1. TOPIC: JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS
Aim:
The aim of this project to give a detailed explanation of
what job safety analysis is so that workers will have
adequate understanding of risk assessment and
management; with this they will be well equipped to
conduct and accomplish a job safety analysis (JSA).
Objectives:
. Define the meaning of JSA
. Provide a basic understanding of Risk assessment and
management.
. Define the purpose and method of completing a JSA
. Identify hazards associated with specific tasks or activities
. Apply control measures to reduce the level of risk
associated with the identified hazards.
. Documentation of works/activities and sequential steps.
. Identification of specific personal protective equipment to
be used to carry out the activity.

2. DEFINITION: Job safety analysis is a method of
identifying hazards and developing ways to eliminate,
control or manage them.
Job safety analysis is a management tool which is used to
help us work safely without incurring accidents.
It entails reasoning and thinking used in hazard
identification and elimination.
It involves breaking jobs down into sequence or stages,
identifying the hazards or risks associated with each
sequence or stage and instituting measures aimed at
eliminating ,minimizing or reducing the hazards so that
tasks can be accomplished without injury to personnel,
damage to equipments and environmental pollution.
JSA increases awareness in work place which helps in
preventing injury and illnesses.
Avoid
Making the breakdown so detailed that an unnecessarily
large number of steps results or making the job breakdown
so general that basic steps are not recorded.
Methods of doing JSA

3. . By direct observation
. By group discussion
. By recall and check
1. Direct observation
‘’Observation promotes learning’’ People are more
likely to learn new things about a job when they observe
the job for a JSA than when they rely on memory.
Memory can only tell you what you already know while
observation opens the ways of noticing things you have
never noticed before.
A limitation of the observation method is that it cannot be
readily applied to jobs done infrequently.
2. Group discussion
In this method, JSA is accomplished by a group of people
familiar with the job. Under the guidance of the supervisor
the group members use their collective experience to
identify the job steps and the potential accidents in each
and develop good solutions.
The participants in the discussion should be those with
most knowledge about the job. In either case, the
supervisor needs to be competent in group discussion
techniques. He should be able to stimulate a group to obtain
the maximum contribution from each of its members and
guide the discussion down to the most productive paths.

4. It is used in pre-planning the safe execution of larger jobs.
Documentation of the results of the group discussion is also
very important.
3. Recall and check
In this method recall and check is used by individual
supervisors who prepare preliminary version of the JSA
instead of direct observation of the job. He then checks the
preliminary version by discussing it with others. An already
prepared checklist is used in this method.
What jobs require JSA?
All jobs irrespective of how familiar we are with their
procedures require JSA nevertheless there are some jobs
that much premium are placed on regarding JSA
application.
. Hazard potential
Some jobs have no history of lost time injury (LTI) yet they
have considerable potential for crippling injury or death.
They are obviously good candidates for JSA.
. History of accidents
Job with a history of many accidents are also good
candidates for JSA.
. Newly established jobs
Changes in tools, equipment and machinery or production
methods create new jobs from time to time. A JSA of a
new job establishes the hazards and safe procedures before
anyone has accident. It also provides an excellent basis for
training of workers in how to handle the new job safely.

5. . Jobs with high injury occurrence
Those jobs that produced serious injuries are also good
candidates for JSA. They should be given priority over jobs
that have produced only minor injuries as they have proven
their potential to hurt people steadily.
. Jobs that involve simultaneous operation
Simultaneous operations such as welding and painting need
JSA.
Jobs that involve emission of radioactive substances
. Jobs done in confined spaces
. Jobs that entail handling of heavy leads
. Jobs that produce high velocity particles
. Hot works
. Jobs done in noisy areas.
. Jobs done in noisy areas.
Key points for identifying hazards/Potential
accident.
These questions should be born in mind when doing the
JSA
. Can the employee be struck by any moving object while

