Energy Audit Practitioner Course Energy Management System (EnMS)

1. Energy Audit Practitioner Course
Energy Management System
(EnMS)
Engr. Abdul Qayoom
Senior Consultant / Trainer
Certified Trainer on Energy Management System – (Germany)
Certified Auditor GHK Premer- (Germany)
Certification of MFCA (ISO 14051:2013)- Taiwan Republic of China
Certification of Six Sigma Green Belt (Vitaman)
Certified Productivity Specialist -(Pakistan)
GREEN PRODUCTIVITY
CENTER

2. 2
Training Agenda: Monitoring
Equipment
Electrical measuring instruments
Combustion analyzer
Manometers
Thermometers
Water flow meters
Speed measurement
Leak detectors
Lux meters

3. 3
Electrical Measuring Instruments
What Do They Do?
• Measures major electrical parameters
such as KVA, KW, PF, Hertz, KVAr, Amps
and Volts, sometimes also harmonics
• Instant measurements can be taken with
hand-held meters, while more advanced
facilitates cumulative readings with print
outs at specified intervals

4. 4
Electrical Measuring Instruments
What Do They Do?
Figure: HIOKI 3286-20
clamp on power hitester
• The HIOKI 3286-20 clamp on power hitester
measures:
- Voltage
- Current
- Voltage/current peak
- Effective / reactive /
apparent power
(single-phase or 3-
phase)
- Power factor
- Reactivity
- Phase angle
- Frequency,
- Phase detection(3-
phase)
- Voltage/current
harmonic levels (up
to 20th)

5. 5
Electrical Measuring Instruments
• These instruments are applied on-line to measure
various electrical parameters
Where & How to Use?
Figure: Power and power factor measurement on
single phase three wire circuit
• Have three leads
connected to
crocodile clips at
the end
• The three leads are
colored yellow,
black and red

6. 6
Electrical Measuring Instruments
• The clamp should never be attached to a circuit
that operates at more than maximum rated
voltage, or over bare conductors
• Clamp on probe should be connected to the
secondary side of a breaker
• Rubber hand gloves, boots, and safety helmet
should be used to avoid electrical shocks
• The operation manual should be consulted before
using the equipment
Precautions

7. 7
Combustion Analyzer
• Measures the composition of flue gases after
combustion
What Does It Do?
• Basically all combustion
analyzers measure the %
Oxygen or CO2 in the flue
gases
• The efficiency can be
calculated with an inbuilt
programme
Figure: A fyrite
combustion analyzer

8. 8
Combustion Analyzer
• Determines the composition of flue
gases in the duct, which flushes out
the combusted gases to the chimney
• The flue gases’ composition values
are based on volume
Where & How It’s Used
Figure: A gas
combustion analyzer
• Usually measure the % CO2 or O2 and the temperature
of the flue gas
• Mostly, the flue gases are sucked out in order to react
with chemical cells that enables the reading of O2 or
CO2

9. 9
Combustion Analyzer
• Always calibrate the instrument in open fresh air before
taking a set of measurements
• Check for clogging of the air filters
• Ensure that the rubber tubing carrying the gases to the
instrument is not bended
• Wrap the opening space left by cotton rags to ensure
that there is no in- or exfiltration of air
• Use of hand gloves, goggles and safety helmet
• Safety and precautions should be consulted from the
operation manual
Precautions

10. 10
Manometers
• A manometer is a pressure measuring instrument
that measure the differential pressure across two
points
• The liquid-column manometer is the oldest type and
can be a simple U-shaped tube that is half-full of
liquid
• The pressure to be measured is applied to one side
of the tube and is then represented by the
difference in liquid levels in the tube legs
What Does It Do?

