Mountains In Pakistan

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Mountains In Pakistan
Pakistan is blessed with a long range of mountains that are
an attraction for geologists and mountain climbers from all
over the world. Pakistan has more than a hundred peaks
that are above 7,000 meters. Out of the world's 14 highest
peaks, four are in Pakistan. These highest peaks are situated
mainly in the Karakoram Range. Some of the famous
mountains found in Pakistan are been discussed below:-
 Karakoram
 Himalaya
 Hindu Kush
 Hindu Raj
 K2
 Safed Koh
 Kirthar
 Salt Range
 Suleiman

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Karakoram Range in Pakistan
Karakoram means black stone, it is believed to be the north
western extension of greater Himalayan mountain system,
covering the borders between Pakistan, India and China, in
the regions of Gilgit-Baltistan (Pakistan), Ladakh (India),
and Xinjiang region, (China).
The range is about 500 km (311 mile) in length, and is
bounded on the northeast by the edge of the Tibetan
Plateau, and on the Karakoram Rangenorth by the Pamir
Mountains. The southern boundary of the Karakoram is
formed, west to east, by the Gilgit, Indus, and Shyok Rivers,
which separate the range from the north-western end of the
Himalaya range.

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Karakoram is also home to the most dense collection of
highest peaks to be found anywhere on earth, including the
K2, the second highest peak of the world (8,611 m/28,251 ft).
At one point, within a short radius of 15 Kilometres, stand
41 peaks over 6500 meters, including 04 peaks above 8000
M. The 360view offers a panorama of peaks nowhere to be
found on this Earth.
It is also the most heavily glaciated part of the world
outside the polar regions. The Siachen Glacier at 70 km and
the Biafo Glacier at 63 km rank as the world's second and
third longest glaciers outside the polar regions. Other
glaciers include Baltoro, 62 kms, Batura, 58 kms, Hisper, 53
kms, Rimo, 45 kms, Chogo Lungma 47 kms, Panmah, 44
kms, Khurdopin, 41 kms and Saropo Laggo, 33kms in
length.

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Himalaya Range in Pakistan
The greater Himalaya range runs west to east, from the
Indus river valley in northern Pakistan to the Brahmaputra
river valley in northern India and Tibet, forming an arc
2,400 km long, which varies in width from 400 km in
Northern Pakistan to 150 km in the eastern Tibet.
The name comes from the Sanskrit word, meaning "snow
land". The Western Himalayas are situated in Kashmir
valley and Northern Pakistan, to the south and east of
Indus River, and is dominated by Nanga Parbat massif with
highest peak rising Map Himalaya Range 8125 meters above
the sea level, Pakistan’s 2nd and world’s 9th highest peak.

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Nanga Parbat peak is also famous for its unique Rupal Face which
rises 4,600 meters straight above its base and the mountain is
considered as one of the most difficult and dangerous to climb, nick
named as Killer Mountain.
The Himalaya range occupies in Pakistan the regions of Kashmir,
Kaghan, Kohistan, Deosai and Chilas. Nanga Parbat The western
Himalya is also dominated by Deosai plains situated at the average
height of about 4114 m and covering an area more than 3000 square
kilometres. The place can be accessed from Skardu and is so well
known for its rich flora and fauna including summer flowers and
endangered wild life species like brown bears.

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The Himalayas are among the youngest mountain ranges on the
planet and consist mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic
rock. Deosai Plains Pakistan According to the modern theory of
plate tectonics their formation is a result of a continental collision
along the boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the
Eurasian Plate.
The higher regions of the Himalayas are snowbound throughout the
year and are the most heavily glaciated part of the world outside the
Polar Regions. These glaciers form the sources for several large
perennial rivers, most of which combine into two large river
systems. The western rivers combine into the Indus Basin, of which
the Indus River is the largest.

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The Indus river runs south west from Tibet through India and then
through full length of Pakistan to the Arabian Sea. Indus River also
marks the boundary line between Himalaya, Karakoram and
Hindukush and at one point, at the confluence of Indus and Gilgit
rivers all three great ranges come face to face, creating a unique
geographical feature on earth.
On its way the Indus River is fed by the Jhelum, the Chenab, the
Ravi, the Beas, and the Sutlej rivers, which also trace their sources
in the western Himalyan regions of Kashmir. On the other hand
most of the eastern Himalayan Rivers drain the Ganges-
Brahmaputra Basin. The Ganges and the Brahmaputra meet in
Bangladesh, and drain into the Bay of Bengal.

