Targeted actions in bioenergy network – Part 1 CHP Potential from biomass - Task 3 AFB-NET- PART 1 FINAL REPORT

1. A L T E N E R P R O G R A M M E
Targeted actions in bioenergy network – Part 1
CHP Potential from biomass - Task 3
Sten Frandsen, Danish Technological Institute
Calliope Panoutsou, CRES
Eija Alakangas, VTT Energy
January 2001
AFB-NET- PART 1
FINAL REPORT
Steam Turbine
G
Power Output
Boiler
Air
Fuel Flue Gas
Useful Heat ΦT
Backpressure Steam
Heat Output of the Boiler ΦB
Power to Heat Ratio = P / ΦT
A L T E N E R P R O G R A M M E

2. AFB-net - Phase V
Targeted actions in bioenergy network - Part 1
CHP Potential from biomass - Task 3
DTI, Danish Technological Institute
Teknologieparken, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Tel. + 45 89 43 85 32, fax. + 45 89 43 85 43
CRES
19th km Marathonos Av, GR-190 09 Pikermi, Greece
Tel. + 30 1 60 39 900, fax. + 30 1 60 39 905, + 30 1 60 38 006
VTT Energy
P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
Tel. +358 14 672 611, fax. +358 14 672 550
http://afbnet.vtt.fi
January 2001

3. 3
1. Report of the activity
Two meetings were arranged by CRES in Greece and Danish Technological Institute in
Denmark arranged one meeting. The seminar called "CHP potentials for Greece" was
arranged by Danish Technological Institute in co-operation with CRES.
A more detailed description of the activities, which are carried out under the AFB V
Task 3 work programme, is as follows:
1.1 Energy crops and business opportunities
for biomass in Greece
The Meeting was held in Orestiada, the most North-East region of Greece, on 16th
February 2000. This event was organised by CRES in collaboration with the Unions of
Farmer Co-operatives of Orestiada.
The target groups that attended the seminar were agricultural engineers, farmers,
industry representatives and local authorities. In total, 155 people attended the seminar.
The aim of the meeting was to present the results and deliverables of the project EPER
189 “Demonstrative fields of sweet sorghum in Orestiada (Thrace, northern Greece)”
and to promote business opportunities for biomass in northern Greece.
Emphasis was also given to the potential of CHP plants in northern Greece using
residual biomass as a fuel.
The audience was also informed about the latest developments on energy crops and
bioenergy at National and EU level.
1.2 CHP market potential in Spain
According to the new political decisions, which recently have been made in Spain,
renewable energy shall cover 12% of the total energy consumption by the year 2012.
This indicates that the Spanish market can be interesting for the Nordic suppliers of
energy equipment.
Therefore, Mr. Jose Ramon from the Danish Embassy in Madrid, Spain, was invited to
give a lecture at a seminar held in Copenhagen the 31st
August 2000.

4. 4
At the seminar the market potential in Spain was presented and discussed.
Mr. Carbajosa gave an introduction on the existing and new legal measures which aim
at (or support) the use of biomass for energy. He also informed about the actual use of
biomass in Spain today and about how to make contact to relevant people, companies
and organisations within the field of biomass in Spain.
1.3 Biomass energy in Greece
The meeting was held in Lamia, central Greece, on 13th
October 2000.
The main objective of this event was to present the latest developments regarding
biomass energy schemes based on energy crops. Co-firing and CHP options were
discussed during the meeting in relation to the existing legislative and financial
framework in Greece.
This was organised by local authorities in the region of Lamia, central Greece. The
audience comprised agricultural engineers, representatives from the local authorities,
agro-industries and the farming community.
CRES, as the National Co-ordinator of AFB, was responsible for presenting the current
activities on Biomass at EU and National level as well as the latest developments
concerning CHP actions and energy crops projects in Greece.
1.4 CHP Potential for Greece
Introduction
The main objectives of the seminar were:
• To exchange information on the latest developments in the field of biomass fired
DH and CHP technologies.
• To identify the biomass sources in Greece and describe how the fuel can be used in
the Greek energy supply system.
• To define the present barriers which restrict the use of biomass in the energy supply.

