notes

1. LE CORBUSIER
 Born: 6 October 1887, La Chaux-de-Fonds,
Switzerland
 Died: 27 August1965, Roquebrune-Cap-
Martin, France
 On view: San Francisco Museum ofModern
Art, MORE
 Periods: Cubism, Expressionism
PHILOSOPHY OF LECORBUSIER
 Le Corbusier was instrumental in the
creation of the International Style. This was
a movement defined byrectilinear forms,
open interiors and 'weightless'structures.
Le Corbusier laid outthese tenets in his
five principles ofnewarchitecture,
published in 1927. He advocated:
 The Pilotis – a grid ofcolumns to replace
load-bearing walls, allowing architects to
make more use offloorspace.
 Free floor plans – flexible living spaces that
could adapt to changing lifestyles, thanks to
the absence of load-bearingwalls.
 Roof gardens – a flat roofcovered in
vegetation, which keeps moisture consiste
nt
and regulates temperature.
 Horizontal windows – cutthrough non load-
bearing walls, these strips provide even light
and panoramicviews.
 Free facades – open and closed sections
that allow the facade to activelyconnect or
separate interior and exterior design
elements.
 Le Corbusier’s philosophy was as much
about function as form. Much ofhis work
center on how good architecture can affect
social landscapes too.
Frank Lloyd Wright
 Frank Lloyd Wright was an American
architect, born in Richland Center,
Wisconsin, on June 8, 1867.
 Died in Phoenix, Arizona, on April 9, 1959, at
the age of 91.
 Also designed many of the interior elements
of his buildings, such as the furniture and
stained glass.
 Recognized in 1991 by the American
Institute of Architects as “the greatest
American architect of all time”.
Philosophy
 He created the philosophy ofOrganic
architecture, which maintains that the
buildingmustdevelop outofits
surroundings.
 The philosophy grew from the ideas of F.L.
wright’s mentor, Louis Sullivan, who
believed that “form follows function”.
 But Wright argued that “form and function
are one”.
 Organic architecture strives to integrate
space into a unified whole.
 F.L. Wright was not concerned with
architectural style,
 because he believed that every building
should grownaturallyfrom its environment.
 His other philosophies were: -built
appropriately to climate -each building built
to accommodate
 the lifestyle of the inhabitant’s way oflife
and needs. - Details of thebuilding were the
materials themselves.
Principal
• Organic colors
• Simple geometric shapes
• Integration of building with natural
surroundings
• Strong horizontal lines
• Hidden entries
• Use of natural materials likebricks, stone
, &
wood
• Use of textures concrete
• Designs that blend well in theirenvironme
nt
• Focused more on residential designs
Works
 Falling Water,Wright’s Home& Studio,Robie
House, Chicago
VLADIMIR TATLIN
 Russian Architect, Painter, and Sculptor.
 Born: December 28, 1885 – Kharkiv, Russian
empire.
 Died: mMay31, 1953 – Moscow, Russia
 Movements and styles: constructivism
 Gatlin attended the MoscowSchool of
Painting, Sculpture, and Architecture from
1902 to 1904.
 Early Training:
 Having copied religious frescoes when he
was young, he began formal artistictraining
as an icon painter in 1902.
 Many of the stylisticprinciples employed in
icon painting and Russian folk art traditions -
the peasant woodcut, or lubok, for instance
had a solid and lasting impact on Tatlin
throughout his career.
 He belonged to a group ofartists whose
work addressed the social and political
concerns of contemporary Russia and
subsequently became one of Tatlin's
greatest artistic influences.
 Work
 A Skull on the Open Bookcreated in 1950
Expressionism style
 Portrait of the artist Created in 1912 Period:
cubism
 Woman's Portrait Created in 1933 Period:
Post-Impressionism
LOUIS I KAHN
 BIRTH NAME: Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky
 LIFE SPAN:1901-1974
 AWARDS: AIA Gold Medal in 1971 and the
RIBA Gold Medal in 1972.
 considered one ofthe foremostarchitects of
the late twentieth century
 He died of in heart attack on march 17,1974
 Born in Estoniaand Kahn's Jewish parents
immigrated to the United States in 1906.
 He finally started his own firm in 1935 and a
design critic professor on the side at Yale
school ofArchitecture.
 To find his inspiration, he travelled through
Europe visiting castles and medieval
strongholds in 1928, only 4 years after
graduating
HISSTYLE
 simple, platonicforms and compositions
 Truth to material
 developed a contemporary and
monumental architecture that maintaine
d a
sympathy for the site-Influenced by ancient
ruins
 While rooted in theInternational Style,
Kahn's architecture was an amalgam of his
Beaux Arts education and his personal
aesthetic impulse to develop own
architectural forms.
 His buildings do not hidetheir weight or the
way they are assembled.
 Louis Kahn's works are considered as
monumental beyond modernism
AUGUSTE PERRET
 Born: February 12, 1874, Ixelles
 Died: February 25, 1954, Paris
 Profession: Architect
 Nationality: French
PHILOSOPHY OFAUGUSTE PERRET
 Auguste Perret considered reinforced
concrete a noble material
 His use of classical proportion and
symmetry.
 His functional approach to design and
construction in reinforced concrete.
 His designs often had few orno
ornamentation, and a
 clear differentiation of structural members,
such as columns and beams.
 using reinforced concrete to create skeletal
structures for building.
 using classical proportions and composition
in modern design.
 using standardrised components in design
and construction.
 Perret blended modern architecture with
Gothic forms. In contrast to modern
theorists, Perret give attention to detail and
texture. He connected natural forms,
classical symmetry and order, and the
structural system ofconcrete.
 They have the symmetrical, balanced and
harmonious proportions and rhythms of
classical architecture, often with abstract
references to columns and cornices.
 These qualities givehis buildings formality
and dignity.
FRANK O. GEHRY
 Born: February 28, 1929 in Toronto, Ontar
io,
Canada
 Birth Name: Frank Owen Goldberg. 
 Left Canada: Moved with his Polish/Russian
parents to southern California in 1947.
Choose U.S. citizenship when he turned 21.
 Education: Los Angeles City College
University of Southern California.
 architecture degree completed in 1954
Harvard Graduate School of Design.
 Studied city planningfor oneyear.