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ATS-16: Making Data Count, Krista Nordback
1. Bike-Ped Portal
The National Online Non-motorized Traffic Count Archive
Krista Nordback, Ph.D., P.E., Kristin Tufte, Ph.D.
Morgan Harvey, Nathan McNeil
March 14, 2016
Oregon Active Transportation Summit
2. Thank you to our partners!
Oregon
Community
Foundation
5. How many bike and walk?
• Surveys
• National
• Regional
• Local
• Intercept
• GPS
• Counts
• Permanent
• Short duration
• Manual
• Automated
Source: Community Cycles
13. Bike-Ped Portal
• Online database bp.its.pdx.edu
• 5 million records loaded for 5 states
• Upload/download data
14. Uploaded Data
• 5 states
• 12 counties
• 343 road or path segments (including 278 in Oregon)
• 355 detectors (both human and machine)
• 38 million people counted
Bicycle
65%
Other
9%
Pedestrian
26%
MODES
44. Why measure walking & biking?
•Funding & policy decisions
•To show change over time
•Facility design
•Planning (short-term, long-term, regional…)
•Economic impact
•Public health
•Safety
45. What good are counts?
• Funding!
• Facility Level
• Change Over Time
• Planning and Design
• Safety Analysis
• Validate Regional Models
• Prioritize Projects
• Bicycle Miles Traveled (BMT)
• Signal Timing
46. Signal Timing
Vehicle Delay
Kothuri, S. M., Reynolds, T., Monsere, C. M., & Koonce, P. (2013). Testing
Strategies to Reduce Pedestrian Delay at Signalized Intersections. A Pilot Study in
Portland, OR. Paper presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the
Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.
Pedestrian
50. Conclusions
• Data sharing makes the most of the data we have
• Bicycle and pedestrian count data are complex
• Designed for compatibility
• Connecting a “Detector” with a “Flow” via a table adds
versatility to the schema
– Allows archive to handle mobile counters
– Allows multiple counts of the same flow/time (as for
validation counts)
• Minimizing data in count data table
– Saves memory
– Improves performance/efficiency
51. Next Steps in Phase I
• User data input interface
• Automated upload
• User data output interface
• Basic QA/QC
52. Phase II and beyond
• Future Phases (unfunded)
– Enhanced QA/QC
– Analysis tools
• Summary Statistics
• AADT from short duration counts
• Integrating with weather data
53. Use Case – Mobile counters
The same detector can be associated
with multiple facilities and flows (at
different times).
54. Use Case
Validation Counts – Manual counts checking automated
counter
• Multiple counts of the same flow at the same time with
different “detectors”
DETECTOR 1
DETECTOR 2
57. Segment Area
Segment Area
A segment area is a stretch of transportation right-of-way over which the
volume of non-motorized traffic is not expected to substantially change.
66. Highlights
• Online database bp.its.pdx.edu
• Upload non-motorized counts
• Download online
• 4.8 million records loaded for 5 states
• Demo-site
• API
68. Count Data
Sources
Bike-Ped Portal
Database
Bike-Ped Portal Web Site
Semi-
automated
ftp uploads
Data
Uploaded
via Web
interface
Raw
data
Validated
data
Meta-data
Email with
approval link
(automated
uploads)
Bike-Ped Portal
System Architecture
Visual
Validation
Interface
Data Upload
Interface
Data
Upload Script
Rejected
Data
Automated
QA/QC Checks
86. Example
Short Duration Sites: 200
Permanent Sites: 20
Count Records: 30,000
Peak Hour: 1,500
Peak Day: 15,000
Max AADB: 3,000
Selected Year: 2014
Selected County: Multnomah
Short Duration Sites: 200
Permanent Sites: 20
Count Records: 30,000
Peak Hour: 1,500
Peak Day: 15,000
Max AADB: 3,000
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
2012 2013 2014
AADB
High Volume Site (Peak Hour > 60)
High Volume Site (Peak Hour 20 to 60)
Low Volume Site (Peak Hour < 20)
Selected Metric: AADB
87. Questions for TAC on
“Explore Data Page”
• What information should be displayed
immediately?
• How should counts be aggregated?
• For which detectors should data be displayed?
• All detectors in the archive?
• Just the detectors with the most recent data?
• Map
• Should there be a map?
• What should be on the map?
