2. Meaning
“Attitude are the set or cluster of beliefs towards objects,
events and situation.”
I.O.W
“ An attitude is a positive or negative evaluative reaction
towards a stimulus, such as a person’s action ,object or
concept.”

3. Definition
According to Gordon Allport
“Attitude are defines as a tendency, set or readiness to
respond to some social object.”
Attitude is defined as a mental and neural state of readiness
organized through experience, exerting a directive influence
upon the individual's response to all objects and situations with
which is it related

4. According to P.R .LAWRENCE
“Attitude represent the cluster of belief , assessed feelings, and
behavioral intentions
Towards the object”
Difference between attitude and belief
Attitudes are predisposition to react in some way towards the objects or
concepts .
On the other hand
Belief is just a hypothesis concerning the nature of objects, especially
concerning
Individual’s judgment of the probability regarding their nature.

5. ATTITUDE ARE FORMED BY 2WAYS
DIRECT EXPERIENCE
SOCIAL
LEARNING

6. DIRECT EXPERIENCE

7. SOCIAL LEARNING

8. Sources of Attitude Formation
Attitude emerges from our emotional experience and perceptual process.
The following factors contribute for attitude formation:
I Group factors
a. Family
b. Influence or Reference groups
c. Society
II Personality factors
a. Own experience
b. Our Perception towards the object

9. Attitude and Behaviour
“Behaviour is the range of actions and the mannerisms made by organizations,
systems, or artificial entities in conjunctions with their environment, which includes
the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment”.
Behaviour is the outcome of receiving stimuli (information) or input from internal or
external sources. It is the physical or oral expression of mental attitude.

10. Instrumental
or
utilitarian
Ego defensive
Value oriented
,value expressive
Function of
knowledge and
economy
Functions
of attitude
Functions of Attitude In Order to Affect the
Behaviour

11. Positive thinking
Positive thinking is mental attitude that fills the mind
with positive thoughts, words and images that allow
you to grow and gain success in your life.
Positive thinking always accepts or anticipates good,
favorable and positive results.
The individual who have positive mindset will find
solutions to solve even the most complex challenging
situations/problems. Positive thinkers always create
positive situations and are confident one’s.
They have positive self image, focus on positive
aspect and enjoy good life

12. Developing positive thinking
• Positive thinking should be continues process
• Have a mind set to really change your inner consciousness
to positive attitude
• Speaking and thinking “I can” , “I do it”
• List all the aspects for positive attitude’
•Write strong affirmation statement positive assertions and
read them loudly everyday
•Be patient and wait for the time to change

13. Negative attitude
It may be understood as mental state of a human being which
makes that person to keep for himself and makes others moody
through there behaviour such as hating ,abusing, creating
unhealthy atmosphere and not allowing others to work.
Effect of negative attitude
• Negative emotion such as anger frustration etc.,
•Creates unpleasant future in the form of unhappiness.
• Creating misery and causing self and the people around you
• Casing unpleasant environment.

14. Feature of negative
attitude
Feel insecured
Fault finding, no
imagination
No vision, no goals , no
Plans, no clear direction
life become boring,
miserable and
unproductive
Feel like Fear and a
failure in life . Fear and
frustration is felt

15. Overcoming Negative Attitude
 Mentally identifying
 Develop control on self
 Tune your emotions towards positive thinking
 Affirm powerful positive thoughts continuously
 Ignore self criticism
 Avoid negative thoughts
 Reading only such literature that conveys positive message
 Look at only positive aspect
 Avoid speaking to people who are strong in negative energy
 Don’t be a “Paranoid”

16. Change of Attitude
Attitude will not be constant , when once it is perceived . This is subjected to
change and changes when in the following situations.
1. A person receives new information from others or media –Cognitive
change
2. Through direct experience with the attitude object - Affective change
3. Force a person to behave in a way different than normal – Behavioural
change

18. Characteristics of Attitude
• Multiplicity
• Consistency
• Inter connectedness
• Cognitive dissonance
• Consonance of the attitude
• The number of needs
• The strength of the needs
• The centrality of the related values
• The extremeness of the attitude
• Simplicity
Different types of attitude change be brought within the individuals, they
are:
• Congruent change , Increase in the strength of an existing attitude.
• Incongruent change, it is one in which the direction of change is
opposite to the originally held attitude.