5. 5
Minutes
The meeting started with an introduction by Mr. Sten Fradsen/ Danish Technological
Institute (DK). Mr. Frandsen presented the main objectives of AFB as a network since
1995:
• Detection and promotion of business opportunities
• Transfer of knowledge
• Co-operation between industry and institutes.
Ms E. Alexopoulou/ Biomass Department, CRES (GR), presented the biomass potential
in Greece.
Due to the favourable climatic conditions prevailing in Greece along with the diverse
topography of the region, several types of raw material could be exploited as biomass
fuels, being case and site specific.
Field agricultural residues (cereal straw, cotton stalks, corncobs, etc.)
Agro-industrial wastes and by-products (cotton ginning residues, rice husks, etc.)
Wood processing residues
Good potential for energy crops.
Afterwards, Mr. Frandsen in detail presented the current state of biomass technologies
in Denmark. Emphasis was given to the CHP and District Heating fuelled plants as well
as to the policies and support mechanisms concluding that:
“ Despite the fact that Denmark has had changing governments, parliamentary majority
and ministers of energy, the energy policy has followed a resource-based and
environmentally acceptable line”.
Mr. Petri Vaisanen, ELECTROWATT-EKONO (FIN), presented the promotion
programme of RES in Finland. The main aim is to double the percentage of 23% of
RES (in 1998) till 2010.
One very important aspect defined in his presentation was that by this increase they
expect approximately 10.000 new direct job possibilities in 2010.

6. 6
Mr George Markogianakis / Division of Energy policy and Planning/ CRES (GR)
presented the Legislative Framework and Financial Incentives for RES in Greece.
Although there is no central programme for biomass and waste exploitation for energy
in Greece, several sectional activities for the promotion of Renewable Energy Sources
(RES), the protection of the environment, the industrial development etc. are currently
being realised, in the framework of which proposals for biomass-to-energy projects
have been submitted and are being implemented.
The most significant of these programmes, namely the Operational Programme for
Energy the Development Law and the Greek Action Plan for the abatement of CO2
emissions, are listed in greater detail below.
The Operational Programme for Energy (? PE), part of the Community Support
Framework II, implemented through the Ministry of Development, provides public co-
financing to investments which are related to energy saving and/or applications of
renewable energy sources (RES) in Greece.
In particular, support to the following measures was provided:
A. Energy Saving (Measure 2.2 of OPE)
Energy saving in existing enterprises
Co-generation of Electricity and Heat
Substitution of Electricity or other Conventional Fuels with Natural Gas or
LPG in Existing Enterprises
B. Renewable Energy Sources (Measure 3.2 OF OPE)
The main objective of this Measure is to provide financial incentives for
the development of renewable energy source applications, including
biomass.
C. Financial incentives for energy projects in SMEs (Measure 2.3 of OPE)
The main objective of this action is to provide financial incentives to
certain groups of consumers, such as Small and Medium Enterprises
(SMEs), to promote energy saving applications and the use of more
environmentally friendly energy sources, incl. renewable energy sources

7. 7
(RES). Most specifically, it refers to small and medium manufacturing and
construction enterprises as well as to medium sized service providing
enterprises.
Development Law 2601/98, implemented through the Ministry for National Economy,
provides financial incentives (in the form of capital subsidy) to private investments all
over Greece. In this context, investments in RES are also considered eligible for funding
and various proposals for their promotion have been submitted in the past. Subsidy
percentages on the total investment budget range from 15% to 40% according to
different regions. The lower limit of private contribution to the above investments is
classified according to the region where the project will be established and ranges from
15% to 40%.
The Greek Action Plan for the abatement of CO2 emissions. RES in general and
biomass and waste in particular are expected to make a marked contribution to the
abatement of CO2 emissions further to the commitments undertaken by the Greek
government at the Earth Summit in Kyoto (December 1997) to maintain the increase of
the CO2 emissions at 25% by 2010 (a proposal to be ratified by the Greek Parliament).
Hence, the advancement of bioenergy applications is expected to have a particularly
favourable impact on regional development and contribute directly or indirectly to
employment possibilities.
More specifically, in the Greek Action Plan for Climate Change (published by the
Ministry of Environment, February 1995) the prospects for biomass seemed particularly
interesting foreseeing the reinforcement of new techniques and systems (e.g. district
heating) to be used for the production of industrial heat or electricity.
Mr. Michalis Karagiorgas, Industry Department, CRES (GR), presented the develop-
ment of the solar energy market in Greece emphasising that it has mainly been
developed due to the applied tax reductions.
Afterwards, he presented the Joint European Venture, a financial incentive for SMEs, in
Europe. This project has been applied successfully to the solar energy market and could
also be applied in the biomass sector.
Mr. A. Hjornholm, Danstoker (DK), presented the company’s activities in the field of
CHP and District Heating with boilers ranging from 100 kW to 50 MW. They are also
involved in R&D activities with a biofuel boiler, which is used for testing and demon-
stration purposes.