89. Phase II
FHWA funded
• AADT estimation for new sites
NITC funded
• Basic Data Quality
• Quality notes from data provider
• Improved data warning flags
• Communication with data
provider
• Explore Data Page
• Usability
• edit metadata
• Maintenance
• Data Wrangling
Need funding for
• Manual data user
interface
• Input interface
improvements:
• Draw segment area as
polygon
• Intersection schema
design
• Intersection schema
changes
• QA/QC enhancements
• TMG format
output/input
90. What is our purpose?
• Calculate monthly or annual average (AADT, etc)
• Chart trends over time
• Made data accessible
• Promote consistent and reliable bike/ped data
• Prioritizing ped/bike projects
• Other Purposes from TAC:
• Counter Maintenance
• Corridor Analysis
91. Use Cases
1. Calculate monthly or annual average counts
2. Chart trends over time (year over year change)
3. Make data accessible
4. Show decision-makers the data
5. Evaluate the effects of new infrastructure
6. Compare to other communities
7. Understand the impact of weather
8. Compare to NHTS/ACS data
9. Prioritize projects
10. Crash exposure measures
11. Corridor analysis
92. Use Cases
1. Calculate monthly or annual average counts
2. Chart trends over time (year over year change)
3. Make data accessible
4. Show decision-makers the data
5. Evaluate the effects of new infrastructure
6. Compare to other communities
7. Understand the impact of weather
8. Compare to NHTS/ACS data
9. Prioritize projects
10. Crash exposure measures
11. Corridor analysis
Addressed in Tier 1
101. Segment Area
Facilities
FlowsDetectors
Conceptual diagram of the pieces of the schema.
Segment area is the largest rectangular region.
(Think the Hawthorne Bridge in Portland, OR)
Facilities are the smaller green rectangular regions.
(Think sidewalks or bike lanes, for example)
The lines represent flows.
The large black dots represent detectors.
105. Facilities Example
Zooming in on a cross-section of the Hawthorne Bridge Segment area, we see the
individual facilities that make it up. In our context, a facility is a demarcated portion of
the roadway, such as a traffic lane, bike lane or sidewalk. On the Hawthorne Bridge, the
facilities include a north side shared use path, two westbound traffic lanes, two east
bound traffic lanes, and a south side shared use path.
Google Maps
106. • A Facility represents a facility along which people travel
• People may use multiple modes of travel along a facility (bikes, walking, horses)
• An example of a facility is a sidewalk or a bike lane
• Path_type can be : 'roadway’, 'path/trail’, 'sidewalk’, 'cycle track',
'bike lane’, 'general activity count'
ER Diagram
111. • Detectors represents a physical detector
– no location information
• Detectorid is key
• Serial_num also identifies detector
• Handles mobile detectors well
ER Diagram
113. count_descriptor
• Count Descriptor connects detectors and
flows
• A Count Descriptor represents an
installation of a detector at a particular
location – note location information
(geom)
• Designed to handle permanently
installed detectors and mobile detectors
count_descriptor_id
ER Diagram
117. Top three lines are for REFERENCE ONLY
Document Name
Header Row – must read as shown
The “Date-Time” is the start time for the time
period during which count occurred. Date-time
must be in the following format:
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
Duration is the length of the time period
during which counts occurred. Duration is
a time field in the following format:
HH:MM:SS
The count is the number of road users of
the type defined as the traffic “flow”
which are counted by the “detector”
during the given “duration” after the
given “Date-Time.”
Bike-Ped Portal Data Format
118. Reference
Lines
The first 3 lines of the upload file can be any text
you choose:
• There is a limit of 1024 characters per line.
• Only use Column A
• These can be any text. It will be saved in the
archive with the record of the upload.
• These lines are for REFERENCE ONLY
NOTE: The count will be linked to the Count
Descriptor selected during the web upload
process. The Reference lines are NOT used to
link the count to a location or detector
122. Document
Name
Rules for document names (aka file names):
• The file name must not contain only letters,
numbers and underscores.
• No spaces or special characters ($,/,-, ^…).
• The file must end in *.csv.
• Don’t use names longer than 200 characters.
Other than that, the name is completely up to
the person supplying the data.
We suggest that documents be labeled with
some indication of what detector/station it is
and some indication of the facility and flow of
traffic. For example, “Hawthorne_bike_NE.csv”
indicates the location name (Hawthorne), the
traffic flow counted (bike) and the facility (N),
and direction of travel (E).
123. Header Row
4th row is the header row which must read as
shown:
• Date-Time,Duration,Count
NOTE: The upload script must find these rows in
order to properly upload the data. Do not
include any spaces.
124. Date-Time
Column
Below the Header Row, each row of the “Date-
Time” column represent the START TIME of the
count.
