Life Safety, Emergency Response, and Fire Safety: EU Regional EHS Regulatory Highlights

PRESENTED BY
®
EU Regional EHS Regulatory Highlights: Life Safety, Emergency
Response, and Fire Safety
Paris
April 5, 2018

®
Country
Life Safety, Emergency Response, and Fire Safety
Emergency Response Plans Emergency Response Teams Drills AEDs
Required?* Required?* Required?* Required?*
Austria Yes Yes Yes No
Belgium Yes Yes Yes No
Denmark Yes No No No
Finland Yes Yes Yes/RA No
France Yes Yes Yes No
Germany Yes Yes Yes Yes/RA
Ireland Yes Yes/RA Yes No
Israel Yes Yes Yes Yes
Italy Yes Yes Yes No
Netherlands Yes Yes Yes/RA No
Poland Yes Yes Yes No
Spain Yes Yes Yes/RA Yes/RA
Sweden Yes Yes Yes No
United Kingdom Yes Yes Yes No
Yes= Required as Prescribed by the Regulation Yes/RA= May be Required if Identified in a Risk Assessment No= Not Required / No Regulation
1

Country
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Austria
Fire safety officers must have at least 16 hours
of training in the field of fire protection in
accordance with the guidelines of the fire bri-
gades or fire prevention agencies, or another,
at least equivalent training (§ 43 (2) Workplace
Order).
In case the authorities consider necessary a
fire safety officer, the authority also deter-
mines the number of safety officers and
supporting personell (fire wards).
First aiders in offices:
• 1 first aider: at up to 29 regularly at the
same time employed workers
• 2 first aiders: at 30 to 49 regularly at the
same time employed workers
• + 1 addional first aider: for every 20 regular-
ly at the same time employed workers
Just in case a fire safety officer has to be
appointed by the authorities, a fire alarm and
evacuation exercise has to be carried out at
least once a year (§ 45 (5) Occupational Health
and Safety Act).
N/A
Belgium
Codex on Welfare Art. I.2-23 and Art. III.3-23:
Emergency plan is needed, including informa-
tion and instructions in the event of emergen-
cy, safety exercises, evacuation, and first aid
response and measures aimed at preventing
post traumatic stress.
Codex on Welfare Art. III.3-7: Employer must
appoint and train a sufficient number of em-
ployees to act as “service against fire” team.
Codex on Welfare Art. III.3-26: evacuation drills
must be done at least once a year.
N/A
Denmark
Executive Order on the Conditions at Perma-
nent Places of Work, Article 10 (2) Safe escape
and rescue routes for persons shall be provid-
ed on the worksite.
Working Environment Act, Article 15a
1084 of 19 September 2017
Safe escape and rescue routes for persons shall
be provided on the worksite.
N/A
Not obligatory to have drills, but recommend-
ed. As minimum instruction on emergency
plans part of introduction/instruction for new
employees or in case of changes on the work
place.
Working Environment Act, Article 17
1084 of 19 September 2017
N/A
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2

Country
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Finland
Occupational Safety and Health Act 738/2002,
Section 32(3) There must be a sufficient
number of emergency escape routes and exits.
These must be kept unobstructed and appro-
priated signposted.
Rescue Act (379/2011), Section 15 An emer-
gency plan covering the measures referred to
in section 14 shall be drawn up for a building
or other site which, with regard to evacuation
safety or rescue operations, is exceptionally
demanding or where the risk to the safety of
persons or to fire safety or the risk to the en-
vironment or cultural property, or the damage
caused by any accident, may be considered
serious. The drawing up of the emergency
plan is the responsibility of the occupant of
the building or the site. If more than one
business and industrial operator operates in
the building, the occupant of the building shall
draw up the emergency plan in cooperation
with the business and industrial operators. The
emergency plan shall contain the details of:
(see full text)
According to 407/2011 (Government decree
on rescue activities) 1§, if workplace is usually
occupied by at least 50 persons, the above-
mentioned emergency plan is needed. See
407/2011 2§ for details regarding the contents
of the emergency plan. (http://www.finlex.fi/
fi/laki/ajantasa/2011/20110407)
Section 47 The employer must appoint and
train a sufficient number of employees to
carry out first aid and fire evacuation duties,
based on the nature of the work, the particular
risks involved, and the size of the workplace.