8. 8
Dr. Ioannis Bookis, Technical Support Division (GR), presented the activities on CHP
production fuelled with biomass in Greece.
14 CHP plants in industries which usually sell the surplus of electrical power to PPC
(auto-producers according to 2244/94).
Total installed capacity: 222.8 MWe
All the produced electrical power (approximately 800 GWh/ year) was sold to Public
Power Corporation
The fuel used is crude oil and only one of them uses biomass (cotton ginning residues).
Given the current policy and support mechanisms, investment on CHP and District
Heating projects could obtain up to 50% subsidies on capital costs.
Mr. George Kamidis, Filipopoulos S.A. (GR), presented industrial units using biomass
as fuel in order to cover their heat demands. In detail, information was presented on:
• a parquet plant
• a laminating plant, and
• a cotton ginning factory.
Mr K. E. Nielsen, Dantrim (DK), presented information on the project of Wembley
School, (UK) as well as on the design of clean and non-polluting systems.
Mr. Petri Vaisanen, ELECTROWATT-ECONO (FIN), presented the necessary steps
which should be followed in connection with consultancy work for the development of
CHP and District Heating with biomass fuel.
Bioenergy can be a very difficult field to develop so it is rather important for the
consultant to bring some added value to the project.
Mr. Arne Backlund. AB Backlund (DK), presented the results of the FAIR project:
“Biomass Short Rotation Willow Coppice Irrigated and Fertilised with Municipal
Wastewater (BWCW)”. The aim of this research project is to evaluate and develop the
positive effects of irrigation of willow-to-energy plantations with municipal wastewater.

9. 9
1.5 Conclusions of the activity
The main target groups that attended the seminar were equipment suppliers, boiler
manufacturers, energy planners and local authorities, utilities and energy co-ordination
bodies.
Equipment suppliers - Boiler manufacturers
In Greece, there are a few boiler manufactures while most of the companies import
equipment from Scandinavian countries – mainly from Denmark.
However, since biomass potential in the country presents a wide variability (field
agricultural residues, agro-industrial wastes, forestry residues) both the suppliers and the
manufacturers were very keen to receive further information on the physico-chemical
analyses of the different biomass types as well as on their fuel properties.
Energy planners and local authorities
This target group is by far considered to be the most important when it comes to
planning and decision making. They were very interested in the wider benefits of CHP
and District Heating systems for rural communities in Greece. Their main concern,
however, focused on issues of:
Economic viability of the above schemes in order to ensure long-term planning.
Current and future financial incentives will help private investors.
Appropriate legislative framework that would favour the development of RES in
general and especially biomass.
Utilities and energy co-ordination bodies
State-owned firms have historically dominated energy markets in Greece, but this
pattern is currently changing. A structural reform has currently embarked with the aim
to increase private participation in the energy sector.
Recently, the legal framework for introducing competition in electricity supply is under
final preparation, arrangements for regional gas distribution companies are being
finalised and firms for the franchises are being selected, and a partial privatisation of the
state Petroleum Company is being implemented.

