Class 12 Geography CBSE Curriculum NCERT textbook Volume 1 chapter 2

1. THE WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION,
DENSITY AND GROWTH
L R ASHA PGT GEOGRAPHY
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 1
AIR FORCE STATION TAMBARAM
CHENNAI 600073

2. WORLD POPULATION

3. GIST OF THE CHAPTER
 General,
 Patterns Of Population Distribution In The World,
 Density Of Population,
 Factors Influencing The Distribution Of Population,
 Population Growth,
 Trends In Population Growth,
 Doubling Time Of World Population
 Spatial Pattern Of Population Change,
 Impact Of Population Change,
 Demographic Transition,
 Population Control Measures.

4. POPULATION OF WORLD AS ON 08/06/2020
 TOP 20 LARGEST COUNTRIES BY POPULATION (LIVE)
 1 China1,438,993,303
 2 India1,379,191,625
 3 U.S.A.330,886,953
 4 Indonesia273,350,190
 5 Pakistan220,632,291
 6 Brazil212,469,212
 7 Nigeria205,827,694
 8 Bangladesh164,591,078
 9 Russia145,930,757
 10 Mexico128,851,537

5. "WORLD POPULATION"
 7.8 Billion (2020)
The current world population is 7.8 billion as of June 2020 [1] according to the most recent United
Nations estimates elaborated by Worldometer.
 The term "World Population" refers to the human population (the total number of humans currently
living) of the world.

6. WORLD POPULATION

7. POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
 The population of the world is unevenly distributed.
 George B. Cressey said the population of Asia that “Asia has many places where people are
few and few place where people are very many” is true about the pattern of population
distribution of the world also.
 The term population distribution refers to the way people are spaced over the earth’s
surface. Broadly, 90 per cent of the world population lives in about 10 per cent of its land
area.

8. DENSITY OF POPULATION
 Each unit of land has limited capacity to support people living on it.
 the ratio between the numbers of people to the size of land. This ratio is
the density of population.
 It is measured in persons per sq km
 Density of Population = Population/ Area persons per sq km
 For example, area of Region X is 100 sq km and the population is 1,50,000
persons.
 The density of population is calculated as: 1,50,000 /100 = 1,500 person/sq
km

10. CLASSIFICATION POPULATION DENSITY
 The densely populated parts of the world
with more than 200 persons on every sq
km. - the North -Eastern part of U.S.A.,
North-Western part of Europe, South,
South-East and East Asia.
 Areas like near the North and South Poles,
the hot and the cold deserts and high
rainfall zones near the Equator have very
low density of population. - are sparsely
populated regions of the world with less
than 01 person per sq km.
 The areas of medium density. - are 11 to 50
persons per sq km - Western China,
Southern India in Asia, Norway, Sweden in
Europe are some examples

11. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Physical Factors High Density Low Density
Relief
(shape and height of land)
Low land which is flat e.g. Ganges Valley in India
High land that is mountainous e.g.
Himalayas
Resources
Areas rich in resources (e.g. coal, oil, wood,
fishing etc.) tend to densely populated e.g.
Western Europe
Areas with few resources tend to be
sparsely populated e.g. The Sahara
Climate
Areas with temperate climates tend to be densely
populated as there is enough rain and heat to
grow crops e.g. UK
Areas with extreme climates of hot and
cold tend to be sparsely populated e.g.
the Sahara Desert

12. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DISTRIBUTION OF
POPULATION
Human Factors High Density Low Density
Political
Countries with stable governments tend to
have a high population density e.g.
Singapore
Unstable countries tend to have lower
population densities as people migrate
e.g. Afghanistan.
Social & Cultural
Groups of people want to live close to each
other for security e.g. USA
Other groups of people prefer to be
isolated e.g. Scandinavians
Economic
Good job opportunities encourage high
population densities, particularly in large
cities in MEDCs and LEDCs around the
world.
Limited job opportunities cause some
areas to be sparsely populated e.g.
Amazon Rainforest

13. POPULATION GROWTH
 The population growth or population change
refers to the change in number of inhabitants
of a territory during a specific period of time.
 This change may be positive as well as
negative.
 It can be expressed either in terms of absolute
numbers or in terms of percentage.
 Population change in an area is an important
indicator of economic development, social
upliftment and historical and cultural
background of the region.

14. SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF POPULATION GROWTH
 Growth of Population : Change of population in particular area between two points of time is known
as growth of population. For example, the population of India 1991 (84.63 crore) from population of
2001 (102.70 crore) then the growth of population (18.07 crores) in actual numbers.
 Growth Rate of Population : This is the change of population expressed in percentage.
 Natural Growth of Population: This is the population increased by difference between births and
deaths in a particular region between two points of time.
 Natural Growth = Births – Deaths
 Actual Growth of Population : Births – Deaths + In Migration – Out Migration
 Positive Growth of Population: This happens when the birth rate is more than the death rate between
two points of time or when people from other countries migrate permanently to a region.
 Negative Growth of Population: If the population decreases between two points of time it is known as
negative growth of population. It occurs when the birth rate falls below the death rate or people
migrate to other countries

15. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE There are three components of population change – births, deaths and migration.
 The crude birth rate (CBR) is expressed as number of live births in a year per thousand
women.
 It is calculated as: CBR =Bi/P x 1000 ,
 Here, CBR = Crude Birth Rate; Bi = live births during the year; P=Mid year population of the
area.

16. COMPONENTS OF POPULATION CHANGE
 Crude Death Rate (CDR) is a simple method of measuring mortality of any area.
 CDR is expressed in terms of number of deaths in a particular year per thousand of population in a
particular region. CDR is calculated CDR = D/P x 1000 –
 Here, CDR=Crude Death Rate; D= Number of deaths; P=Estimated mid-year population of that year.

17. MIGRATION
Human migration is the movement
of people from one place to another
with the intentions of settling,
permanently or temporarily, at a new
location (geographic region)

18. CONCEPTS OF MIGRATION
 When people move from one place to another, the place they move from is called the Place of Origin
and the place they move to is called the Place of Destination. The place of origin shows a decrease in
population while the population increases in the place of destination
 Migration may be permanent, temporary or seasonal. It may take place from rural to rural areas, rural
to urban areas, urban to urban areas and urban to rural areas.
 Immigration: Migrants who move into a new place are called Immigrants.
 Emigration: Migrants who move out of a place are called Emigrants.

19. FACTORS AFFECTING MIGRATION
 The Push factors make the place of
origin seem less attractive for reasons
like unemployment, poor living
conditions, political turmoil,
unpleasant climate, natural disasters,
epidemics and socio-economic
backwardness.
 The Pull factors make the place of
destination seem more attractive than
the place of origin for reasons like
better job opportunities and living
conditions, peace and stability, security
of life and property and pleasant
climate.

20. TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH

21. TRENDS IN POPULATION GROWTH After the evolution and introduction of agriculture about 8,000 to 12,000 years ago,
the size of population was small – roughly 8 million. In the first century A.D. it was
300 million.
 The expanding world trade during the sixteenth and seventeenth century, set the stage
rapid population growth.
 Around 1750, at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, the world population was 550
 World population exploded in the eighteenth century after the Industrial Revolution.
 Technological advancement achieved so far helped in the reduction of birth rate and
provided a stage for accelerated population growth.

22. DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION
 The doubling time is time it takes for a population to double in size/value. It is applied to population
growth, which can be calculated directly from the growth rate.
 The world's current (overall as well as natural) growth rate is about 1.14 percent, representing
a doubling time of 61 years. We can expect the world's population of 6.5 billion to become 13 billion
by 2067 if current growth continues.
 While the number of births and deaths is always a factor, things like war, disease, immigration, and
natural disasters can affect a population's growth rate. Since doubling time is based on a population's
annual growth rate, it can also vary over time.
 Niger. With 48 births and 10 deaths per 1,000 people each year, the rate of natural population
growth for this west African nation stands at 3.8%, the highest in the world.

23. DOUBLING TIME OF WORLD POPULATION

24. DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
 Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.
 The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low
births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and
literate society.
 These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle

25. THE THREE-STAGED MODEL OF DEMOGRAPHIC
TRANSITION THEORY
 The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to
compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. The population
growth is slow and most of the people are engaged in agriculture where large families are
an asset. Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of
technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries of the world were in this stage.
 Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is
accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions
lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high.
 In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either
stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical
knowhow and deliberately controls the family size. This shows that human beings are
extremely flexible and are able to adjust their fertility.
 In the present day, different countries are at different stages of demographic transition.

26. POPULATION CONTROL MEASURES
10 Effective Ways to Control
Population
1.Development.
2.Easy and Cheap availability of
Contraceptives.
3.Education.
4.Eradicate Poverty.
5.Women Empowerment.
6.Spread Awareness.
7.Providing Incentives.
8.Legislative Actions.
9.Medical Facilities.

27. RECAPITULATION
 What is Population?
 What is Population Distribution?
 What is Population Density?
 How to calculate the Population Density?
 What is Population Growth?
 What is Birth rate?
 What is Death Rate?
 What is Migration?
 What is Population Doubling Time?
 Mention any two measures to control population.

28. BIBLIOGRAPHY
 NCERT text
 Power point presentation
 Video from you tube
 Related information from Google and Yahoo.
 mycbseguide.com