The history of management can be traced back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and China where formal policies and rules were imposed. During the Renaissance and Reformation periods, ideas like mercantilism emerged which focused on buying low and selling high. The Industrial Revolution in the 18th century saw the rise of machine power over manual labor. Frederick Taylor's book in 1903 is considered the first scholarly work on modern scientific management principles. In the 19th century, theorists like Adam Smith and Eli Whitney contributed to the development of concepts like specialization, standardization, and cost accounting. By the 20th century, management had evolved into distinct branches including human resources, operations, strategy, marketing, finance, and information technology. Today, management is

1. Management - History Presented By :Arjun

6. Management arises in the US.