The Date-Time column must be in the following
format:
YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS
125. Converting to the Date-Time
Column formatTo convert your Date-Time column to the correct format:
1) Select the relevant cells
2) Click “Home” > “Number” > “Custom” as shown below
3) Copy and Paste “YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS” (without quotes) into the box below the work
“Type:”
4) Select “OK”
126. Converting to the Date-Time
Column format
Wrong Format Correct Format
127. Computing Duration
Duration is the length of the time period during which counts occurred. For example, if 25
cyclists were counted between 5:30 PM and 6:00 PM, the duration would be 00:30:00.
If you only have start times counts in your file, duration can be calculated in Excel by
subtracting the Date-Time in the following row from the Date time in the current row as
shown below.
128. Converting to the Duration Column
formatTo convert your Duration column to the correct format:
1) Select the relevant cells
2) Click “Home” > “Number” > “Custom” as shown below
3) Copy and Paste “HH:MM:SS” (without quotes) into the box below the work “Type:”
4) Select “OK”
129. Save File as CSV
If you are editing the file in Excel, save it as a CSV by
1. File/Save As
135. Count Data
Sources
Bike-Ped Portal
Database
Bike-Ped Portal Web Site
Semi-
automated
ftp uploads
Data
Uploaded
via Web
interface
Raw
data
Validated
data
Meta-data
Email with
approval link
(automated
uploads)
Bike-Ped Portal
System Architecture
Visual
Validation
Interface
Data Upload
Interface
Data
Upload Script
Rejected
Data
Automated
QA/QC Checks
10 to 15 minutes; Portland State University’s national online archive of pedestrian and bicycle count data and how it can be used to inform planning and design
National Household Travel Survey
American Community Survey
Regional Travel Diaries
Performance metrics, safety
Mention that we’re working on a TRB paper
205 peds, 1522 bikes in 2 hrs
More diverse than motorized data
Performance metrics
AADB in 2011 on C470 trail is 218
Tigard, OR 24 hours of video was recorded at the intersection of OR-99W and Hall Boulevard in Tigard, OR from 9:00 AM on Thursday, August 29th, 2013 to 9:00 AM on Friday, August 30th, 2013.
Mention that we’re working on a TRB paper
Include all transportation-related facilities within the right-of-way, such as sidewalks, motor vehicle lanes, bicycle lanes, and multi-use paths. Do not include traffic at intersections, but driveways can be included if they don’t substantially impact non-motorized traffic volume.
For the Hawthorne Bridge, the segment area would be the area between the entrances and exits on either side of the bridge. A segment area is composed of all the facilities (e.g. traffic lanes, bike lanes, sidewalks, etc.) within the right-of-way along a defined stretch of road or path. In a more typical city block, the segment area might extend the length of a block, but would not include the intersections (where traffic might enter or exit the segment area)
More diverse than motorized data
Mention that we’re working on a TRB paper
Flow-Detectors: 946
To make a good dashboard, what data to display needs to be precisely defined. For sites such as Portal, where data is updated in near-realtime, this is fairly easy and straightforward to do. For BP, the data is inserted into the database in a wide variety of frequencies. Automated data from EcoCounter can potentially be inserted daily or hourly and span a single day or hour. Other sites may see a year's (or more) worth of data uploaded at a time through the manual upload process. The difference between the two makes it hard to define what would be useful for a user. Should the user just see a listing of their most recent updates? Shouild the user's organization's most recent data be displayed as a graph? Should this be less of a dashboard and more of just a simplified version of one of the other tools, such as download? I've summarized this inot the following questions and included some examples of transportation and non-transportation related dashboards.
• What information should be displayed immediately on the dashboard?
For people with data coming from Ecocounter or other eventual automated sources, this could show the most recent data to validate that the upload is working or provide updated information to the user. For non-automated people, this doesn't make sense.
• How should counts be aggregated?
• For which detectors should data be displayed?
Should a user see data for all the detectors in the organization? All detectors in the archive? Just the detector with the most recent data?
• What level of interaction would be expected from the map? (Should there be a map?)
• What should be displayed on the map?
• How much interactivity should be put into the dashboard and how much should be broken off to separate pages?
• Should the dashboard just list recent activity for the user's organizations? (uploads, etc.)?
Examples:
http://www.mcgi.state.mi.us/MITRP/Data/PaserDashboard.aspx
https://apps.ncdot.gov/dot/dashboard/
https://greendashboard.dc.gov/transportation/transit
Any web traffic dashboard (e.g., Google Analytics)