19. Persuasion
Attempt
Attitude Change process
Message
High
motivation &
ability to
think about
the message
Deep
processing,
focused on
the quality of
the message
arguments
Low
motivation
or ability
to think
about the
message
Superficial
processing,
focused on surface
features such ass
the
communicator’s
attractiveness or
the number of
arguments
presented
Lasting
change that
resists fading
and counter
attacks
Temporary
changes that
is
susceptible
to fading &
counter
attacks
Persuasion
Outcome
Processing
Approach
Audience
Factors

20. Group Attitudes
What can we do to change attitudes ?
• In order to produce change, a suggestion for change must be reviewed and
accepted.
• Reception and acceptance are more likely to occur, where the suggestion
meets existing personality need or desires.
• The suggestion is more likely to be accepted if:
 It is in harmony with valued group norms and loyalties.
 The source of the message is perceived as trustworthy or expert.
 The message follows certain rules of ‘rhetoric’ regarding order,
presentation, organization of content, nature of appeal, etc.
A suggestion carried by mass media plus face-to-face
 Change in attitude is more likely to occur,
Components of Attitude
• Cognition component
• Affective Component
• Behavioural Component

21. Types of
attitude
Job involvement
Organizational
CommitmentJob satisfaction

22. Attitude measurement
 Records
 self reports
 Report of others
 Socio-metric techniques
 Projective techniques
Precautions in attitude measurement:
•Impossible to measure directly.
•Behaviours, beliefs, and feelings are not consistent.
•Attitude do not standstill long enough.
•Certain attitudes do not have an universal agreement on their nature.
•Collection of certain types of personal data about learners may lead to legal
complications involving their rights to privacy.

23. INTERPERSONAL
RELATIONSHIP
Meaning of Interpersonal relationship “as the
understanding between two or more persons which
happens through conversation or through body
language, to have relationship to achieve some goal
or to solve some challenging problems or for
carrying out daily routine”.

24. Communication
skills
Comparing
verbal or oral
statements with
behaviour
Feedback
Requisites to Develop IP relations

25. Enhancing IPR
•Effective communication
•Mutual trust
•Care for each other
•Loyalty and allegiance
•Understanding each other
•Transparency
•Avoid criticizing

26. Emotional Intelligence
“Emotion”, may be defined as “thoughts , which have
“happened or might happen next”.
“Emotion is energy-in-motion, a way of expressing
ourself in life and how one relates to life”.
“Mood,” an emotional state, is long lasting emotional
phenomena. Cheerfulness, sadness, irritability, etc.
Persist for a longer time. It may be for hours or days.
“Sentiment”, another emotional phenomena, remains
longer. It is long lasting state of emotion that is related
to other people”.

27. Emotion – Importance
 It directs us to fix our boundaries.
 It serve as our inner moral and ethical compass.
 If it properly directed by inner mind would provide better communication
to make us feel better.
 It communicates to us about our needs.
It create self-awareness.
 It can be the drives of our inner moral and ethical aspects.

28. Essential to
understand certain
terms in emotion
•Emotional
honesty
•Emotional Abuse
•Empathy

29. Emotion – Types (Observed in workstations)
GUILT
ANGER
SADNESS
SURPRISE
FEAR
LOVE
JOY
EMOTION

31. Avoiding NE’s
First identify the type of NE or feeling.
Put a question to your mind whether it is a healthy feeling.
Ask what would help you feel better .
The answers you get will show you the way to get out of the situation.
Adopt the best one of answers in that situation to get out of NE.

32. DETERMINANTS OF EMOTION
The happening of an emotion depends upon the meaning of the event for the
individual. This also analyses why the emotion the occurs depends upon quite
subtle aspects of that meaning. Occurrence of an emotion is determined by the
interactions between events, the individual’s conceptions or expectations as to
what constitutes well-being for him or her, the individuals expectations that he or
she will be able to deal or cope with the event and, if so, in what manner or how
effectively.
Emotional Labour (EL)
“Emotional Labour is a form of emotional regulation, which makes the employees
to exhibit certain emotions as part of their job which facilitates the implementation
of organizational goals”.
According to Tony J. Watson, “an element of work activity in which the worker is
required to display certain emotions in order to complete work tasks in the way
required by an employer”.

33. EL requires the following actions on the part of workers to regulate
emotions:
•To produce a specific emotion
•Workers have to exercise required degree of control over the emotional activities.
•Needs contact with person/s in the form face-to-face or voice-to-voice.
Collective EL
Employees can share their experiences and discuss about the positive approach to
regulate emotions which cause untoward happenings in the organization. The whole
process of regulating unwanted emotions and develop good emotions collectively is
called “collective Emotional Labour”.

34. EL and Organizations
It is focussing on the behavioural aspect of the employee, particularly while
interacting with outsiders, who visit the organization for business purpose.
EL is determined by:
1. The principles adopted in an occupation or in an organization,
2. Dispositional traits and inner feelings of the job and
3. Monitoring display rules by immediate boss.

35. Emotional Intelligence – EI
Meaning
EI, in this backdrop can be understood as the process of identifying and
understanding our emotions and adopt them to betters our life and to
develop good relationship with people with whom we work or with people
whom we interact in our life”.
EI is a part of intelligence and is distinct from intellectual intelligence. EI
and II emerge different parts of the brain.
“Intellectual intelligence – II”,is derived from one part of the brain (3rd
brain), EI is the function of another part of brain (2nd brain). Intelligence
Quotient – IQ and Emotional Quotient EQ merge from different layer of
brain, it concerns the perception and processing of emotions.

36. Definition
Acc to S.Hein
“EI is the innate potential to feel, use, communicate, recognise, remember, describe,
identify learn from , manage, understand and explain emotions”
Key Components of EI