Employees are required to cooperate with the
employer in this regard.
Section 44 Employees to be provided with
training and information on emergency pro-
cedures and actions to be taken following an
accident.
In accordance with Occupational Safety and
Health Act 738/2002 section 10, a risk assess-
ment is the basis for determining the level,
training and equipment for first aid. Whilst
an AED can be part of the equipment ithis is
not a requirement, and any decision should
be based on risk assessment that takes into
account i.a. the nature of the work and the
abilities of the staff to use equipment.
In accordance with 708/2013 (Government
Decree on the principles of good occupational
health care practice, the content of occupa-
tional health care and the qualifications of
professionals and experts), Section 11, The
need for first aid resources must be assessed
in the workplace investigation. Planning must
have regard to the need for first aid skills and
equipment and the special demands of the
workplace.Planning must take account of
the first aid preparedness necessary in major
accidents.
France
Article R4216-1 to R4216-34 and R4227-1 to
R4227-57 of the Labour Code Articles of the
Labour Code provide detailed requirement
regarding fire fighting and emergency organiza-
tion and means.
Labor code, Art. R4227-37 & 38 Fire safety
instructions displayed throughout building
Labor code, Art. R4227-29
The employer shall take the necessary
measures to ensure that any outbreak of fire
can be fought quickly and effectively in the
interests of rescuing workers.
Article R4224-16 of the Labour Code “(...)
The employer takes all necessary measures to
ensure first aid to people injured or ill. (...)”
The workplaces are equipped with first aid
equipment adapted to the nature of the risks
and easily accessible.
Labor code, Art. L4121-1:
The employer shall take adapted measure to
ensure the safety of his employees, including:
evacuation, response team, first aid personnel
Training: See sheet “Training”
Periodic tests and inspections of the fire
equipment and drills take place at least every
6 months, during which the personnel learn
to recognize the characteristics of the general
audible alarm signal, to use the first aid
equipment and execute the various necessary
maneuvers.
N/A
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3

Country
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Germany
Ordinance of Workplaces (ArbStättV) § 4 and
Technical Rules for Workplaces “ASR A2.3 Es-
cape Routes, Emergency Exits and Escape and
Rescue Plan” No. 9.
The employer shall draw up an escape and
rescue plan (Flucht- und Rettungswegeplan) if
the location, extension and nature of the use
of the workplace render this necessary. The
plan must be laid out or displayed at suitable
points in the workplace. Evacuation drills must
be performed regularly in accordance to this
plan. The plan must indicate all relevant safety
installations and must be kept up-to-date.
GUV-V A1 Section 22 and Technical Rules for
Workplaces ASR A2.2 Measures against Fire
Section 6.2
There is a need for the nomination of an
adequate number of fire wardens (Brand-
schutzhelfer). A share of at least 5% of the em-
ployees is recommended but the exact amount
must be determined in accordance to the risk
assessment. Training is required.
According to § 26 (1) DGUV-V1, the employer
must ensure, that first-aiders are provided for
first-aid activities in sufficient number:
1) at least one first aider is required in facilities
with 2 to 20 present employees
2) In facilities with more than 20 present
employees for administrative- and trading
enterprises a share of 5% of the employees
The number of first aiders according to num-
ber 2 may be deviated in agreement with the
casualty insurer, taking into account the orga-
nization of the operational rescue and the risk.
Ordinance of Workplaces (ArbStättV) § 4 and
Technical Rules for Workplaces “ASR A2.3 Es-
cape Routes, Emergency Exits and Escape and
Rescue Plan” No. 9. The employer shall draw
up an escape and rescue plan (Flucht- und
Rettungswegeplan) if the location, extension
and nature of the use of the workplace render
this necessary. The plan must be laid out or
displayed at suitable points in the workplace.
