wHAT IS PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION

1. Presentation Topic
Prejudice and
Discrimination
Scholar’s Name: Arshad Iqbal.
Teacher’s Name: Dr Sami Ullah.
Subject: Social Psychology
AIOU Islamabad Mphil ETE
Batch 03

2. Definitions
Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect attitude
(usually negative) towards an individual based
solely on the individual’s membership of a social
group.
For example, a person may hold prejudiced views
towards a certain race or gender etc. (e.g. sexist).
Discrimination is the behavior or actions, usually
negative, towards an individual or group of people,
especially on the basis of sex/race/social class, etc.

3. Difference Between Prejudice and
Discrimination
A prejudiced person may not act on their attitude.
Therefore, someone can be prejudiced towards a
certain group but not discriminate against them.
Also, prejudice includes all three components of an
attitude (affective, behavioral and cognitive),
whereas discrimination just involves behavior.

4. The word comes from the Latin "pre"
(before) and "judge". Prejudice :is a
negative emotional attitude held toward
members of a specific social group.
What is prejudice?

5. • Prejudice is an unjustified or incorrect
attitude (usually negative) towards an
individual based solely on the individual’s
membership of a social group.
For example:
1 Prejudices may be reflected in the
policies of schools, businesses,
2 police departments, or governments.
3 A person may hold prejudiced views
towards a certain race or gender etc.

6. How do prejudices develop?
One major theory suggests that
prejudice is a form of scapegoating
(blaming a person or a group for the
actions of others or for conditions
not of their making).

7. Types of Prejudice
• Racism
• Gender
• Classicism
• Homophobia
• Religious prejudice

8. Racism
Racism is the attitude that people of a
certain race are inferior. People with
this attitude tend to treat people from
this supposed inferior race badly. It may
even lead to murder. E.g. Brahma are
superior than Shudra in Hindu cast
system

9. Gender
 If a person is discriminated against because of their gender
(that is, whether they are male or female), this is called
sexism. It has been common in the past for women to be
discriminated against by men who have the power to do
this.
 This has led to women being left to look after the home
while their husbands have done ‘more important things’.
As a result, many women have been denied the chance to
develop and use their talents for the good of all.

10. Classism
 a biased on distinctions made between social
 classism, is prejudice on the basis of social class. It includes
individual attitudes, behaviors, systems of policies and
practices that are set up to benefit the upper class at the
expense of the lower class
 Social class refers to the grouping of individuals in a
hierarchy based on wealth, income, education, occupation,
and social network or economic classes

11. Homophobia
This is when a person feels they
are discriminated against
because they are from
unacceptable profession like
begging and robbing

12. Religious prejudice
• Although all religions teach about love, sometimes
their attitudes towards other religions are prejudice.
•This comes from an opinion that their religion is
superior.
•Religious prejudice, however, can also happen when a
person with no religious beliefs is prejudiced against
one or all religions.

13. Why are people prejudiced ?
• They may have had a bad experience at the
hands of someone from the group that they are
prejudiced against.
• A victim of prejudice themselves.
• Learned attitudes from the home.
• Lack of education.
• A group may be used as ‘scapegoats’. This
means that they are blamed for a particular
problem and are mistreated as a result

14. Ways to reduce Prejudice
• Social psychologist believe that stereotyping and
prejudice are not inevitable. Yet under the right
conditions, prejudice toward particular groups can be
reduced.
• Therefore, we now turn to some of the techniques that
they have developed in their attempts to reduce
prejudice

15. ON LEARNING NOT TO HATE
• Children acquire prejudiced attitudes
from their parents.
Strongly identify with their parents
Participating in institutions
Having peers that justify discrimination
Help to maintained prejudice attitude.

16. RECATEGORIZATION:
CHANGING THE BOUNDARIES •
Shifts in the boundaries between our in-
group (‘”us”) and some out-group
(“them”). As a result, people formerly
viewed as out-group members may now
be viewed as belonging to the in-group
and consequently are viewed more
positively.

17. SOCIAL INFLUENCE AS A MEANS OF
REDUCING PREJUDICE
• Social influence plays an important role in
both the maintenance and reduction of
prejudice.
• If people can be induced to believe that
their prejudiced views are “out of line” with
those of most other people – especially those
they respect- they may well change those
views toward a less prejudiced

18. Discrimination
• The definition of discrimination is the act of prejudice against
a person because they have a certain set of characteristics.
Discriminated characteristics can include disability, age, gender
reassignment, religion, race, sex and sexual orientation.
• Discrimination can take many forms but in many countries
around the world there are laws prohibiting any form of
discrimination.

19. Type of discrimination
• Racial and ethnic discrimination
• Discrimination on the basis of
nationality
• Sexual orientation discrimination
• Religious discrimination
• Disability discrimination
• Employment discrimination

20. Racial and ethnic discrimination
 In South Africa Apartheid was a system
of racial segregation that was enforced in
South Africa from 1948 to 1994.
Non-white people where prevented from
voting and lived in separate communities.

21. Discrimination on the basis of nationality
 • National origin discrimination involves treating
people (applicants or employees) unfavorably
because they are from a particular country or part
of the world, because of ethnicity or accent, or
because they appear to be of a certain ethnic
background.

22. Sexual orientation discrimination
It is discrimination based on a person's sex or gender. Sexism can affect
anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls. It has been linked to
stereotypes and gender roles, and may include the belief that one sex or
gender is intrinsically superior to another.
Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of
sexual violence.
Gender discrimination may encompass sexism, and is discrimination
toward people based on their gender identity or their gender or sex
differences. Gender discrimination is especially defined in terms of
workplace inequality. It may arise from social or cultural customs and
norms.

23. Religious discrimination
valuing or treating a person or group differently
because of what they do or do not believe or
because of their feelings towards a given religion

24. Disability discrimination
• Discrimination against people with disabilities in favor of
people who are not is called ableism or disables Disability
discrimination, which treats non-disabled individuals as the
standard of ‘normal living’, results in public and private
places and services, education, and social work that are built
to serve 'standard' people, thereby excluding those with
various disabilities

25. Employment discrimination
Employment discrimination occurs when an
individual is adversely discriminated against due to
any number of factors, including race, skin color,
national origin, gender, disability, religion, or age.
Here's information on the various types of
employment discrimination that happens in hiring
and the workplace.

26. THANK YOU
Sir,
Dr Sami Ullah.
For educating and enabling me to present this
presentation