Landscape Conservation, necessity and techniques.

1. LANDSCAPE
CONSERVATION
AR6009
LANDSCAPE AND
ECOLOGY

2. WHAT IS LANDSCAPING?
Landscaping refers to any activity
that modifies the visible features
of an area of land, including:
 Living elements- Flora and fauna
 Natural elements- Landforms,
terrains, water bodies
 Human elements- Structures,
buildings, fences, etc.
 Abstract elements- Lighting,
weather, etc.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

3. THREATS TO LANDSCAPE…
Accelerated climatic changes has magnifying impacts on water
and land resources, agricultural and biological diversities.
Unprecedented scale, pace and complexity of resource
management challenges-
• Habitat loss, fragmentation, degradation
• Invasive species
• Contaminants
• Hydrological impacts
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

4. WHAT IS CONSERVATION LANDSCAPING?
Working with nature to reduce pollution, conservation landscaping
incorporates environmentally sensitive design, low impact
development, non-invasive native and beneficial plants, and
integrated pest management to create diverse landscapes that help
protect clean air and water, support wildlife, and provide a healthier
and more beautiful human environment.
 Conservation landscaping supports clean air and water by:
• Using plants that are adapted to local conditions and thus require
less fertilizer and pesticides
• Trapping localized storm water on site with rain barrels and rain
gardens to ensure slow percolation and increased filtration of
nutrients entering the groundwater.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

5. • Reducing the amount of smog released into the air and the amount
of atmospheric deposition of nutrients into our water by reducing
the amount of movable lawn area
 Conservation landscaping supports wildlife by:
• Providing a diverse plant environment that attracts greater animal
diversity and fosters healthier ecological communities
• Creating migratory corridors of conjoined healthy ecological
communities.
 Conservation landscaping supports a healthier and more
beautiful human environment by:
• Reducing the amount of pollution entering the environment.
• Demonstrating the beauty of well-maintained, natural landscaping.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

6. THE EIGHT ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS…
A conservation landscape:
1. Is designed to benefit the environment and function efficiently and
aesthetically for human use and well-being .
2. Uses locally native plants that are appropriate for site conditions.
3. Institutes a management plan for the removal of existing invasive
plants and the prevention of future nonnative plant invasions.
4. Provides habitat for wildlife.
5. Promotes healthy air quality and minimizes air pollution.
6. Conserves and cleans water.
7. Promotes healthy soils.
8. Is managed to conserve energy, reduce waste, and eliminate or
minimize the use of pesticides and fertilizers.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

7. METHODS TO CONSERVE LANDSCAPE…
SOIL CONSERVATION IS A SET OF MANAGEMENT STRATERGIES FOR
PREVENTION OF SOIL BEING ERODED FROM THE EARTH’S SURFACE OR
BECOMING CHEMICALLY ALTERED BY OVERUSE , ACIDIFICATION,
SALINIZATION, SOIL EROSION OR OTHER SOIL CONTAMINATION TO
RETAIN THE FERTILITY OF SOIL.
SOIL CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:
 TERRACE FARMING
BROAD FLAT STEPS OR TERRACES ARE MADE ON THE STEEP SLOPES SO
THE FLAT SURFACES ARE AVAILABLE TO GROW CROPS.THEY REDUCE
SURFACE RUN OFF AND SOIL EROSION.
THIS METHOD OF FARMING USES “STEPS”, CALLED ANDENE. ON EACH
ANDEN, VARIOUS CROPS ARE PLANTED, AND WHEN IT RAINS, INSTEAD OF
WASHING AWAY ALL OF THE NUTRIENT IN THE SOIL, THE NUTRIENTS
ARE CARRIED DOWN TO THE NEXT LEVEL.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

8.  INTER CROPPING
DIFFERENT CROPS ARE GROWN IN ALTERNATE
ROWS AND ARE SOWN AT DIFFERENT TIMES TO
PROTECT THE SOIL FROM RAIN WASH.
PLOUGHING PARALLEL TO THE COUNTOURS OF A
HILL SLOPE TO FORM A NATURAL BARRIER FOR
WATER TO FLOW DOWN THE SLOPE.
CONTOUR FARMING IS THE FARMING PRACTICE OF
PLOUGHING ACROSS A SLOPE FOLLOWING ITS
ELEVATION CONTOUR LINES.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY
Terrace farming
Inter cropping

9.  CROP ROTATION
CROP ROTATION IS THE PRACTICE OF GROWING A
SERIES OF DISSIMILAR TYPES OF CROPS IN THE
SAME AREA IN SEQUENTIAL SEASONS.
A TRADITIONAL ELEMENT OF CROP ROTATION IS
THE REPLENISHMENT OF NITROGEN THROUGH THE
USE OF GREEN MANURE IN SEQUENCE WITH
CEREALS AND OTHER CROPS.
 SHELTER BELT
IN COASTAL AND DRY REGIONS,ROWS OF TREE
ARE PLANTED TO CHECK THE WIND MOVEMENT TO
PROTECT SOIL COVER. SHELTER BELT IS A
PLANTATION USUALLY MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE
ROWS OF TREES OR SHRUBS PLANTED IN A
MANNER SO AS TO PROVIDE SHELTER FROM THE
WIND AND TO PROTECT SOIL FROM EROSION.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY
Crop rotation
Shelter belt

