2. Amino Acids
• Amino acids are organic compounds that contain
amino[a] (−NH+3) and carboxylic acid (−CO2H)
functional groups, along with a side chain (R group)
specific to each amino acid.
• The elements present in every amino acid are
carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen
(N) (CHON);
• In addition sulfur (S) is present in the side chains of
cysteine and methionine, and selenium (Se) in the
less common amino acid selenocysteine.
3. • Amino Acid, any of a group of organic molecules
that consist of a basic amino group (―NH2), an
acidic carboxyl group (―COOH), and an organic R
group (or side chain) that is unique to each amino
acid.
• The term amino acid is short for α-amino [alpha-
amino] carboxylic acid.
4. • Each molecule contains a central carbon (C) atom,
called the α-carbon, to which both an amino and a
carboxyl group are attached.
• The remaining two bonds of the α-carbon atom
are generally satisfied by a hydrogen (H) atom and
the R group. The formula of a general amino acid
is:
5. History
• The first few amino acids were discovered in the
early 1800s.
• In 1806, French Louis-Nicolas and Pierre isolated
asparagus that was named asparagine, the first
amino acid.
• Cystine was discovered in 1810
• Glycine and leucine were discovered in 1820.
• The last of the 20 common amino acids to be
discovered was threonine in 1935 by William C
Rose.
6.
7. BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE
• L-α-Amino acids provide the monomer units of the
long polypeptide chains of proteins.
• Amino Acids and their derivatives participate in
cellular functions such as nerve transmission
• Amino Acids are involved in biosynthesis of
porphyrins, purines, pyrimidines and urea.
30. Protein
• Proteins are large biomolecules and
macromolecules that comprise one or more long
chains of amino acid residues.
• Proteins perform a vast array of functions
catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication,
responding to stimuli, providing structure to
cells and organisms, and transporting molecules
from one location to another
31.
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38. Nutritional Value of Amino Acids
• They're vital for functions throughout your body,
including protein synthesis, tissue repair, and
nutrient absorption.
• Some may also help prevent muscle loss, support
recovery after surgery, and improve mood, sleep,
and athletic performance.
65. Hartnup disease
• Hartnup disease is a condition caused by the
body's inability to absorb certain protein building
blocks (amino acids) from the diet.
• As a result, affected individuals are not able to use
these amino acids to produce other substances,
such as vitamins and proteins
78. Ammonia
• Ammonia is a colorless highly irritating gas with a
sharp suffocating odor.
• It dissolves easily in water to form ammonium
hydroxide solution which can cause irritation and
burns.
• Ammonia gas is easily compressed and forms a
clear, colorless liquid under pressure.
![Amino Acids
• Amino acids are organic compounds that contain
amino[a] (−NH+3) and carboxylic acid (−CO2H)
functional groups, along with a side chain (R group)
specific to each amino acid.
• The elements present in every amino acid are
carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), and nitrogen
(N) (CHON);
• In addition sulfur (S) is present in the side chains of
cysteine and methionine, and selenium (Se) in the
less common amino acid selenocysteine.](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)