10. 10
Main barriers for further development
The main barriers for the development of CHP and DH plants in Greece as they were
identified during the meeting are as follows:
• Not well-structured heat market (district heating-cooling, greenhouse heating,
industrial heating)
• Insufficient data on biomass potential at local and regional level
• Economic assessments on the different types of biomass fuels existing in the country
• A few demonstration, pilot units
• Targeted information/dissemination activities

11. 11
2. Potential of biomass CHP in EU-member
countries
VTT Energy has passed a questionnaire to the national co-ordinators of AFB-net to find
out the current biomass CHP capacity and potential for the future, expecially if the
target of Campaign Take-Off (10 000 MWth biomass CHP) could be possible to meet. It
was difficult to get clear answer to this question. Many countries have set targets for
year 2010, but not specific targets for CHP. In table 1 and in next pages some comments
from the countries are available.
Table 1. Biomass in CHP plants in 1998, 2003 and 2010
Country Biomass CHP
boiler output,
MWth,1998
Electricity, MWe,
and heat MWth
1998
Biomass CHP
MWth increase
from 1998 to
2003
Biomass CHP
(boiler MWth)
Increase from 1998
to 2010
Remarks
Austria 321 Forest industry plants, In 1998 1.5 TWh
biomass was used in electricity production
Belgium 330* NA NA NA *Pulp and paper industry
Denmark 695 170 MWe
420 MWth
135 MWth 500 MWth See page 12
Finland 8 100* 1 600 MWe
5 000 MWth
N.A +3 000 MWth**
(860 MWe/
1690 MWth)
* multifuel plants mainly (estimated for wood)
**Increase from 1997 to 2010 (wood and
peat)
France NA 300 MWe*
1200-1600
MWth**
NA 150-250 MWth *mainly industrials plants:
- sugarcane industry (fuel: bagasse, coal)
pulp and paper industry (fuel: black liquor,
barks, sludge, natural gas)
** estimation
Germany 400 MWe 25% increase
from 1997
Average biomass CHP plant size 500 kWe
Greece 0.69 MWe
179 MWth
20.4 MWe
91 MWth
Increase from 1997 to 2010 app. 20 MWe
and 90 MWh.
Ireland 0 0 30 to 70 MWe Up to 600 MWe
possible
An electricity price of 5p to 6p per kWh of
electricity produced (or equivalent supports)
are required to reach these potential figures
Italy 5051 154 MWe
1
230 MWth
1
707 MWth
2
(226 MWe
340 MWth)
7200 MWth
2
(2300 MWe
3450 MWth)
1 Plants connected to the electricity network
mainly fed with residual lignocellulosic
biomass (data provided by ENEA)
2 Extrapolation of ITABIA based on the
Italian White Paper on RES and assuming
the same structural situation as in 1998)
Spain 484 145 MWe
453 MWth
N/A 1708 MWe
5300 MWth
Data of potential plants (2010) are based on
the Spanish Promotion Plan on RES,
assuming that all the power plants will be
CHP Plants.
Sweden 308 MWe
710 MWth
+164 MWe 1 TWh biomass used in electricity production
by CHP plants
UK 75.4 MWth
15.3 MWe
N/A 213 MWe,
600 MWth
Potential plants (2010) are assumed to be
co-generation plants in industry, using
energy crops and solid biomass residues.
Limited support measure assumed.
EU-target 10 000 MWth

12. 12
Austria
Günther Simader, EVA & Josef Rathbauer, BLT
Austria is specialised in small-scale district heating technology and more than 150
plants are in operation. Electricity production from biomass fuels is mainly being
performeed by the pulp and paper industry. In this sector operates 10 plants producting
around 1 300 GWh per year mainly for autoconsumption purposes (total boiler output
320 MWth) fulled by biomass. There is one gasification units in Austria (Zeltweg).
Some refurbisment activities are being planned for the existing district heating plants to
upscale them to CHP units.
Belgium
Michel Temmerman, ERBE
Cogeneration in an integrated chemical pulp unit in Cellulose des Ardennes
Production of Kraft chemical pulp (700t/j) and of paper.
Updated global investment : ± 1 milliard of American dollars
Problem: To develop lignocellulosic residues and black liquor to aim at the energy
autonomy.
Characteristics of the energy unit
The feedstock is made up of almost all leafy species.
One ton of dry matter provides
- 47 % of pulp ;
- 38 to 39 % of organic matter in the black liquor (14 % of losses) ;
- 11 % of dry matter from barks and wood waste.
The energy needs are estimated at 20,2 GJ and 769 kW respectively per ton of
anhydrous pulp.

