Skimming & Scaning Extracting information and salient point of a given text

1.  Skimming and Scaning
 Extracting information and
salient point of a given text
Topic :Topic :
© Usman_younas
Type of ReadingType of Reading

2. Reading ComprehensionReading Comprehension
SkillsSkills
Skimming and Scanning

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What is Skimming?
 Generally speaking skimming refers to removing the thickest layer of
milk to cut off its fats.
 In academics, skimming is a reading (sub-)skill in which a reader
quickly goes through a text in order to get the gist and general idea or
information.

4.  Quickly identify main ideas of a text
 Skimming is 3 to 4 times faster regular reading
 Used when there is a lot of material and a short amount of time
 Also called rapid-survey reading
Skimming helps
 Overall purpose
 Central idea
 Organizational pattern
 Main points
 Author’s intention-to describe, narrate, report, explain, discuss etc
Skimming

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Skimming in EvEryday LifE
When we are looking at a newspaper, we are
actually skimming. We do not read every
word-instead we skim it to get a general idea
of what the main articles are about. We might
use the headlines, photographs, and
captions to help us decide if we want to delve
further into a particular article or skip it and
search further.

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Techniques of Skimming
 Read the title-it is the shortest possible summary of the content
 Read the introduction or lead-in paragraph
 Read the first paragraph completely
 If there are subheadings, read each one, looking for relationship
among them
 Read the first sentence of each remaining paragraph
a) the main idea of most paragraphs appears in the first sentence
b) if the author’s pattern is to begin with a question or anecdote, you
may find the last sentence more valuable.

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Types of skimming
 Skimming to overview-the purpose of this method is to get an outline of
what the material is about. You will be looking more at structure than
content.
 Skimming to preview-this is used when you know you are going to re-read
the material. Your purpose is to gather as much background information as
you can on the subject without too much time on it.
 Skimming to review-you would use this method when you have already
read the material and your purpose is to re-familiarize yourself with the
content.
(Konstant, 2003: p.35)

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 Slight: By practically ignoring unimportant, linking words-words like
the, a , for with to, on, it. etc.
 Partial: By picking up the significant relative details also.
 Complete: By being concerned only with the main idea.
Degrees of skimming

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Activity
Read the following passage quickly and answer the questions given at
the end
Time: 30 seconds
Gerber (1998: p.50)

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1) Geologic time
2) second
3) 4,600 million
years
4) 4.6 billion years
Now answer these questions:

11. SCANNING

12. DEFINATION:
Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to
find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a
question in your mind and you read a passage only to find
the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

13.  Used to search for key terms
 When you know what you are looking for you can through texts
to find the information
 Good to use when determining whether a source will have the
answers you are looking for
What do we scan in our daily life ?
 Dictionary
 Telephone Directory
 Time table
 TV Schedule
 A particular date in a book etc.
SCANNING

14. Examples of Scanning:
 A google search list on the internet.
 A bus / airplane schedule
 A conference guide
 A graph
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50%
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Series
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EXAMPLES:

15. Scanning Example
 Find and circle the following words in this
passage .
As quickly as possible:
CLEVER HOME UNITE DISTRESS MARRIAGE EARLY
Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and rich, with a
comfortable home and happy disposition, seemed to unite
some of the best blessings of existence; and had lived nearly
twenty-one years in the world with very little to distress or vex her.
She was the youngest of two daughters of a most
affectionate, indulgent father, and had, in consequence of her
sister’s marriage, been mistress of his house from a very
early period.

16. Steps for scanning
 Look for key words, or words that are repeated.
 Look for definitions.
 Look for highlighted words, eg words in bold or italic.
 Look for numbers, eg dates and statistics.
 Look for examples, including diagrams.
Scanning helps:
You use this technique when you are really in a hurry to find
specific information from a text, or when using a dictionary, reading
through an index or content list, or browsing through TV schedules.
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17. Difference between skimming and scanning
 In skimming the reader goes through a text quickly, not
noting every word but trying to get the main idea of what
the text is about. This is sometimes called getting the
gist of the text.
 Scanning involves searching for a particular piece of
information in a text, such as looking for a particular
name or a particular number.
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18. Practice
 Scan the article carefully and answer the questions
given at the end.
 Time 30 seconds
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21. extensive reading
 - reading for pleasure any topic of interest
 - main purpose: to relax and enjoy yourself
 -Thing we read: comics, humorous stories,
tales, novels, short articles in the
newspapers and magazines, jokes, and
other forms of light reading materials

22. Extensive Activites
 Interview each other about their reading.
 Reading may be combined with a writing component. For
example, after reading the newspaper, students may beasked
to write a newspaper report.
 Class time reading
 Students may set their own goals for their next session.
 A reading log (recording number of pages read and at
whatlevel)
 A reflection on what they noticed about their own reading
 A book report or summary
 A retelling of part of the text

23. Intensive Reading
 Careful or in-depth reading
 You read for details and extract specific info on
particular topics
 The kind of reading you do when you study, prepare
a term paper, or an oral report
 Has several techniques or sub-types:
scanning, skimming, exploratory reading, study
reading, critical reading, and analytical reading

24. Intensive Activities
 Identify main ideas and details
 Making inferences
 Looking at the order of information and how it
effects the message
 Identifying words that connect one idea toanother
 Identifying words that indicate change from one
section to another
 Mostly teacher use this metord of reading

25. Salient Point of a text
 Salient means something that stands out, so the salient text would be text that
was done in bold-face or some other font or face that would make it stand out
from the rest of the text.
 For example:
You will sometimes see a couple of pages of description in a text book,
followed by two or three bullets (those little round black circles that sit in the
middle of the space, above the line) that summarize what the previous pages
have said. It's like a repeat , to remind you of what you just read.
 Some times it is done the other way the first giving the salient facts, then the
pages of discussion about those facts follow. Like context
 Sometimes the salient facts are not separated out physically, but when you read
the paragraph, one line will stand out in your mind. It is usually a key piece of
information.

26. Salient Point ExamplesSalient Point Examples

27. Reviewing (conclusion)
Reading: To look at carefully so as to understand the meaning of (something
written, printed, etc.)
Components of reading are:
1. Decoding 2. Comrehension 3. Retention
Comprehension Reading : the process of simultaneously extracting and
constructing meaning through interaction and involvement with written
language.
Intensive Reading involves learners reading in detail with specific learning
aims and tasks. It can be compared with extensive reading, which involves
learners reading texts for enjoyment and to develop general reading skills.
Example:
The learners read a short text and put events from it into chronological order.

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In the classroom:
Intensive reading activities include skimming a text for specific
information to answer true or false statements or filling gaps in a summary,
scanning a text to match headings to paragraphs, and scanning jumbled
paragraphs and then reading them carefully to put them into the correct
order.
Generaly Meanings:
Extracting: obtain or take out something by a special method or skill.
Salient: most noticeable or important word’s or wording in the text
Cont.. Reviewing (conclusion)

29. Thank you very much!
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