Regular emergency drills must be performed
in accordance to this plan. It is recommended
to perform an unannounced emergency drill
at least once a year. The purpose of the drill
should be to verify, if:
• The alarm can be triggered immediately at
any time
• The alarm can be recognized by all persons
who are in the building
• All persons who are in the building are
aware of the alarm
• The emergency and escape routes can be
used quickly and safely.
The results of the emergency drills should be
documented and kept available.
Technical Rules for Workplaces ASR A4.3.
Point 3.4 “First Aid Facilities, Facilities and
First Aid Facilities”, in the context of the risk
assessment to be performed, the employer
must independently decide whether to use an
Automated External Defibrillator (AED) as first
aid is required or not. When preparing the risk
assessment, it is advised and supported by
the specialist for occupational safety and the
company doctor.
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4

Country
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
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Ireland
The Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act
2005. Section 8 (2c ii) the design, provision
and maintenance of safe means of access to
and egress from the workplace and Section
11 of the 2005 Act states that employers
are required to prepare and revise adequate
emergency plans and procedures and provide
the necessary measures for fire fighting and
the evacuation of the workplace. Consider-
ation for all employees and anyone connected
with the workplace must form part of how an
employer addresses the area of safety health
and welfare and specifically the provision of
emergency access and egress.
Control of Major Accident Hazards Involving
Dangerous Substances Regulations 2015, Regu-
lation 10 requires every operator of a COMAH
site (upper and lower tier) to take all measures
necessary to prevent major accidents and to
limit their consequences for human health and
the environment - the roles and responsibil-
ities of emergency response team members
would be documented in the major accident
prevention policy (MAPP).
Dangerous Substances Regulations 2015, Part
4 requires the development of internal and ex-
ternal emergency plans for Upper Tier COMAH
establishments.
Sections 8, 9 and 10 of this 2005 Act require
that sufficient information, training and super-
vision is provided to ensure the safety of em-
ployees, and also that such instruction, training
etc. must take account of any employees with
specific needs, to ensure their protection
against dangers that may affect them.
Dangerous Substances Regulations 2015, Regu-
lation 10 requires every operator of a COMAH
site (upper and lower tier) to take all measures
necessary to prevent major accidents and to
limit their consequences for human health and
the environment - the roles and responsibil-
ities of emergency response team members
would be documented in the major accident
prevention policy (MAPP).
Under the 2005 Act Emergency procedures
must also be in place and practiced to ensure
safe evacuation in the event of a fire. Section
11 of the 2005 Act states that employers
are required to prepare and revise adequate
emergency plans and procedures and provide
the necessary measures for fire fighting and
the evacuation of the workplace.
It is not compulsory for employers to purchase
AEDs to comply with the Health and Safety reg-
ulations. However, if a risk assessment identi-
fies an AED is required then its recommended
that staff should be fully trained in its use.
Israel
Accidents and Occupational Diseases (Notifica-
tion) Ordinance, 1945, Article 3
Ministry of Industry Trade and Labor, Labor
Laws, “Work Safety Ordinance (New Version)
5730-1970”, CHAPTER THREE: SAFETY, Article
Fifteen: Safety Provisions in Case of Fire
Laws, “Labour Inspection (Organisation) Law,
5714-1954”,
PART TWO: DELEGATES, COMMITTEES AND
SAFETY OFFICER
Fifteen
Drills need to be conducted annualy
Fifteen
Fifteen: Safety Provisions in Case of Fire
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5

Country
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
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Regulation Name
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Italy
Ministerial Decree July 15th, 2003 n° 388
Ministerial Decree of March 10th, 1998
Presidential Decree n. 151 of August 1st, 2011
In offices with more than 10 workers, the
employer has to:
• implement an emergency plan,
• perform a periodical fire drill, at least yearly.
requires the presence of first aid kit box.