13. 13
Fuels :
- barks are sorted, crushed and stocked before being used ;
- black liquors are concentrated in Kestner evaporators to reach a 65 % dry matter
rate.
Boilers :
- 2 Babcock of 17 t/h and 30 t/h ;
- 3 Stein : 800, 450 and 300 tMS/J.
- 3 ACEC turbo-alternators : 8,0, 12,5 and 26,65 MW.
Economic and energy interest
- To develop residues while ensuring an energy autonomy. The needs are 85 %
covered by residues, the fuel being only used if turbo-alternators stop or to start
the boilers.
- The energy unit investment is in the order of 200 M of $US.
- The barks conditioning system (calibration) has been developed so as to reach an
optimal
- energy conversion.
Production of steam in an integrated C.T.M.P. pulp manufacture KNP Belgïe N.V.
Production of 400 t/j of pulp for a global investment of about 100 M $US.
Problem: To develop residues while reducing the energy dependence which is an
important component of the cost price.
Characteristics of the energy unit
The feedstock of the unit is made up of about 80 % of spruce and 20 % of poplar. 70 %
of the wood is purchased as sawmill chips and 30 % as logs from clearing.
The yield represents about 95 % regarding sorted chips.

14. 14
Residues are made up of
- 5 % of dissolved organic matter: methanisation ;
- 13 % of barks on logs : herbicide covering and composting ;
- 2 % of small chips and fines for the manufacturing of agglomerated panels.
Annual waste quantity : 2 000 t/year and the energy needs : 2 300 kWh/t of pulp.
Methanization unit : production of 10 m3
of gas/t of pulp, burned together with natural
gas (Man and Wanson boiler) for the production of steam used for the drying of paper.
Economic and energy interest: 20 % economy on the energy consumption.
Investment : 6,5 M $US for methanisation ; 3 M $US for the steam recuperation.
Future of CHP in Belgium
The future projects will concern two categories: big units with boilers and turbines and
small units with gasification and engine. It is not possible to assess now the total power
which will be installed.
Denmark
Sten Frandsen, DTI
The above figures only include 100 % wood and/or straw fired CHP plants. CHP plants
fuelled with municipal waste or fossil fuels are not included.
The increase of use of biomass till year 2005 will be pursued by the following means:
The utility companies are obliged to burn 1.0 million tonnes of straw, 0.2 million tonnes
of wood chip and a free choice of minimum 0.2 million tonnes of straw, wood chips or
willow chips. At the moment the Danish utilities are consuming approx. 680,000 tonnes
of straw and 100,000 tonnes of wood chips.
Denmark has around 100 district heating plants fired with biomass. According to the
latest energy plan 40 of these will be converted to CHP production before the year 2005
and the rest after year 2005. The 100 district heating plants cover 20% the total market
for district heating in Denmark.

15. 15
In short, the technological and commercial development of small-scale CHP has been
slower than expected. The energy plan has therefore been amended and is now
stipulating that the conversion shall not take place before year 2005 but when the
conversion is technologically and economically feasible. At the moment 4 plants have
been converted.
Finland
Eija Alakangas, VTT Energy
q Wide range in biomass CHP capacity (from 10 – 580 MWth boiler).
q Most of the plants are cofiring plants, and wood biomass is used mainly with peat.
q World´s biggest biomass CHP plant is under construction; Alholmens Kraft using
annually 3.5 TWh (Wood 40%, Peat 45%, and REF, coal 15%) and the plant will
start-up in 2001 in Pietarsaari (table 2).
q Several retrofits of existing CHP plants (to fluidised bed combustion) to increase use
of wood biomass.
q Increase of biomass CHP from 1997 to 2010 is about 3 000 MW th as calculated in
fuel use (table 2).
q Use of solid wood fuels in 1997 was 1.59 Mtoe (excluding domestic use) and the
expected increase from 1997 to 2010 is about 0.85 Mtoe, and then the total use will
be about 2.4 Mtoe (excluding domestic use).
Table 2. New biomass CHP plants in Finland from 1997 to 2010*.
Plant type Number of plants Electricity output,
MWe
Heat output MWth Boiler output, MWth
(calculated as fuel)
Municipal CHP
plants
14 225 540 890
Municipal DH plants 74 0 240 275
Industrial CHP
plants
13 395 990 1 600
Industrial steam
boilers
6 0 85 100
Alholmens Kraft 1 240 160 580
Total 108 860 2 015 3 450
* plants are mainly multifuel plants using also peat and part of the plants are retrofits of existing biomass plants.

