3.
Recent Developments
Budget Law: amending budget law no. 53 for the
year 1973 by law no. 87 of the year 2005
Constitution 1971: articles no. 115 and 116 in 2007
Actions: MoF , MoP
4.
Budget Law: more transparency
(2005)
Budget presentation : functional
Budget structure: classification
Budget components: programs
Budget comprehensiveness: energy subsidy
Budget discipline: caps, conditions on amendments
Constitution : openings
(2007)
Discussion: more time, 3months
Right to amend: with hard budget constraint
Audit results: 6months after execution max.
5.
Actions
(2007/08…)
Monthly: The MOF Monthly Financial Reports
Mid Year: The MoF’s Egyptian Economic Monitor
(Mid-Year Review)
End Year: Egypt’s Final Account (Year-End Report)
Yearly: Citizen Budget, First (only, partial) issue 2010
Actions
(in progress)
Presentation: Spatial, Chapter 6 (MoP)
Presentation: Programs, Chapter 6 (MoP)
Presentation: Central/Local, Decentralization (MoF&MoP)
7.
Positioning& Assessing I
Reference
Systems of Responsibility
Comprehensiveness of
Budget Presentation
Fiscal Risks Disclosure
Integrity and
accountability Assurance
Publication of all budget
documentation and fiscal
information
Assessing
Quasi Fiscal Activities
Whole Government
Framework, pre budget
statement
Financial management&
fiscal gimmicks
Cash/accrual
CAO role
9.
Informing citizens
Answerability
Improve resource allocation
Responsiveness
Holding the government accountable
Accountability
Voicing the opinion of citizens
Democracy
Why Transparency
10.
Government Effectiveness
Statistical Table: Government Effectiveness, Comparison across selected countries
Country Sources Year Percentile Rank
(0-100)
Governance Score
(-2.5 to +2.5)
Standard Error
EGYPT, ARAB REP.
10 2011 32.2 -0.60 0.18
10 2010 40.7 -0.43 0.18
10 2009 45.0 -0.34 0.18
10 2008 41.3 -0.44 0.18
10 2007 39.8 -0.45 0.18
10 2006 34.6 -0.55 0.17
8 2005 41.0 -0.39 0.17
8 2004 48.3 -0.23 0.17
7 2003 44.9 -0.30 0.17
7 2002 40.0 -0.40 0.17
6 2000 49.8 -0.16 0.19
6 1998 48.8 -0.17 0.19
4 1996 47.8 -0.21 0.24
90th-100th Percentile 50th-75th Percentile 10th-25th Percentile
75th-90th Percentile 25th-50th Percentile 0th-10th Percentile
Source : Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi
(2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators:
Methodology and Analytical Issues ,
11.
Voice and Accountability
Country Sources Year Percentile Rank
(0-100)
Governance Score
(-2.5 to +2.5)
Standard Error
EGYPT, ARAB REP.
15 2011 16.0 -1.13 0.11
16 2010 13.7 -1.18 0.11
16 2009 14.2 -1.16 0.11
15 2008 13.9 -1.21 0.11
15 2007 15.4 -1.16 0.11
15 2006 14.4 -1.20 0.11
13 2005 22.1 -0.95 0.14
12 2004 21.2 -0.95 0.14
9 2003 19.2 -1.08 0.16
9 2002 18.8 -1.08 0.16
7 2000 24.5 -0.79 0.21
5 1998 24.0 -0.82 0.23
5 1996 24.0 -0.76 0.22
90th-100th Percentile 50th-75th Percentile 10th-25th Percentile
75th-90th Percentile 25th-50th Percentile 0th-10th Percentile
Source : Kaufmann D., A. Kraay, and M. Mastruzzi
(2010), The Worldwide Governance Indicators:
Methodology and Analytical Issues ,
12. Egypt 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Total Outlays
32.1 29.2 34.5 36.1 30.3
General Public Services 7.8 7.3 8.8 8.5 8.7
Defence 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.3 2.0
Public Order and Safety 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.5
Economic Affairs 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2
Environmental Protection 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Housing and Community Amenities 1.0 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.7
Health 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.4
Recreation, Culture, and Religion 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.2
Education 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.7
Social Protection
Source: (IMF, GFS)
9.8 7.9 10.5 12.1 7.8
Outlays by Function
%GDP
13.
Transparency For Whom
Fiscal Stance
Facilitate
Government
work
Supply Side
Democracy
Facilitate
citizen
engagement
Demand Side
14.
How: Mechanism for engagement
Creating a substance for dialogue
Data vs. information
Line items vs. programs
MTF
Creating an opening for dialogue
Widening the room for dialogue
Empowering legally the dialogue
Transparency
(content)
Budget cycle
(way)
15.
How: Mechanism for engagement…..
Support system:
Information
Freedom of information
Culture of archiving/ requesting/ using information
Capacity to communicate with information
CAO role to assess the quality of public spending
CSOs: economic&social rights, community
development
16.
Conclusion &Way Forward
Transparency works for Democracy
Complete reform agenda
Performance based budgeting
Freedom of Information law
NGOs Law
Budget cycle
Financial management
CAO
