History of Architecture 3 Report by: Terce, Marcalas DLS-College of St. Benilde School of Architecture 3rd Term S.Y. 2015-16 June 2016

1. Malaysian
Architecture
Regine Carla P. Terce
DFR1A

2.  Peninsular Malaysia
 Sabah and Sarawak(East Malaysia)
 330,803 km2
 located on the Sunda shelf
 Tectonically inactive
 39.7%- Peninsular
 60.3%- East Malaysia

3.  Malaysia's geographical location protects
the country from most major natural
disasters. It is located on a seismically
stable plate that minimises direct risks
of earthquakes and volcanoes, is partially
protected from tsunamis by surrounding
landmasses, and is a rare target
for typhoons due its strategic location
outside tropical cyclone basins. However,
the country's tropical climate opens the
country to the risk
of flooding, landslides and
prolonged droughts.

5. Religion
 Islam
- predominant religion of the country
- state's official religion
- 60 % of malaysians
- 12th century by Indian traders
- 15th century: most malaysians were muslim

6.  Buddhism
- 19 % of their population
- Headquarters:
-Kuala Lumpur
-Selangor
- Mahayana
- Therevada

7.  Hinduism
- 9 % of Malaysia’s population
- Urban temples are often dedicated to a single deity.
- Rural temples are often home to many different
deities.
- Most temples follow the Saivite tradition from
Southern India.

8.  Christianity
- 10 % of the population of Malaysia
- mostly found in East Malaysia
- 15th century by Portuguese
- Christianity has become restricted as Malaysia has
become more Islamic.
- The city of Shah Alam

10. Malaysian Architecture
 Neo Moorish (Mughal)
- 20th century
- Great Britain
- Dataran Merdeka

12.  Tudor & Victorian
- Tudor:
- features large exposed wooden beams in half-
timbered walls.
- Neo-Gothic:
- exists in religious building built by the
colonial powers.
- Victorian:
- popular choice for the colonial powers to build
schools.

14.  Malay (Rumah Melayu)
- are traditional dwellings, originating before the
arrival of foreign or modern influences.
- constructed by the indigenous ethnic Malay of
the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo.
- timber and bamboo
- built without the use of metal including nails.
- Without nails, a timber house could be dismantled
and reconstructed in a new location.

15.  Parts:
1. Built on stilts
2. Have stairs
3. Partitioned rooms
4. Vernacular roof
5. Adorned with decoration

16.  Stilts
Most of Malay houses are built as Rumah
Panggung (lit: "stage house") houses built on stilts.
The main characteristic of a typical Malay
kampung house is its on stilts or piles. This was to
avoid wild animals and floods, to deter thieves, and
for added ventilation. In Sumatra, traditionally stilted
houses are designed to avoid dangerous wild animals,
such as snakes and tigers. While in areas located
close to big rivers of Sumatra and Borneo, the stilts
help to elevated house above flood surface. In parts
of Sabah, the number of dowry buffaloes could even
depend on the number of stilts there are in the bridal
family's home.

17.  Stairs
The traditional Malay house require stairs to reach
the elevated interior. Usually the stairs connected the
land front of the house to the serambi
(porch or verandah). Additional stairs might be found
on back of the house. The stairs can be made of wood
or brick structure covered with tiles.

18.  Rooms
A traditional Malay timber house usually in two
parts: the main house called Rumah Ibu in honour of
the mother (ibu) and the simpler Rumah Dapur or
kitchen annexe, which was separated from the main
house for fire protection.

19.  Roof
The roof of traditional Malay houses are designed to
provide shade and protection from heat and rain, as
well as to provide ventilation. The basic design of a
roof on a Malay house is gabled roof, an extended
frame with ornaments on the edges of the roof. The
vernacular Malay roof is best suited for hot and
humid tropical climates. An example of the gabled
roof can be found in the design of Rumah Lipat
Kajang. However a pyramidal styled pitched roof can
also be found on houses such as the Palembang
Rumah Limas.

20.  Decoration
Each Malay region, state or sub-ethnic groups has its
own regional or group style of house with preferred
details. However most of Malay houses have a
typical roof ornament, a crossed roof edge structure
forming "x"-like pinnacle ornament on the edge of
the roof. This kind of ornament can be found in
Lontik, Lipat Kajang and Limas styles.

22.  Islamic
With Islam being the official religion of Malaysia,
you’ll find Islamic architecture often in Kuala
Lumpur. Apart from actual mosques, there are many
subtle Islamic geometric patterns and motifs
designed into many structure.