16. 16
France
Christophe Barel, ADEME
In the perspective of 2010, biomass CHP production goals are:
q to equip steam turbine on existing biomass urban DH plants (capacity >5 MWth )
q to equip CHP plants on existing pulp and paper industry
q to retrofit some fossil fuel power stations in cofiring plants
q to implement new biomass CHP plants with a heat valorisation (urban district
heating, industrial process)
The last measure is the only one, which will permit to install new plants and then raise
the national part of heat production from biomass (150-250 MWth)
The main objective to be reach is to double the national power production: total impact
of these actions is evaluated at 2 TWhe (either an electric capacity of 280 MWe).
Actually 1.5 TWhis produced in industrials plants (sugarcane 190 MWe, pulp and paper
100 MWe)
Germany
Birger Kerckow, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e.V.
q Public CHP-plants in 1997: 585 plants, capacity 11459 MWe
q Industry CHP in 1997: capacity 7466 MWe
q Small scale CHP (BHKW) 1998: 5755 plants, capacity 6661 MWe (Voss 2000,
p.13)
Biomass CHP in Germany
q Heat 1997: 13410 GWh from solid biomass, 500 GWh from gaseous biomass
(including sewage sludge)
q Electricity 1997: 919 CHP plants with an installed capacity of 400 MWe.

17. 17
q 879 GWh electricity produced by biomass fed into the public grid; 179 GWh from
solid and 700 GWh from gaseous or liquid biomass.
q Average installed capacity of biomass CHP plant: 500 kW
q Average installed capacity of fossil fuel CHP plant: 150 MW!!! (Fischer and
Kaltschmitt 2000, p. 174)
Future development of CHP in Germany
The recent liberalisation of the electricity market has led to a stagnation and even
reduction of CHP in Germany. Politically, CHP is highly desired and one of the
elements of the German Climate Protection programme. The share of electricity from
CHP shall double by 2010. Legislation to achieve this is till pending (suggested
measures quotas, price supplements etc.).
Currently biomass based CHP plants are mainly in the forest industries, which makes it
very difficult to obtain data. Outside these industries, biomass can hardly compete
against fossil energy carriers. The Renewable Energy Act from April 2000 sets
guaranteed prices for electricity from renewables may help.
Voss (2000, p.24) estimates for 2005 9,4 PJ solid biomass and 0,6 TWh net electricity
production (nearly twice the amount from 1997); for biogas 9,8 PJ and 0,9 TWh
electricity (25 % increase to 1997).
Greece
Calliope Pamoutsou, CRES Biomass Department
• Small to medium scale installations (from 4.6 to 20 MWth)
• Wide range of biofuels (cotton ginning residues, prunnings, biogas)
• Increase from 1997 to 2010 app. 20 MWe and app. 90 MWth

18. 18
Table 3. Biomass CHP plants in Greece in 1998
Plant type Number of plants Electricity Output
(MWe)
Heat Output (MWth)
Municipal CHP plants 1 0.19 0.23
Municipal DH plants 1 0 1.4
Industrial CHP plants 1 0.50 2.1
Industrial steam boilers 55 0 175.5
Total 58 0.69 179.23
Table 4. New biomass CHP plants in Greece from 1997 to 2010*
Plant type Number of plants Electricity Output (MWe) Heat Output (MWth)
Municipal CHP plants 1 13 13
Municipal DH plants 1 0 20
Industrial CHP plants 1 7.4 8
Industrial steam boilers 6 0 49
Total 9 20.4 90
* Most of these plants are currently working and the rest have signed contracts to start working by December 31st,
2000. No further projections have been made at the moment.
Ireland
Kevin Healion, TRBDI
The Irish Bioenergy Association has estimated that 65 MWe of electrical generation
capacity could be installed in the period 2000 to 2010 if reasonable prices were offered
under the AER for electricity generation from wood (see table 4). It should be noted that
the two wood gasification project in Northern Ireland secured NFFO contracts at just
under 7 pennies per kWh (1 Irish £ is 0.787564 €).
Table 4. Electricity capacity in Ireland.
Dates Price per kWh required
p/kWh (€-cents/kWh)
Capacity Likely to be Installed (MWe)
Wood Industry
Residues
Short Rotation
Forestry and Forest
Residues
2000 to 2004 6p (7.6) 20 10
2005 to 2010 5p (6.3) 15 20
Total Potential Installed Capacity from 2000 to 2010 estimated at 65 MWe

