Brief discription of linux OS and how to make your pendrive Bootable with the help of USBInstaller or Yumi Softwares
Attention: This presentation contains animations, so to have an exact picture you need to download it.
2. What is Linux
• Just like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Mac
OS X, Linux is an operating system.
• An operating system is software that manages all of the
hardware resources associated with your desktop or
laptop.
Technical terms related to Linux
The Bootloader: The software that manages the boot
process of your computer. For most users, this will simply
be a splash screen that pops up and eventually goes
away to boot into the operating system.
The kernel: This is the one piece of the whole that is
actually called “Linux”. The kernel is the core of the
system and manages the CPU, memory, and
peripheral devices. The kernel is the “lowest” level of
the OS.
Daemons: These are background services (printing,
sound, scheduling, etc.) that either start up during
boot, or after you log into the desktop.
The Shell is a user program or it's environment
provided for user interaction. Shell is an command
language interpreter that executes commands read
from the standard input device (keyboard) or from a
file. Shell is not part of system kernel, but uses the
system kernel to execute programs, create files etc.
Desktop Environment: This is the piece of the puzzle that the users
actually interact with. There are many desktop environments to
choose from (Unity, GNOME, Cinnamon, Enlightenment, KDE,
XFCE, etc)
Applications
• Just like Windows and Mac, Linux offers
thousands upon thousands of high-quality
software titles that can be easily found and
installed
• Include App Store-like tools that centralize
and simplify application installation. For
example: Ubuntu Linux has the Ubuntu
Software Center which allows you to quickly
search among the thousands of apps and
install them from one centralized location.
3. The ‘BIRTH’ of Linux
Before Linux
In 1980’s main operating systems present were
• Unix
• Apple Mac
• MS-DOS
1. DOS dominated the PC industry in 1980
2. Mac was considered technologically advanced than DOS but was expensive
3. Unix was even better but was much more expensive
1. People were looking for a UNIX based system, which is cheaper and can run
on PC
2. DOS, MAC and UNIX were proprietary, i.e., the source code of their kernel is
protected
3. No modification is possible without paying high license fees
4. The ‘BIRTH’ of Linux
• FOUNDATION OF GNU
GNU (acronym for GNU’s not unix) was founded in 1984 by RICHARD
STALLMAN
He was against copying or modification in order to make better and efficient
computer programs
• Aim at developing a complete
Unix-like operating system
which is free for copying and
modification
• Stallman built the first free GNU
C Compiler in 1991. But still, an
OS was yet to be developed
5. The ‘BIRTH’ of Linux
• Beginning of Linux
In Sept 1991, Linus Torvalds, a second year student of Computer
Science at the University of Helsinki, developed the preliminary kernel
of Linux, known as Linux version 0.0.1
Operating system MINIX was developed by professor Andrew Tanenbaun, a
simplified version of Unix that runs on a PC
It was for education purpose only.
Soon more than a hundred people joined the Linux camp. Then thousands. Then
hundreds of thousands
It was licensed under GNU General Public License, thus ensuring that the source
codes will be free for all to copy, study and to change.
6. Linux today
• Today Linux is available for Desktops, laptops, tablets,
smartphones as well as independent machine systems
Not only character user interface but
graphical user interface is available
Commercial vendors moved
in Linux itself to provide
freely distributed code. They
make their money by
compiling up various
software and gathering them
in a distributable format
– Red Hat, Slack
ware, Canonical
etc.
7. Free Linux
Free software, as defined by the FSF (Free Software Foundation), is
a "matter of liberty, not price." To qualify as free software by FSF
standards, you must be able to:
– Run the program for any purpose you want to, rather than be
restricted in what you can use it for.
– View the program's source code.
– Study the program's source code and modify it if you need to.
– Share the program with others.
– Improve the program and release those improvements so that
others can use them.
8. Linux is not a complete OS
• Strictly speaking Linux is NOT the complete OS, but only
the kernel. The rest of the OS (called user-land) is mostly
GNU-based. The correct naming of the OS is thus
GNU/Linux.
• Without a kernel, an operating system doesn't exist.
Without programs, a kernel is useless. In 1991, ideal
conditions existed that would create Linux. In essence,
Linus Torvalds had a kernel but no programs of his own,
Richard Stallman and GNU had programs but no
working kernel.
9. Linux distributions
• A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an
operating system made from a software collection, which
is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package
management system.
MAJOR LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS
To mention but only a few…
10. Linux on Smartphones
• There are other smartphone operating systems in
development — and they’re all Linux-based.
• Google’s Android operating system is also based on
Linux, although it’s very different from typical Linux
distributions.
Ubuntu Phone
Firefox OS
Amazon Fire OS
12. • We can install Linux on our computer using a bootable
pen drive.
• Bootable USB can also be used to run Linux on a
computer in LIVE MODE
13. Prerequisites
• A Linux ISO file (Can be downloaded from websites of
respective distro)
• Unetbootin : A software used to create bootable pen drive
(Universal USB installer or YUMI can also be used)
• A pen drive 4gb or more.
23. Introduction
• Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating
system and distribution for personal computers,
smartphones and network servers.
• It uses Unity as its default user interface.
• Development of Ubuntu is led by UK-based Canonical
Ltd, a company owned by South African
entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates
revenue through the sale of technical support and other
services related to Ubuntu.
24. Philosophy
• The Ubuntu project is publicly committed to the
principles of open-source software development; people
are encouraged to use free software, study how it works,
improve upon it, and distribute it.
• It is based on free software and named after the Southern
African philosophy of Ubuntu (literally, 'human-ness'),
which Canonical Ltd suggests can be loosely translated as
"humanity to others" or "I am what I am because of who
we all are".
25. Features
Ubuntu has a large set of popular app support
It is the most widely used Linux Based OS
26. Features
• UPDATE CYCLE
• Ubuntu releases updated version in every nine month
• And the versions are named as
13.04, 13.10, 14.04, 14.10 and so on…
• Every fourth release is a long term support version
• LTS version gets support and updates for 5 years
• Current LTS version is 16.04
