student presentation

1. What is a milling machine

2. What has not been shown on this diagram is PPE for this machinery. Guards would be placed on the worktable, so the
operator has limitations to where he can position himself to the machine. Also there would be a guard placed on the
spindle nose, so swarf cannot go all over the room or hit the operator using the machine.

3. • This is the basic milling machine configuration. The work piece can be fed in all three axes, which
are at X,Y and Z, and is suitable for short production runs. Although it is not as rigid as a fixed bed
machine and should not be used for heavy duty work. Because of the large number of controls it is
a relatively slow machine to operate.
•
• Motor-The motor supplies the power towards the spindle.
• Tool head-The tool head houses the spindle. The tool head is located to the end of the Ram. The
tool head also contains the motor. So the power is close to the spindle.
• Column-The column of the milling machine, along with the base, are the major structural
components. They hold, align, and support the rest of the machine.
• Table-Holds and secures the work piece for machining.
• Saddle-The saddle it attached to the knee. The saddle provides the in and out, or Y axis travel of the
table.
• Knee-The knee supports the saddle and the table. The knee can be moved up and down for work
piece positioning.
• Ram-The ram allows the Tool head to slide in and out. The ram gives the machine greater capacity
and flexibility. It is recommended that the tool head be kept as close to the column as possible
during heavy milling work.
• A rotary table is a precision work positioning device used in metalworking. It enables the operator
to drill or cut work at exact intervals around a fixed (usually horizontal or vertical) axis. Some rotary
tables allow the use of index plates for indexing operations, and some can also be fitted with
dividing plates that enable regular work positioning at divisions for which indexing plates are not
available. A rotary fixture used in this fashion is more appropriately called a dividing head (indexing
head).
• Digital readout: A digital readout can be brought and attached to the mill this assists the user by
showing the location of the cutter on the x and y axis.
The milling machine is commonly known for cutting material which is in sheet
formation, and rarely for tubed material. Depending on the work needed to be
done on the job.

4. What a milling machine does?
• Chamfers, V-cuts, undercuts, preparation for welding, and debarring
operations along the work piece edges are frequent operations.
Depending upon the type of machine and set-up, these operations can be
performed in a variety of ways. A small face mill, a long edge cutter, an
end mill or a dedicated chamfering cutters can be used.
• Face milling is the most common milling operation and can be performed
using a wide range of using different tools. Cutters with a 45º entering
angle are most frequently used, but round insert cutters, square shoulder
cutters and side and face mills are also used for certain conditions.
• Side and face milling cutters can handle long, deep, open slots in a more
efficient manner, and provide the best stability and productivity for this
type of milling. They can also be built into a “gang” to machine more than
one surface in the same plane at the same time

5. Dangers of the machine
• When using a machine if the tools you are using are incorrectly used, this
could result in damage to your work piece and the machine.
• If you are operating at a ridiculously high speed you could cause damage
to the material which could burn, melt or defect the finishing product.
• If you are cutting at a unexceptionally low speed this can result in damage
to the cutter as it may blunt the tool, or it may even cause harm to you by
receiving burns when handling the material.
• By not doing the precautionary checklist before operating the machine,
could involve perhaps the emergency stop not functioning properly or
another component in the tool. And creating a greater risk when using the
machine.
• If the axes are not set towards the correct coordinated at the start of any
job. It would lead to a job having anomalous measurements, or scrapping
a job and restarting again.

6. PPE with the milling machine
Safety glasses are to be worn to help
prevent swarf going into the eyes and a
possibility to cause blindness.
Overalls to keep your clothes clean, and
so loose clothing cannot get tanged into
the machinery.
Steel toe cap boots to protect feet from
falling heavy objects, and damaging the
foot area.
Hairnet if needed to people with long
hair to prevent it getting caught up in
the machine.

7. lathes
• The lathe is a machinery that is used to cut cylinder shaped materials, or
used to create threads into a material. Depending on the size of the hole
in the material. Although with the material being used, the rpm (rotations
per minute) would need to be changed in order to cut the material. For it
can damage the tool or ruin the job by damaging the materials.
• When materials do conduct heat by the friction of the tool and the
material being used. It could lead to the tool melting for the melting point
of what the material being used in the tool. By using slurry, it would lower
the temperature of the drill and the material. Also it is considered to be a
health and safety violation and could lead to receiving burns.
• With the Y axes on the dial, by doing a whole rotation would have been
2.5mm. Although if you where to cut a tube on a lathe, means you would
of gone 1.25mm deep into the material being used. But it does depend on
the size of the material and how deep you would want to go.

