Barry Grummer leads a respected roofing and facade restoration company that provides clients throughout New Jersey and New York City with quality building solutions. Blessed with a passion for travel, Barry Grummer has visited locales from Machu Picchu in Peru to Istanbul and Cappadocia in Turkey.

1. Istanbul - An Historic City Spanning
Empires and Civilizations
Barry Grummer

2. Introduction
 Barry Grummer leads a respected roofing and facade
restoration company that provides clients throughout
New Jersey and New York City with quality building
solutions. Blessed with a passion for travel, Barry
Grummer has visited locales from Machu Picchu in Peru
to Istanbul and Cappadocia in Turkey.
A historic crossroads between East and West, Istanbul
stands in the geographic area where Neolithic humans
crossed from Asia into Europe by foot, as the Bosphorus
Straits, which currently divide the continents, only formed
5,000 years ago. The area subsequently became a trade
colony of the ancient Phoenicians, who dominated
Mediterranean seafaring.

3. Istanbul
 Beginning in the 7th century B.C., Byzantium emerged as
a Greek colony that connected sea trade between the
Mediterranean and the Black Sea. Conquered by
Emperor Severus at the start of the 2nd century B.C., it
was a vital Roman city. In the third century A.D.,
Constantin the Great succeeded in bringing together the
Western and Eastern parts of the Roman Empire and
moved the capital city from Rome to what was renamed
Constantinople. Constantin was also noteworthy as the
first Roman leader who converted to Christianity.
Prior to the emergence of modern Turkey in the early
20th century, Istanbul stood as the capital of the Ottoman
empire, and it was during this 450-year period that many
of the city’s defining buildings were constructed, from the
Blue Mosque to the Topkapi Palace.