As required by articles 3 and 4 of Ministerial
Decree of March 10th, 1998, the employer
has to:
• provide adequate maintenance to fire
fighting devices, according to national and
European law in force and to technical
standards;
• provide adequate information and training
to workers exposed to emergency risk
(according to Annex VII).
Specific activities performed, as reported in
the Presidential Decree n. 151 of August 1st,
2011, have to be provided with a fire preven-
tion certificated issue by the Provincial Fire
Brigade.
Decree 81/2008, Article 43 and 45
Ministerial Decree March 10th 1998
The employer must designate and train
employees responsible for fire prevention,
emergency evacuation, first aid and emergency
management, based on the level of risk (low,
medium, high).
Firefighting: work place fire risk classification is
based on criteria defined in Annex IX and I of
the Legislative Decree of March 10th, 1998.
First Aid: the employer has to train and appoint
first aid team. Activities are classified in three
groups, based on the size, number of workers
and on site health risk factors.
First aid team should be trained when appoint-
ed, then refreshed every 3 years.
As required by Ministerial Decree of March
10th, 1998, in firms/sites with more than
10 workers, the employer has to perform a
periodical (at least yearly) fire emergency drill,
consisting in the evacuation of the building.
Decree 81/08 does not require companies
to provide semi-automatic defibrillators, but
requires first-aid personnel to be trained.
The only structures required to provide
semi-automatic defibrillators are the sport
facilities as required by Decree June 26th 2017.
The presence of semi-automatic defibrilla-
tors is recommended in public and private
structures with high inflow of users (shopping
centers, hotels, hypermarkets, fitness centers,
schools, trains and railway stations).
Netherlands
The Working Conditions Decree, Article 2.5c
(following The Working Conditions Act, Article
3-1.e)
The internal emergency plan must be form-
lated based on the risk assesment (RI&E). The
plan will be tested, evaluated and updated at
least once every 3 years (or if neccesary).
Working Conditions Act article 15
the employer shall seek the assistance of one
or more employees who have been designated
as emergency response experts (ERT).
Best practice is to organise an evacuation drill
once a year.
Considered Best practice
Poland
Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs
and Administration dated June 7, 2010 on the
fire safety of buildings and other areas (Official
Journal of Laws of 2010, Item 109, No. 719).
Article 6. Owners, administrators or users of
buildings are obliged to develop and imple-
ment fire safety plans and instructions. The fire
safety plans and instructions are to be passed
to the local fire brigade commander for the
purposes of planning, organizing and conduct-
ing rescue operations and should be displayed
in places accessible to the rescue teams. The
manual is to be updated periodically, at least
once every 2 years.
Labour code (consolidated text Dz.U. 1998 N°
21, item 94)
Art. 209. An employer is obliged to provide the
means necessary for first aid in an emergency,
fire fighting and evacuation of workers. The
employer shall appoint Evacuation Leaders
responsible for proper evacuation in case
of fire or other direct threat. The appoint-
ed Leaders shall have proper Training. The
number of Evacuation Leaders is based on risk
assessment.
Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affairs
and Administration dated June 7, 2010 on the
fire safety of buildings and other areas (Official
Journal of Laws of 2010, Item 109, No. 719).
Article 17 The owner or manager of a building
intended for more than 50 permanent users,
should conduct a practical evacuation exercise
from the premises at least every 2 years
N/A
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6

Country
Regulation Name
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Regulation Name
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Regulation Name
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Spain
1) Act 31/1995 on Prevention of Occupational
Risks, Article 20, the employer, taking into ac-
count the size and work activities of the com-
pany shall analyze the possible situations of
emergency and shall take the necessary mea-
sures for first aid, fire-fighting and evacuation
of workers, designating for those purposes the
workers required to implement such measures
and checking periodically, where appropriate,
their proper working order.