10.  MULCHING
THE BARE GROUND BETWEEN PLANTS IS COVERED WITH A LAYER OF
ORGANIC MATTER LIKE STRAW.IT HELPS TO RETAIN SOIL MOISTURE.
MULCHING OF SOIL WITH AVAILABLE PLANT RESIDUES REDUCE SOIL LOSS
CONSIDERABLY BY PROTECTING THE SOIL FROM DIRECT IMPACT OF
RAINDROP AND REDUCING THE SEDIMENT CARRIED WITH RUN OFF.
 CONTOUR BARRIER
STONES, GRASS, SOIL ARE USED TO BUILD
BARRIERS ALONG CONTOURS.TRENCHES ARE
MADE IN FRONT OF THE BARRIERS TO
COLLECT WATER.
 ROCK DAM
ROCKS ARE PILED UP TO SLOW DOWN THE
FLOW OF WATER. THIS PREVENTS GULLIES
AND FURTHER SOIL LOSS.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY
Rock Dam Mulching

11. WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES:
 RAIN WATER HARVESTING
A SYSTEM WHICH COLLECTS RAIN WATER
FROM THE ROOF OF A BUILDING AND
STORES IT FOR REUSE.
WATER COLLECTED IS THEN STORE IN A
TANK , BEFORE BEING PUMPED AROUND THE
BUILDING,AS AND WHEN REQUIRED.
 GREY WATER RECYCLING
ANY WATER THAT HAS BEEN USED IN A
BUILDING EXCEPT WATER FROM TOILETS, IS
CALLED GREY WATER.
THIS MAY BE REUSED FOR OTHER PURPOSES ,
ESPECIALLY LANDSCAPE IRRIGATION.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

12.  WATERSHED MANAGEMENT
THE PROCESS OF CREATING AND IMPLEMENTING
PLANS,PROGRAMS AND PROJECTS TO SUSTAIN
AND ENHANCE WATERSHED FUNCTIONS THAT
AFFECT THE PLANT, ANIMAL AND HUMAN
COMMUNITIES WITHIN A WATERSHED
BOUNDARY.
LAND USE PLANNING
REFERS TO RATIONAL AND JUDICIOUS
APPROACH OF ALLOCATING AVAILABLE LAND
RESOURCES TO DIFFERENT LAND USING
ACTIVITIES AND FOR DIFFERENT FUNCTIONS
CONSISTENT WITH THE OVERALL
DEVELOPMENT GOAL OF A PARTICULAR CITY.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

13. CASE STUDY…
MANHATTAN BEACH STRAND - Ocean Friendly Garden Principles
Ocean Friendly Gardens apply CPR: Conservation, Permeability, and
Retention to revive our watersheds and oceans.
Conservation of water, energy, and habitat through climate-adapted
plants, spaced for mature growth.
Permeability through healthy, biologically active soil, and utilizing
materials for, or making a cut in, driveways, walkways, and patios that
allow water to percolate into the soil.
Retention devices like rain chains, rain barrels, and rain gardens retain
water in the soil for the dry seasons or save it to water vegetables,
preventing it from running off the property.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

14. Elements of this garden design include:
• Climate appropriate plants: Plant palette to be exclusively
California Native plants. Plants will provide food and habitat for
native butterflies, birds, and bees.
• Site Grading and Infiltration Areas: The soil of the site is to be
graded into subtle mounds and depressions, evocative of waves,
with massing of plants following the contour and accentuating
the grading. This manipulation of the ground plane allows for
rainwater to infiltrate locally, for use by plant root systems, as
well as percolate into the groundwater in the infiltration areas.
No surface runoff is to be directed to impermeable surfaces or
piped unfiltered into the ocean.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

15. • Wood Mulch: Install 3”-4” shredded bark mulch for water
conservation.
• Healthy Soil: Biological testing and compost tea application for
living soil.
• Boulders and Gravel: Local boulders, if possible.
• Recycled Broken Concrete: To be obtained locally, if possible,
for use in retaining soil around infiltration areas.
• Drip Irrigation: For application directly to each plant, reducing
evaporation and overspray.
• Smart Controller: Determines ET rate and adjusts irrigation
volume and frequency accordingly.
LANDSCAPE AND ECOLOGY

16. THANK YOU…
PRESENTED BY:
AKSHAY.G
ANITTA.J
ARSHITA NARAYAN
ASHWIN.S