11. 11
Manometers
Principles
Figure: Principles of a manometer
a) The manometer is a U-tube half filled with liquid. When both ends of
the tube are open, the liquid is at the same height in each leg.
b) When positive pressure is applied to one leg, the liquid is forced
down and up in the other leg. The difference in height, "h” indicates
the pressure.
c) When vacuum is
applied to one leg, the
liquid rises in that leg
and falls in the other.
The difference in
height, "h," indicates
the amount of vacuum.
a b ca b c
h h

12. Manometers
1) A single-limb liquid-column manometer use a large
reservoir and a scale beside a narrower column
and can be used to measure small differences
between great pressures
2) Use the deflection of a flexible membrane that
seals a fixed pressure reference volume to
determine the pressure
3) Use a coiled tube that as it expands due to
pressure increase causes rotation of an arm
connected to the tube
Types of Manometers

13. Manometers
• The air velocity in ducts can be measured using a pitot
tube and inclined manometer for further calculation of
flows
• The difference in level of the manometer gives the total
velocity pressure
• The two openings at the end of the pitot tube are always
connected to the two openings of the manometer
Where & How It’s Used
Precautions
• Should not be exposed to very high pressures

14. 14
Thermometers
• Temperatures are generally recorded for air
conditioning units, boilers, furnaces, steam
systems, waste heat recovery systems and heat
exchangers
Where & How It’s Used
• The probe or bulb has to
be insterted into the
fluid or gases that are to
be measured
Figure: Thermocouple

15. 15
Thermometers
• The probe must be immersed in the fluid and the
measurement must be taken after 1-2 minutes
• The range for which the thermocouple is made for
should be noted beforehand
• The probe of the thermocouple should never
touch the naked flame
• The emissivity should be set according to the
surface where the temperature is to be measured
Precautions

16. 16
Water Flow Meters
• Measures linear, nonlinear, mass or volumetric
flow rate of a liquid or a gas
• The time of fill method: The time it takes to fill up
a certain volume is recorded and the average flow
can be calculated
• The float method: The time it takes for a ping
pong ball to travel a known distance and the
surface velocity calculated:
What Does it Do?
The distance traveled by the ball / time taken

17. 17
Water Flow Meters
• The rotameter is a tapered tube and a float used for
gases and liquids
• The piston-type flowmeters is an economical
alternative that use an annular orifice formed
Type of Water Flow Meters
Figure: Ultrasonic flowmeters
by a piston and a tapered
cone
• Ultrasonic flowmeters is
used for liquids and are
commonly used in dirty
applications such as
wastewater

18. Speed Measurement
Tachometers (contact type):
• Used to measure the speed of rotation of a motor or pulley
etc
• The wheel is brought in contact with the rotating body that
due to the friction obtains the same speed
Stroboscope:
• This is a versatile flashing light source used to:
a) measure the speed of fast-moving objects or
b) to produce the optical effect of stopping or slowing down
high-speed motion for observation, analysis, or high-speed
photography
Tachometers and Stroboscopes

19. Speed Measurement
• While using a contact type tachometer, care
should be taken while bringing the wheel of the
tachometer in contact with the rotating body
• Loose clothing should never be worn while taking
measurements with a tachometers
• Taking measurements alone should be avoided
Precautions

20. Leak Detectors
• Detects the ultrasonic sound of a leak
• As long as the leak is turbulent, there will be
enough sound to detect it ultrasonically
• A leak test can be done in an enclosed area which
is saturated with refrigerant
• The electronic process heterodyning converts the
high frequency leak sound to a lower range
What Does It Do?

21. Leak Detectors
• The probe is slowly moved
close to the gas or steam
pipe line
• Where the leak is a hissing
sound can be heard through
headphones
Where & How It’s Used?
Figures: Leak detector

22. Leak Detectors
• Dust or smoke should not come out of the pipe
• Avoid measurement at the places where sound
level is high
• Safety precautions should be consulted from the
operation manual
Precautions

23. Lux Meters
• Consist of a body, a photo cell and a readout
• Light energy is transferred by the photo cell into an
electric current that the meter calculates to the
appropriate value of Lux or Foot candles
• A standard color can be referred to as color
temperature and is expressed in degrees Kelvin
• The readings will vary with different light sources
What Does It Do?

24. Lux Meters
• The sensor is placed at the
work station or where the
light intensity will be
measured
• The instrument will directly
give the reading
Where & How It’s Used?
Figures: Lux meter

25. Lux Meters
• The sensor should be properly placed on the
workstation
• Due its high sensitivity, the sensor should be
kept safely
• Safety and precautions should be consulted from
the operation manual
Precautions

26. THANK YOU