19. 19
Italy
Basic data provided by P.Menna, ENEA/Portici
In 1998 the Italian gross internal consumption of energy has reached 180 Mtoe, while
the electricity demand was 279 TWh. The overall contribution of RES was 11.5 Mtoe,
excluding the contribution of firewood, the figures of which are under revision.
The CHP plants, using wood and other types of woody residual biomass (excluding
MSW) are not widely diffused, and the operational data are affected by high
uncertainties. Normally, the CHP plants, especially those connected to the electricity
network, are characterised by a poor exploitation of heat and low yearly operating
hours. The extrapolation to the next ten-year period is based on the National White
Paper on RES prepared by the Ministry of Industry, and assuming that the performances
of the new plants are nearly the same as in 1998. 41 district heating plants with an
overall capacity of 55 MWth are in operation. A new power plant having a capacity of
17.5 MWe has been inaugurated on April 2000 in the Friuli Region, and a bigger one,
having a capacity of 35 MWe, has been planned for the South of Italy, and now it is in
the phase of evaluation and feasibility study
Netherlands
No answer.
Portugal
No answer.
Spain
Carlos Fernández López, IDAE
q Nowadays wide range in biomass capacity (from 0,5 – 35 MWe).
q Most of the plants are related to pulp and paper industry. Several kinds of biomass
are used: from bark and chips to black liquor. There is only one plant using cofiring
technologies (La Pereda, Asturias).
q Increase of electricity from biomass from 1999 to 2010 is about 5.1 Mtoe.

20. 20
q It is expected that most part of the new power and CHP plants will use energy crops
(as in the new projects CECSA and BIOMAP in Burgos and Huesca).
q In 2001-2002 the use of straw as biofuel in a biomass power plant will start with the
Navarra Biomass Plant.
q Data related to expected results in 2010 are shown in the Spanish Promotion Plan
for Renewable Energies (1999-2010).
Sweden
1 TWh biomass was used for electricity production in CHP plants during 1999. The
installed capacity is 308 MWe and 710 MWth. Until 2002 further 164 MWe will be
installed.
United Kingdom
Andrew Lamb, AEA Technology (ETSU)
Currently there is only one large solid biomass CHP plant in the UK (at a paper mill in
Scotland). There are also two smaller plants in Northern Ireland (these use 300 kWe and
510 kWth).
It is probable that the main potential for use of biomass CHP in the UK is for the
industrial market (timber, paper and food processing). CHP is not well-accepted in the
UK domestic market.
The potential for the use of biomass CHP is quite high (around 855 MWe). However,
this is unlikely to be realised due to the cheap price of alternative fuels. Biomass CHP is
only competitive with fossil fuelled CHP where biomass processing residues are
available for low cost use as fuel. Energy crops and other types of biomass will need
additional measures to make them competitive with fossil fuelled CHP. The estimate for
2010 (213 MWe) assumes the introduction of limited support measures, which would
enable 25% market penetration to be achieved. Factors such as the climate change levy
and enhanced capital allowances may stimulate interest in industry, but we do not have
firm data on this at the moment.