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Hindu Kush Range In Pakistan
In the north-west there is a mountain range called Hindu
Kush. Most parts of the high Hindu Kush range (Eastern
Hindu Kush range), are located in northern Pakistan and
Afghanistan. This range is also present in Ghizar, Yasin
Valley, and Ishkoman in Pakistan’s Northern Areas. Tirich
Mir, located in Chitral (25,289 ft) is the highest point in the
Hindu Kush range.

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Hindu Raj Mountain
The Hindu Raj is located in the northern region of Pakistan,
between the Hindu Kush and the Karakoram ranges. Koyo Zom
(22,546 ft) is its highest peak.

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Safed Koh
The Safed Koh or White Mountain range lies at the Pakistan-
Afghanistan border. It ranges up to 4,761 meters (15,620 ft) above
sea-level.

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K2
This is the second highest mountain in the world, and a
part of the Karakoram Range extending from the
Himalayan range. It is located on the bordering parts of
Northern areas of Pakistan and China. Due to the difficult
ascend of this mountain; K2 is also called Savage
Mountain.
A European team first attempted to climb K2 in 1856. A
member of this team, Thomas Montgomerie, named this
peak “K2” as it was the second highest in the Karakoram
Range. The other five peaks are named as K1
(Masherbrum), K3 (Broad Peak), K4 (Gasherbrum II) and
K5 (Gasherbrum I).

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Kirthar
Kirthar Mountains are located in Sindh and Balochistan.
The range extends southward for nearly 300km from the
Mula River (Balochistan) to Cape Muari (west of Karachi)
on the Arabian Sea.
The maximum altitude of the Kirthar range that is present in
Sindh is almost 7,056 feet above sea-level, which makes it
Sindh's highest peak. This range is present a few miles north-
west of the Gorakh Hill Station (5,688 feet.)

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Salt Range
In Punjab there is a hill system called 'The Salt Range'. It gets its
name from the extensive rock salt deposits that are present in the
area. This range lies across the northern province of Punjab, from
the Jhelum River to the Indus. The famous salt mines of Khewra,
Mayo, Warcha and Kalabagh are present in 'The Salt Range'.

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Suleiman
The Suleiman Mountains are located in northern Balochistan and
Zabul province of Afghanistan. It is present at the border of the
Indian Subcontinent and the Iranian Plateau and west of the Indus
River. Takht-e-Suleiman, meaning Solomon's Throne with a height
of 3,487 m (11,437 feet) in Balochistan is the highest peak of
Suleiman Mountains.

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Deserts In Pakistan
There are five major deserts in Pakistan which are as follows:-
Indus Valley Desert
Cholistan Desert
Kharan Desert
Thar Desert
Thal Desert
Indus Valley Desert (Punjab)
The Indus Valley Desert is a desert ecoregion of northern
Pakistan. The Indus Valley desert covers an area of 19,500
square kilometers (7,500 square miles) in northwestern
Punjab Province, lying between the Chenab and Indus
rivers. The Indus Valley Desert is drier and less hospitable
than the Northwestern thorn scrub forests that surround it.

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Cholistan Desert (Punjab)
The word Cholistan is derived from the Turkish word Chol, which
means Desert. Cholistan thus means Land of the Desert. The people
of Cholistan lead a semi-nomadic life, moving from one place to
another in search of water and fodder for their animals. The dry bed
of the Hakra River runs through the area, along which many
settlements of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found.

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Kharan Desert (Balochistan)
Kharan Desert) is a desert located in Kharan District, Balochistan,
Pakistan. Pakistan's second nuclear test were performed in the
Kharan desert in 1998 May 30 of a miniaturised device yielding 60
percent of the Ras Koh Hills tests.

