The battle for the spectrum may also extend to the more distant 6G construction. While spectrum sharing really comes to reality from the technical blueprint, the support of the AI industry is indispensable.

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What does the AI spectrum mean for 5G?
Written By Calio Huang
The battle for spectrum may also extend to the more distant 6G construction. While spectrum
sharing really comes to reality from the technical blueprint, the support of the AI industry is
indispensable.
Using AI to control traffic congestion, under the sweeping tide of the city's intelligent
transformation, everyone must have heard more or less. So, use AI to manage invisible data
highways?
That's right, it refers to the same fiery 5G construction.
Today, most readers may already understand the importance of spectrum to 5G, and the way the
spectrum is obtained is relatively straightforward, either auction auctions or national distribution
licenses. Nowadays, the “grab land” competition of spectrum resources in various countries has
already come to an end, and operators are faced with high construction costs. The most urgent
task is how to improve the utilization of spectrum.
Among them, spectrum sharing is seen as a key way to end the spectrum scarcity. But in the
process of time, there are many problems that cannot be ignored. And how will AI affect the pace
of 5G reality?
Where is the spectrum sharing difficult?
The first thing to understand is what exactly is spectrum sharing.
To put it simply, the different types of networks can release some of the spectrum resources
according to their own business conditions and use them together with other networks. For
example, in the early 5G, if you want to split a part of the original 4G spectrum into 5G, it will

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directly reduce the available spectrum of 4G, and there are not so many 5G terminals. The large
probability of allocating the past spectrum is also a waste. of.
Then, to achieve spectrum sharing in the high, medium and low frequency bands, the original
"4G only" and "5G only" channels can transmit data freely without disturbing each other, just like
super-running and ordinary cars can be on the same road. Like the shuttle, such a network
convergence situation is not able to more effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply
and demand of the spectrum.
In fact, as early as 2017, 3GPP accelerated the 5G standard, and also introduced 5G NR spectrum
sharing research, which included spectrum sharing as an integral part of the 5G standard. But
today, spectrum sharing has not been widely promoted.
It is not the operators who do not give force, but the core reasons for their application difficulties.
It is still waiting for the industry to solve them one by one:
The first is the technical challenge. Spectrum sharing means that two wireless communication
networks share a common frequency band, but compatibility problems between channels are
easy to occur.
For example, 4G is a broadband system, the channel configuration is relatively extensive, and 5G
is also a broadband system. There are also various physical channels. To prevent interference
between physical channels between the two systems, it is necessary to propose very precise
"traffic rules" to avoid "Crash."
At the same time, more and more coexisting network standards have further increased the
difficulty of sharing. In addition to the existing 2G/3G/4G/5G, etc., satellite Internet and military
systems are also expanding.
As early as 2015, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released the CBRS band with a
bandwidth of 150MHz, allowing other users to use it to alleviate the pressure of scarce spectrum
resources and increasing congestion. However, network degradation such as 2G/3G is not
something that can be done overnight. During this period, how to coordinate the 5G construction
with the spectrum supply and demand has become a necessary condition for operators to
survive.
What did AI throw at 5G?
After 5G has completed a series of basic preparations, it is time to come to the middle layer of
the industry chain, and really think about how to improve operational efficiency, and then
achieve double insurance for user experience and business benefits.
In our view, a comprehensive AI algorithm can be the most critical existence to support the 5G
network and the real world. At least in spectrum sharing, AI can play three key roles:
One is precise cognition. The premise of managing the usage of the spectrum pool is that it
knows the situation of all nodes well, even in a weak environment, it can ensure successful
sharing without radio frequency interference to other radio waves. In the past, the detection of
energy fluctuations in the electromagnetic spectrum could only be identified by automatic
detectors, but these detectors often lacked sufficient discriminating power to confuse or ignore
important signals such as radar. The AI can improve the recognition accuracy of the detector.
Not long ago, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) trained eight deep

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learning algorithms to identify nearly 15,000 60-second radar signal spectrograms.
The second is intelligent scheduling. The situation of multi-system coexistence is also making the
peak change of hotspots of network traffic more difficult to predict. The intelligent algorithm can
re-adjust the system capacity between 4G and 5G according to the actual traffic demand, so that
the 5G solution of hybrid networking can be solved. All equipment in the solution can maintain
optimal performance from time to time.
The third is efficient deployment. The final competition of 5G operators is still in the business
innovation. However, the requirements of different types of services for network indicators vary
widely. The gradual access of massive IoT also puts higher requirements on the carrier capacity of
operators. To support diversified business needs and rapid application development, and to get
the return of investment income from users as soon as possible, it is crucial to help users get the
best experience of 5G by quickly releasing applications with the efficient deployment capability
of AI.
Where will the future industrial opportunities be?
It is not easy to do an improved operation on a communication system carrying billions of
netizens. However, the problem also means opportunity.
Who can take the lead in this spectrum-sharing technology capture game, it is clear that the first
batch of gold mines of the 5G revolution will be unearthed by the role of “water man”.
At present, it seems that the opportunities are more likely to emerge in the field, one is the cloud
network infrastructure.
Since the service requirements of different operators are inconsistent in time, space, and
frequency, it is necessary to establish a shared interface between multiple operators' spectrums
to exchange information and negotiate spectrum sharing rules, but operate in a competitive
relationship. Businesses will not be reluctant to interact with more detailed sensitive information.
How do we regulate spectrum resources based on fuzzy information? Today we know that many
AI functions have been integrated into the cloud, and the core online cloud can realize
multidimensionality for operators' air interface resources. Integration has become the trend of
the times.
The other is the generalized Internet of Things across terminals.
As we all know, in the intelligent transformation of industrial Internet and car networking, it is
necessary to establish a stable connection between multi-network systems and multi-terminals.
It can be said that it is the outpost of 5G applications and the experimental field of spectrum
sharing. At present, the policy has already planned to allocate some new frequency bands to
support its development. At the same time, under the premise of ensuring no radio interference,
the three operators are also using the existing network to carry out the NB-IoT (narrowband
Internet of Things) test. Future broadband system frequency sharing and management methods
may be the first to be born in this field, and the industry itself has the opportunity to taste the 5G
sweetness first.
The battle for spectrum may also extend to the more distant 6G construction. While spectrum
sharing really comes to reality from the technical blueprint, the support of the AI industry is
indispensable. And we are also in the trajectory of the city's smart upgrade step by step, and
gradually see the direction.