2) Additionally, a specific emergency Plan
called Self-protection Plan is required for those
activities or facilities that fall under Royal De-
cree 393/2007, of March 23, which approves
the Basic Self-protection Plan of centers,
establishments and dependencies dedicated
to activities that may give rise to emergency
situations:
Art. 2 (Annex I) establishes the activities that
fall into the Royal Decree. As an example, activ-
ities where chemicals are stored above several
thereshold limits or buildings where maximum
evacuation height is equal to or greater than
28 meters or with a maximum occupancy is at
least 2,000 people.
The content of the Self-protection plan is de-
veloped in the Basin Rule included in the Royal
Decree and has to be officially registered.
NOTE: Specific requirements have been
established by several Autonomous Regions,
that also affect to the type of activities that are
required to perform a Self-protection plan and
the minimum content, for example Catalonia
(Decree 30/2015, of March 3, approving the
activities and centers that must implement
self-protection measures and establisking their
content).
1) According to Act 31/1995 on Prevention of
Occupational Risks, Article 20, the employer,
taking into account the size and work activities
of the company shall analyze the possible
situations of emergency and shall take the
necessary measures for first aid, fire-fight-
ing and evacuation of workers, designating
for those purposes the workers required
to implement such measures and checking
periodically, where appropriate, their proper
working order. The mentioned personnel must
have the necessary training, must be sufficient
in number and must have at their disposal
adequate equipment in accordance with the
circumstances above mentioned.
Generally, there is no specific requirement in
relation to the number of members, etc. Train-
ing needs are established by Article 34 of Royal
Decree 39/1997 (as amended through Royal
Decree 298/2009 of 6 March 2009 and Royal
Decree 337/2010 of 19 March 2010). Defines
basic, intermediate and higher qualification
requirement and functions (Art. 35-37 and
Annexes IV-VI).
2) However, specific requirements are estab-
lished for those activities or facilities that fall
under Royal Decree 393/2007, of March 23,
which approves the Basic Self-protection Plan
of centers, establishments and dependencies
dedicated to activities that may give rise to
emergency situations:
fall into the Royal Decree. As an example, activ-
ities where chemicals are stored above several
thereshold limits or buildings where maximum
evacuation height is equal to or greater than
28 meters or with a maximum occupancy is at
least 2,000 people.
Point 3.5. of the Basic Rule included in the RD
393/2007, indicates that personnel involved
in the emergency team must be provided with
practical and theorical training (content not
detailed).
Point 3.6. of the Basic Rule included in the RD
393/2007 indicates specific designations.
1) According to Act 31/1995, on Prevention of
Occupational Risks, Article 18(1), the facility
must provide each individual with all of the
necessary information regarding the risks and
preventive measures affecting his/her work-
place, including measures adopted for emer-
gency response (including first aid, fire-fighting
and worker evacuation).
Generally, there is no specific requirement
in relation to emergency drills, including the
periodicity.
2) However, it is especifically required for
those activities or facilities that fall under
Royal Decree 393/2007, of March 23, which
approves the Basic Self-protection Plan of
centers, establishments and dependencies
dedicated to activities that may give rise to
emergency situations:
fall into the Royal Decree. As an example,
fall under the Royal Decree activities where
chemicals are stored above several thereshold
limits or buildings where maximum evacuation
height is equal to or greater than 28 meters or
with a maximum occupancy is at least 2,000
people.
Point 3.6.4. of the Basic Rule included in the
RD 393/2007. Drills must be performed at least
annually.
NOTE: Specific requirements have been
established by several Autonomous Regions,
that also affect to the type of activities that are
required to perform a Self-protection plan, for
example Catalonia (Decree 30/2015, of March
3, approving the activities and centers that
must implement self-protection measures and
establisking their content).
1) Generally not required, but if installed, regis-
tering and training processes must be followed
according to Royal Decree 365/2009, de 20 de
marzo, which establishes the conditions and
minimum requirements for safety and quality
in the use of automatic and semi-automatic
external defibrillators outside the health field.
Registering and training requierements and
processes are developed by the Autonomous
communities.
2) Several Autonomous Regions require the
installation of AED under several conditions,
for example:
In Madrid, workplaces with more than 250
employees the installation of AED is required
(Decree 78/2017, of September 12, regulating
the installation and use of AED outside the
health field.
