The Portuguese empire began in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta in Northern Africa. Under the support of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal explored the coast of Africa and discovered islands like the Azores. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening the sea route to India. Portugal established trading posts and conquered territories like Goa, establishing its dominance in Asia. However, conflicts with other European powers led to the decline of the Portuguese empire in the 17th century as it lost most of its Asian and South American colonies. By the 19th century, Brazil gained independence, marking the end of Portugal's global empire.

1. The Portuguese empire Anthony Knapp | Hist. 140

2. Early history of Portugal Portugal was first invaded by the Celts in the first milliem BC. The Romans invaded in 194 BC Then the Vandals invaded in the 5th Century AD In 711 the Moors of Northern Africa invaded the Iberian Peninsula. This started the Reconquista in both Spain and Portugal The Portugal’s Reconquista ended in 1250’s

3. History: After the Reconquista In 1411 Portugal formed a treaty of Ayllon with Castile The purpose was to continue the Crusade against the Muslims and in order gain the spoils of war from the port. Although it ended in failure due to the Muslims skipping that port and going to another port. This started the Portuguese Empire By the 1450’s Portugal was able to find a sea route to India and the rest of Asia They started to build forts and trading post Portugal conquered Goa in India and was able to create a foothold in Asia. In 1530’s Portugal started to colonized Brazil In 1580 Portugal and Spain merge due to the death of Portugal’s king Sebastian III who died heirless. Then the invasion of Spain that formed the Iberian Union that lasted till 1640. This mark the end of both Iberian Empires.

4. The Origin and early history of Portuguese empire Started in 1415 with the conquest in the of Ceuta on the northern tip of Northern Africa Although it was first thought as a failure in gaining more spoils of war It later a key point in exploring the African coast. This was supported by Prince Henry the Navigator who financing many expeditions along the African coast. Which discovered the Atlantic islands of Azores, Medira, and Canary Islands (1420-1427). In 1488 Bartoloumeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope on the Southern Tip of Africa During this process the Portuguese empire left trading posts along the coast of South After Columbus discovered the “New World”, which was thought to be Asia led to a dispute which led to the Treaty of Tordesillas (1492), which divide the world between Portugal and Spain

5. Portuguese empire (1495-1663) In 1500 Pedro Alvares Carbel sailed the same southwestern route and accidental discovered the coast of Brazil. Although during this time Portugal ignored the Americas and more focus on Southeast Asia and the Spice Trade In 1510 Portugal successful capture the port of Goa in India. Bu the 1560’s the Portuguese created a large network of trade post that Stretch form Portugal to Asia In1534 Portugal decided to colonize Brazil in order to defend the territory The original idea was to split Brazil into 15 capitanias to generate enough wealth to support a settlement. Although only two of the 15 survived, so the Portugal centralized the colony under the crown. The Dutch and Portuguese fought a war that lasted 1597-1663 resulted in the lost of Portugal trade in Asia.

6. Decline of the Portuguese Empire (1663-1822) In 1640 Portugal declared John IV to be king of Portugal This started the Portuguese Restoration War. This in turn Portugal lost nearly all its colonies in Asia, after giving all remaining colonies in India to the British Also Gave Ceuta to Spain in order to have Spain dissolve the Iberian Union so that Portugal to gain independence in 1668 In 1755 A earthquake struck Portugal that killed nearly half of its population In 1808 Napoleon invaded Portugal and in 1815 took Lisbon and force to have the royal family of Brazil 1821 the royal family came back, and in 1822 Brazil declare independence in a bloodless revolution.

7. The Portuguese Empire Legacy Out of the Portuguese Empire came forty-nine sovereign countries Also one of the longest colonial power that stretch from 1415 till 1999 with the return of Macau to China Also at it height of power Portugal occupied 7.2 % of the landmass in the world. Portuguese is the seventh largest language in the world.

8. Sources picture and articles “Reconquista” http://www.alamo.edu/pac/faculty/pmyers/hist132/1301Theme1.html