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Thar (Sindh)
The Thar Desert (Hindi: also known as the Great Indian Desert is a
large, arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian
subcontinent. With an area of more than 200,000 sq. km (140,000
sq. mi.)It is world's seventeenth largest desert. It lies mostly in the
Indian state of Rajasthan, and extends into the southern portion of
Haryana and Punjab states and into northern Gujarat state. In
Pakistan, the desert covers eastern Sind province and the
southeastern portion of Pakistan's Punjab province. The Cholistan
Desert adjoins the Thar Desert spreading into Pakistani Punjab
province.
The Thar Desert is bounded on the northwest by the Sutlej River,
on the east by the Aravalli Range, on the south by the salt marsh
known as the Rann of Kutch (parts of which are sometimes
included in the Thar), and on the west by the Indus River. Its
boundary to the large thorny steppe to the north is ill-defined.
Depending on what areas are included or excluded, the nominal
size of the Thar can vary significantly.

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Thal (Punjab)
The Thal desert is situated in Punjab, Pakistan. It is vast area mainly
between the Jhelum and Sindh rivers near the Potohar Plateau. Its
total length from north to south is 190 miles, and its maximum
breadth is 70 miles while minimum breadth is 20 miles. This region
is divided into the districts of Bhakkar, Khushab, Mianwali, Jhang,
Layyah, and Muzaffargarh. Its part in Jhang is on the left bank bank
of the river Jehlum. Geographically, it resembles the deserts of
Cholistan and Thar. Main town of Thal are Mankera, Hayderabad
Thal, Dullewala, Piplan, Kundiyan, Koat Aazam, Sarauy Muhajir,
Mehmood Shaheed Thal, Rang Pur, Jandan Wala, Mari Shah
Sakhira, Noor Pur Thal, and Muzafar Garh. Very deprived area from
all prospectives. Educational facilities are as low as one can expect.
Villages having population of 10 thousand people are more are
striving for high schools. Situation becomes more worse in case of
female education.

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Rivers in Pakistan
The river system of Pakistan originates from the snow-
covered Himalayan and the Karakoram Range. The
system comprises mainly five rivers that pass mostly
through the Punjab province; therefore the name
'Punjab' — 'panj' meaning five and 'aab' meaning water.
There are Five rivers of Pakistan which are as follows:-
Jhelum
Chenab
Ravi
Sutlej
Indus

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Jhelum
River Jhelum is nearly 774 kilometres long and is the
tributary of River Chenab. Jhelum originates from the
south-eastern part of Kashmir valley and flows through
Srinagar before entering Pakistan.
Along its journey, it is joined by the largest tributary of
the Neelam River near Muzaffarabad. River Jhelum also
has many dams and barrages constructed on it, with one
of the dams being Mangla which is the world's largest
earth-fill dam and was constructed in 1967. It has a
storage capacity of nearly 5.9 million acre-feet. Rasul
Barrage is also built on Jhelum River as well as Trimmu
Barrage.

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Chenab
The Chandra and Bhaga rivers in the upper Himalayas join to form
the Chenab River. Chenab flows through Jammu and Kashmir. It is
then joined by the Jhelum River at Trimmu, a flood control
mechanism near Jhang and on moving further it merges with the
Sutlej near Uch Sharif in Pakistan. Chenab River is nearly 960
kilometres long.

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Ravi
River Ravi, like many other rivers of the region, originates in the
Himalayas. After it flows through south-west region of Indian
Punjab, it moves along the Indo-Pak border and enters Pakistan and
merges with Chenab. River Ravi is nearly 720 kilometres long. It's
also called 'The river of Lahore' since the city of Lahore is located at
Ravi's eastern bank.

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Sutlej
Sutlej flows through the historic crossroad region of Punjab
in northern India and Pakistan. It is located north of the
Vindhya Range, south of the Hindu Kush segment of the
Himalayas, and east of the Central Suleiman Range in
Pakistan. Some 550 kilometres long, Sutlej is also called as
the Red River.

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Indus
The Indus River is the longest river in Pakistan,
originating from the Himalayan region. It is also the
world's 21st largest river in terms of annual water flow.
With a total length of 3,180 kilometres, it is also Pakistan's
lifeline.
Indus River originates from the Tibetan plateau near Lake
Mansarovar in China. It then runs through Jammu and
Kashmir, enters the Gilgit-Baltistan (formerly Northern
Areas of Pakistan) region and flows through the entire
length of the country and merges with the Arabian Sea.
The Indus River fulfils the water requirements of Pakistan
and is the main support for agriculture. The main
tributaries of Indus are Astor River, Balram River, Gilgit
River, Kabul River, Tanubal River and the Zanskar River.

Mountains In Pakistan

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