In Catalonia, several activities or establisments
where a self-protection Plan is required, must
install AEDs. (Decree 30/2015, of March 3,
approving the activities and centers that must
implement self-protection measures and
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Country
Regulation Name
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
Regulatory Triggers
Spain
(continued)
NOTE: Specific requirements including training
needs and content have been established by
several Autonomous Regions, that also affect
to the type of activities that are required to
perform a Self-protection plan, for exam-
ple Catalonia (Decree 30/2015, of March 3,
approving the activities and centers that must
implement self-protection measures and
Sweden
Act on protection against accidents (SFS
2003:778), Chapter 2, 2§ General obligations
The owner or user of buildings shall main-
tain equipment for fighting fire and other
accidents, and take the necessary measures
(technical and organizational) to prevent fires
and limit the damage caused by fire.
First Aid and Crisis Support (AFS 1999: 7)
At each workplace there should be prepared-
ness and procedures for first aid and crisis
support. It must be ensured that the employ-
ees know how first aid and crisis support is
organized at the workplace. At appropriate
points will be posted stating:
• the first-aid equipment available,
• persons who can provide first aid,
• telephone numbers for emergency
At each workplace there should be prepared-
ness and procedures for first aid and crisis
support. It must be ensured that the employ-
ees know how first aid and crisis support is
organized at the workplace. At appropriate
points will be posted stating:
• the first-aid equipment available,
• persons who can provide first aid,
• telephone numbers for emergency
The employee’s familiarity with routines and
planning
It is important that employees know how first
aid and crisis support are organized and set up,
and that their knowledge is kept up to date.
Recurrent information updates are necessary,
as well as possible practical training or drills
of the routines. It is important that schools
and other education centres also inform the
students of how first aid and crisis support are
organized. In this context temporary staff must
not be forgotten either.
Good Management Practice
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Country
Regulation Name
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Regulation Name
Brief Summary
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United Kingdom
Management of Health & Safety at Work Reg-
ulations 1999, Reg 8 - requires employers to
prepare procedures for serious and imminent
danger and for danger areas. Under Regulation
10 employees must also provide H&S infor-
mation, training, instruction and supervision
provided to employees including emergency
procedures, risks present in the workplace and
necessary control measures.
Control of Major Accident Hazards (COMAH)
Regulation 2015, Regulations 5 & 7 requires
every operator of a COMAH site (upper and
lower tier) to take all measures necessary to
prevent major accidents and to limit their
consequences for human health and the en-
vironment - this would be documented in the
major accident prevention policy (MAPP).
Regulation 2015, Regulation 11 requires the
development of internal and external emer-
gency plans for Upper Tier COMAH establish-
ments.
Management of Health & Safety at Work
Regulations 1999, Reg 8 & 10 - requires em-
ployers to prepare procedures for serious and
imminent danger and for danger areas which
should include designation of responsibilities.
A sufficient amount of employees should be
trained to provide assistance in an emergency.
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order
2005 Regulation 15 requires employers to
develop procedures for serious and immi-
nent danger and for danger areas. They must
nominate a sufficient number of competent
persons to implement those procedures in so
far as they relate to the evacuation of relevant
persons from the premises.
Regulation 2015, Regulations 5 & 7 requires
every operator of a COMAH site (upper and
lower tier) to take all measures necessary to
prevent major accidents and to limit their
consequences for human health and the
environment - the roles and responsibilities of
emergency response team members would be
documented in the major accident prevention
policy (MAPP).
The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order
2005 Regulation 15 requires employers to
develop procedures for serious and imminent
danger and for danger areas and then perform
safety drills to test these procedures.
It is not compulsory for employers to purchase
AEDs to comply with the Health and Safety reg-
ulations. However, if a risk assessment identi-
fies an AED is required then its recommended
that staff should be fully trained in its use.
®
9

Life Safety, Emergency Response, and Fire Safety: EU Regional EHS Regulatory Highlights

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