21. NATIONAL AND ACTIVITY CO-ORDINATORS OF AFB-NET
VTT Energy
Eija Alakangas (co-ordinator)
P.O. Box 1603, FIN-40101 Jyväskylä, Finland
Tel.+ 358 14 672 550, Fax. + 358 14 672 598
eija.alakangas@vtt.fi, www.vtt.fi/ene
Pirkko Vesterinen (Import-Export possibilities of
biomass and fuel prices - activity)
Tel.+358 14 672 715, Fax. +358 14 672 749
pirkko.vesterinen@vtt.fi, www.vtt.fi/ene
BLT, Bundesanstalt für Landtechnik
Josef Rathbauer (newsletter)
Rottenhauserstraße 1, A-3250 Wieselburg, Austria
Tel.+43 7416 52175-43,
Fax.+43 7416 52175-45
josef.rathbauer@blt.bmlf.gv.at, www.blt.bmlf.gv.at
Equipe Régionale Biomass-Energie ERBE ASBL
Michel Temmerman
146, Ch. de Namur, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
Tel. + 32 81 61 25 01, fax + 32 81 61 58 47
temmerman@cragx.fgov.be
www.cragx.fgov.be/english/dep5/index.html
DTI, Danish Technological Institute
Sten Frandsen (CHP potential from biomass –
activity)
Teknologieparken,DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Tel. + 45 89 43 85 32, Fax. + 45 89 43 85 43
Sten.Frandsen@teknologisk.dk
http://www.teknologisk.com/
ADEME
Barel Christophe
2, Square Lafayette BP 406,F-49004 Angers, France,
tel. + 33 2 41 20 43 20
fax.+ 33 2 41 20 43 01
christophe.barel@ademe.fr, http://www.ademe.fr
FNR,Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe
Birger Kerckow
Hofplatz 1, D-18276 Gülzow, Germany
Tel. +49 3843 69 30-125,
fax.+ 49 3843 69 30-102
b.kerckow@fnr.de, http://www.fnr.de
CRES
Calliope Panoutsou (CHP potential from biomass –
activity)
ppanouts@cres.gr
19th km Marathonos Av,GR-190 09 Pikermi, Greece
Tel. + 30 1 60 39 900,
fax. + 30 1 60 39 905, + 30 1 60 38 006
Efi Alexopoulou (NC)
http://www.cres.gr/kape/index_uk.htm
TRBDI, Biomass Unit, Tipperary Rural and Business
Development Institute
Kevin Healion (100 % RES – activity)
Thurles, Co. Tipperary, Ireland.
Tel. +353-504 28 105, fax.+353-504-28111
khealion@trbdi.ie, http://www.trbdi.ie/
ITABIA
Giuseppe Caserta
Via C. Colombo 185, I-00147 Roma, Italy
Tel. +39 06 51 22 792, fax. +39 06 51 60 12 02
mc9898@mclink.it or itabia@mclink.it
http://w3.energ.polimi.it/ITABIA/hp.html
NOVEM
Arjan de Zeeuw
Catharijnesingel 59, PO Box 8242
3503 RE Utrecht, Netherlands
Tel. + 31 30 239 3587, Fax. + 31 30 2316491
a.de.zeeuw@novem.nl, http://www.novem.nl
CBE
Teresa Almeida/Rui Ribeiro
Apartado 49, P-3220 Miranda Do Corvo, Portugal
Tel.+ 351 239 532 436, fax. + 351 239 532 452
cbe@mail.telepac.pt
IDAE
Carlos Fernández López, Paseo de la Castellana
95-Planta 21, E-28046 Madrid,Spain
Tel.+34 91 456 4939, fax. +34 91 555 13 89
Carlosfer@idea.es, http://www.qsystems.es/idae/
STEM, Swedish National Energy Administration
Lena Öfverbeck
P.O. Box 310, SE-63104 Eskilstuna, Sweden
Tel. +46 16 544 2000, + 46 16 544 2113
Fax. +46 16 544 2261
lena.ofverbeck@stem.se,www.stem.se/english.html
AEA Technology plc, ETSU
Keith Richards, Andrew Lamb (100 % RES – activity)
Harwell, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RA
United Kingdom
Tel. +44 1235 43 3586, fax. +44 1235 43 3990
keith.richards@aeat.co.uk,
andrew.lamb @aeat.co.uk
www.aeat.co.uk/corporate/expetise/etsu.htm
The Commission of the European Communities
Emmanuel Xenakis
DG TREN,Rue de Mot, N 24-26
B-1040 Bruxelles, Belgium
Tel.+ 32 2 295 5135, fax. + 32 2 296 6283
emmanuel.xenakis@cec.eu.int
http://europa.eu.int/en/comm/dg17/altener.htm