6. doing his job step?
. Can the employee strike against or make injurious contact
with anything?
. Can he be caught in, on, or between anything?
. Can he be caught on protruding objects?
. Can he be caught in confined spaces?
. Can he fall on the same level?
. Can he fall to a different level?
. Can he strain or overexert?
. Can the employer slip, trip on anything?
. Can he be exposed to injurious conditions such as cold,
heat, fumes, pressure, chemicals, asbestos, etc
. Can the employer injure a fellow worker?
. Can damage of equipment occur?
. Can pollution occur?
Methods of hazard/risk control or management
according to hierarchy
These are safeguard measures put in place to eliminate or
reduce the consequences of the identified risks or hazards.
1. By elimination
2. By substitution
3. By Isolation
4. By engineering control achieved through designing
automatic or digital tools and equipment

7. 5. By administrative control such as education, safety
training etc
6. By personal protective equipment (PPE)
Important approaches to achieving workable JSA
1. The ‘’what If’’ approach.
The purpose of a what-if analysis is to consider the
potential impact of unexpected events that could produce
adverse consequence.
This approach involves asking important questions which
when answered opens a floodgate of solutions aimed at
hazard identification, management and control.
What can go wrong? What if anything goes wrong?
It is from these questions that so many hazards are
identified and safety measures put in place to reduce,
manage or eliminate them.
‘’What if the boat sinks’’ that is why life rafts are provided.
‘’What if there is fire outbreak’’ that is why fire
extinguishers are provided.
‘’What if I have flat tyre on the way’’ that is why a spare
tyre is provided.

8. ‘’ What if there is product/pressure on the line when we are
opening the flange’’ that is why the line must be
depressurized before we open the flange.
‘’ What if the sling wire used in lifting a load with a
crane breaks’’ that is why all slings must be tested and
found ok before use and correct sling must be used in
accordance with the tonnage of the load being lifted. And
no personnel should stand under a suspended load.
After you have developed a JSA, ask yourself ….What is
the worst thing that could possibly happen?
Then look back through the JSA.
Ask yourself…. Have I eliminated the hazards that could
allow the worst thing to happen?
If no….Revise the JSA so that you do eliminate those
hazards.
2. Step back 5 x 5
This is a process that identifies hazards before a task is
started.
Engages the mind before the hand
Step back 5 paces from the job
Invest 5 minutes to step through the work in your mind.
When to use step back 5 x 5
During toolbox meetings before the commencement of
work.

9. Throughout the days activities, especially after breaks.
Group meetings at the completion of the days work.
How is step back 5 by 5 done?
Stop and think
. Observe
. Step through the task in your mind
. Think about what else is happening in the area
. Identify the hazards
. How can I control the hazards?
. Is the hazard controlled?
During the job, after meals or breaks
After the job
. Observe the work area
. Control hazards that may have been created
. Reflect
. Did you feel safe?
. Were others around you working safely?
. How can I improve next time?
. Is the hazard controlled?
Benefits of JSA include:
Increases safety awareness
. Allows input from key players
. Increases knowledge of the job
. Leads to written procedures
. Has a future use/benefits (similar, identical jobs)
. Accident prevention responsibilities addressed
. Provides training materials
. Saves time – correct equipment identified and available
. Improves communication
. Educate workforce in the use of JSA procedure.

10. Reduces accidents.
Job safety analysis worksheet.
WORK GROUP:
EQUIPME
LOCATIO
DATE: JOB STAR
DETAILED JOB DESCRIPTION :
PREPARED BY: REVIEWE
NAME: NAME:
SIGN: SIGN:
MANDATORY PPE: Safety Boots, Coverall, Hard Hats and Safety
Glasses
ADDITIONAL PPE REQUIRED:
TOOLS REQUIRED:
SEQUENCE OF BASIC JOB STEPS P
JSA DISCUSSION AT TOOL BOX MEETING, LED BY: NAME:
JSA TEAM MEMBERS:
NAMES: SIGN