History of Architecture 2
Report by: Group 1 (Leader: Camille Tecson)
DLS-College of St. Benilde
School of Architecture
2nd Term S.Y. 2015-16
January 2016
4. SETTING – THE CRUSADES
• Were a series of
religiously sanctioned
military campaigns
waged by western
Christian Europe
• Objective: To restore
Christian Control over the
Holy Land
• Effect: Brought about
different movements
resulting in “roman-like”
decoration of buildings
5. RELIGION
ACROSS EUROPE, THE LATE 11TH AND
12TH CENTURIES SAW AN
UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH IN THE
NUMBER OF CHURCHES
6. RELIGION IN THE MIDDLE AGES
• Christianity was the chief source of education
and culture.
• THE MONASTIC SYSTEM
– Religious became members of an order with
common ties and a common rule, living in a
mutually dependent community.
– Promoted new methods in agriculture.
– Exercised influence on architecture
7. • THE PILGRIMAGE
– Long trips to visit the relics of Saints
– Allowed for the exchange of ideas, including those
of architecture and construction.
– The Pilgrims’ way was filled with Romanesque
churches, monasteries, inns, and castles.
10. • Romanesque = “Roman- like”
• This style grew in those countries of Western
Europe which had been under the rule of
Rome.
• With the church as the unifying force, this
period was devoted to the glorification of
Christianity and the church was the
predominant building type.
11. CLIMATE AND MATERIALS
• Use of Local materials:
– Stone
– Brick
– Marble
– Terra-cotta
– Ready- made
columns
• Climactic conditions
contribute to differences of
treatment north and south
of the Alps & Pyrenees.
• North – Window openings
were enlarged
- High pitched roofs
South – small window
openings
- Flat Roofs
47. Questions
1. These were a series of religiously
sanctioned military campaigns waged by
western Christian Europe.
48. 2. These were long trips to visit the
relics of Saints
49. 3. Give 2 local materials used for
construction.
50. 4. Give 2 characteristics of
Romanesque Architecture.
51. 5. What is the literal meaning of
“Romanesque”?
52. sources
• Conant, Kenneth J., Carolingian and Romanesque Architecture: 800 to 1200 (4th,
illustrated, reprint ed.). Yale University Press. 1993. ISBN 978-0-300-05298-5
• V.I. Atroshenko and Judith Collins, The Origins of the Romanesque, Lund
Humphries, London, 1985, ISBN 0-85331-487-X
• Rolf Toman, Romanesque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Könemann,
(1997), ISBN 3-89508-447-6
• Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture on the Comparative method (2001).
Elsevier Science & Technology. ISBN 0-7506-2267-9.
• Alfred Clapham, Romanesque Architecture in England British Council (1950)
• Helen Gardner; Fred S. Kleiner, Christin J. Mamiya, Gardner's Art through the Ages.
Thomson Wadsworth, (2004) ISBN 0-15-505090-7.
• George Holmes, editor, The Oxford Illustrated History of Medieval Europe, Oxford
University Press, (1992) ISBN 0-19-820073-0
• René Huyghe, Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine and Medieval Art, Paul Hamlyn,
(1958)
• François Ischer, Building the Great Cathedrals. Harry N. Abrams, (1998). ISBN 0-
8109-4017-5.