9. • Bed and Ways
• The bed is the base or foundation for the parts of the lathe. The main feature of the bed is the ways, which are formed on
the bed’s upper surface and run the full length of the bed. The ways keep the tailstock and the carriage, which slide on them,
in alignment with the headstock.
• Tailstock
• The primary purpose of the tailstock is to hold the dead centre to support one end of the work being machined. However,
the tailstock can also be used to hold tapered shank drills, reamers, and drill chucks. It can be moved on the ways along the
length of the bed and can be clamped in the desired position by tightening the tailstock clamping nut. This movement allows
for the turning of different lengths of work. The tailstock can be adjusted laterally (front to back) to cut a taper by loosening
the clamping screws at the bottom of the tailstock.
• Before you insert a dead centre, drill, or reamer, carefully clean the tapered shank and wipe out the tapered hole of the
tailstock spindle. When you hold drills or reamers in the tapered hole of the spindle, be sure they are tight enough so they
will not revolve at all. If you allow them to revolve, they will score the tapered hole and destroy its accuracy. And ruining the
job you would be working on.
• Carriage
• The carriage is the movable support for the cross feed slide and the compound rest. The compound rest carries the cutting
tool in the tool post. Figure 9-3 shows how the carriage travels along the bed over which it slides on the outboard ways.
• The carriage has T-slots or tapped holes to use for clamping work for boring or milling. When the carriage is used for boring
and milling operations, carriage movement feeds the work to the cutting tool, which is rotated by the headstock spindle.
• You can lock the carriage in any position on the bed by tightening the carriage clamp screw. But you do this only when you
do such work as facing or parting-off, for which longitudinal feed is not required. Normally the carriage clamp is kept in the
released position. Always move the carriage by hand to be sure it is free before you engage its automatic feed.
• Feed Rod
• The feed rod transmits power to the apron to drive the longitudinal feed and cross feed mechanisms. The feed rod is driven
by the spindle through a train of gears. The ratio of feed rod speed to spindle speed can be varied by using change gears to
produce various rates of feed.
The rotating feed rod drives gears in the apron; these gears in turn drive the longitudinal feed and cross feed mechanisms
through friction clutches.
• Some lathes do not have a separate feed rod, but use a spline in the lead screw for the same purpose.

10. • Crossfade Slide
• The cross feed slide is mounted to the top of the carriage in a dovetail and moves on the carriage at a right angle
to the axis of the lathe. A cross feed screw allows the slide to be moved toward or away from the work in accurate
increments.
• Accessories and Attachments
• Accessories are the tools and equipment used in routine lathe machining operations. Attachments are special
fixtures that may be mounted on the lathe to expand the use of the lathe to include taper cutting, milling, and
grinding. Some of the common accessories and attachments are described in the following paragraphs.
• TOOL POST.—The sole purpose of the tool post is to provide a rigid support for the tool. It is mounted in the T-slot
of the compound rest. A forged tool or a tool holder is inserted in the slot in the tool post. By tightening a
setscrew, you will firmly clamp the whole unit in place with the tool in the desired position.
• TOOLHOLDERS—Notice the angles at which the tool bits are set in the various holders. These angles must be
considered with respect to the angles ground on the tools and the angle that the tool holder is set with respect to
the axis of the work.
• Two types of tool holders that differ slightly from the common tool holders are those used for threading and
knurling.
• The threading tool holder has a formed cutter which needs to be ground only on the top surface for sharpening.
Since the thread form is accurately shaped over a large arc of the tool, as the surface is worn away by grinding, the
cutter can be rotated to the correct position and secured by the setscrew.
• A knurling tool holder carries two knurled rollers which impress their patterns on the work as it revolves. The
purpose of the knurling tool is to provide a roughened surface on round metal parts, such as knobs, to give a
better grip in handling. The knurled rollers come in a variety of patterns.
• Sourced: http://www.nedians.8m.com/lathe.htm

11. Safety Glasses so swarf cannot enter the eye. Overalls to prevent loose clothing getting
caught in the lathe. Safety Boots so heavy materials or tools when falling cannot cause
damage to your feet. A hairnet is required for those long hair, to prevent the risks of it
tangling into the machinery.

12. Differences and similarities
• Differences
• The lathe has a supply of slurry to cool down the material, when it conducts too much heat.
• The lathe can be used for methods like turning and screw cutting a material
• A milling machine has three axes that are Y,X and Z, unlike a lathe which has Y and X.
• The milling machine can turn a twist drill to cut a material, and at rapid speeds resulting to
less time needed to cut material.
• Similarities
• Both of the machinery types can level off a piece of material, so it can be flat. Also used to
help cutting material length size.
• The machines contain an emergency stop, just in case of any sudden requirements to stop
the machine in operation.
• The machines do use twist drills in their operations, but they are used in different ways when
it comes to operating them.
• They both use dials to determine how much material to take off of a job, and can be both set
to zero when starting on a new piece of material.