Energy Grid Modernizing Methodology.

1. Integrating the Grid of
the Future
Designing for procurement, operations and
maintenance
Mar-17-2014
By Bassem Maurice, Schneider Electric,
Offer Manager – Feeder Automation

2. Outline
SEC1 - The Grid
SEC2 - The Feeder
SEC3 - Evolving the Feeder

3. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Grid
Historic, Current and Future

4. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
History of the US Grid evolution
●Energy systems were small and localized
●The AC versus DC is an early indicator of
competing technologies
●Small systems were consolidated throughout
the early 1900s
●Today’s electricity grid is extraordinarily
complex as a result.

5. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Current Grid
●Multiple standards
●Proprietary protocols
●Fragmented technologies
●Oil switchgear
●Vacuum Interrupters
●Air-break Switchgear
●Fiber in the substation
●Electromechanical Protection
●Microprocessor based Protection
●SAIDI above 130 min

6. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Future Grid Needs and New Players
Distributed Energy Resources
●Potential Benefits of DER
●Redundancy for critical loads
●Reduces impact due to tampering
●Reduces Flicker and Harmonic Distortion
●Impact
●Responsive Voltage Regulation
●Granular Voltage Regulation
*Source: “The Future of the electric Grid, an interdisciplinary MIT study”, 2011
http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/the-electric-grid-2011.shtml
*The Shepherds Flat Wind Farm is an 845 MW wind farm in the U.S. state of Oregon.

7. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Future Grid Needs and New Players
Electrical Vehicles Growth
Consumers
Support for clean energy
Better driving experience
10:1 Long-term cost advantage
Governments
Providing purchase incentives
$2 billion in grants issued
Energy independence
Auto manufacturers
Must average 35 MPG across the fleet by
2020
Delivering 40+ new EV models in next few
years
Cost Declines
Supply chain improvements narrowing the
initial cost gap
Battery cost declining s
Nissan Leaf
In Market
Chevy Volt
In Market
Ford Focus EV
In Market
BMW ActiveE
In Market
Honda Fit EV
In Market
Tesla Model S
In Market
Ford C-MAX Energi
2013
Toyota Rav4 EV
In Market
Audi A1 E-tron
2013
VW Golf Blue-e-
motion
2014
Toyota Prius plug-
in hybrid
In Market
Exponential EV Growth
2010 :Thousands 2011:Tens of Thousands 2014:100’s of Thousands 2020:Millions 2030:Tens of Millions
BMW i3
2014

8. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Future Grid Needs and New Players
Electrical Vehicles
Power Requirement of a Single Home in the San Francisco Bay Area with and without
Electric Vehicle Charging
“The Future of the electric Grid, an interdisciplinary MIT study”, 2011
http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/the-electric-grid-2011.shtml

9. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Future Grid Needs and New Players
Electrical Vehicles
THE EFFECT OF UNCOORDINATED CHARGING ON TRANSFORMERS
“The Future of the electric Grid, an interdisciplinary MIT study”, 2011
http://web.mit.edu/mitei/research/studies/the-electric-grid-2011.shtml

10. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Smart Generation
(bulk, distributed & renewable)
Smart Distribution
(DMS, substations, feeders)
Demand Response
Efficient homes
(incl. EV charging infrastructure)21
1
2
1
3
3
Connecting utilities with customers, bridging
supply & demand for greater efficiency
4
5
1
4
5
Efficient Enterprise
(buildings, industries & datacenters
+ EV charging infrastructure)
The Smart Utility
* Source: “Schneider Electric Integrating Demand Management”,
Greg Thomson, DistribuTech 2014

11. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Automating Dispatchable Resources
● Integrate Supply-side and Demand-side resources into real-time and day-ahead
operations
Generation
External renewable
energy resources
(solar and wind)
Energy
purchases
and sales
Demand
management
and load
control (ADR)
Energy storage and
electric vehicles
Distributed
generation, PV,
and microgrids
Centralized
Control Center
* Source: “Schneider Electric Integrating Demand Management”, Greg Thomson, DistribuTech 2014

12. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Grid of the future

13. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Technology Gap
“ Valley of Death”
R&DSpend
Future GridCurrent Grid
Evolution
Design

14. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Quantifying the Gap
●Quantifying the Gap between Current and
Vision
●Example from the telecom industry
●Not as fragmented technologies
(due to the relatively young
network)
●Yet a decade was required to
converge.
●This highlights the difference
between:
● designing an optimum
architecture, and
●evolving towards optimum
architecture

15. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Feeder
Impact and modernization

16. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Utility as Energy Market Place
●Micro generators
●Renewable Resources
●Multiple Industries
●Automotive
●Telecom
●Information
The Distribution Network is
where it all comes together

17. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Feeder as the Highway
●Power flow in both direction
●Ensuring quality
●Regulating the traffic
●Protecting assets
●Ensuring the safety
Is the SAIDI of today acceptable?
Even if acceptable for the regulator today
SAIDI of the future grid
• goes beyond customer satisfaction
• It reflects interruptions to the business of Energy Exchange
How good is the Feeder Voltage profile?
Ready
Feeder
FLISR VVO

18. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
The Feeder Networks
• Protect
• Increase Reliability
• Maximize life
MV
Network
• Modernize
• Increase Reliability
• Integrate
Comms
Network
• Build
• Evolve
• Integrate
Control
Network

19. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Evolving the Feeder
Possible Integration Architectures

20. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Overhead Radial Feeder Automation
The Opportunity
R
Load Break Switch
• Adding a Recloser decreases SAIFI and SAIDI by ~70%
• For 5 zones, uniform fault probability and assuming N users
per zone:
• Automating the LBS further reduces SAIFI and SAIDI by
40%
Only 30% of overhead
faults are permanent
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5

21. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Overhead Ring Feeder Automation
The Opportunity
R
Load Break Switch
Tie Switch
• For uniform fault probability, 𝑛 𝑍 zones
and assuming N users per zone:
• Automating the Tie further reduces
SAIFI and SAIDI by 1 −
1
𝑛 𝑍
• A reduction of 80% for 5 zones
R
The Load Break Switch is a versatile
automation point
Reliable and Fast Operation of the
Switch make or break the solution.

22. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Architecture Topologies
CENTRALIZED
• Devices report change of state to central
• Central real-time algorithms decide
• Commands issued to all devices top-down
DECENTRALIZED
• With or without communication
• Real-time algorithms distributed
• Device make a decision and action locally
• Advise the next device in the scheme (if P2P)
HYBRID
•Enacttimecriticalalgorithmsas
decentralized
•Handcontroltocentralforlesstime
constrained
LOCALIZED
• Devices report change of state to RTU
• RTU real-time algorithms decide
• Commands issued by RTU to devices

23. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Implement using Centralized
Architecture
Keys to Success
Advanced
Distribution
Management
System (ADMS)
Timing
Communications Bus
Central Server
Control
Center

24. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
• N/A
• Minimal Impact
• Full network visibility and analytics
to support Planning
• Deployment competency can be
contracted
• Difficult to scale
• High CAPEX
•Model allows simulating impact to
the network.
•Higher visibility allows network
wide self healing algorithms
•Easily add applications
•Heavily dependent on
Communication availability
•Requires wider bandwidth
•GIS integration streamlines
maintenance
Impact of Centralized design
•Retrain Operations
Design
Planning
&
Deployment
Purchasing
&
Procurement
Operations
&
Maintenance

25. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
10km15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Tie
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km 2C
1C
5km
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
The downstream Midpoint device changes
protection group in anticipation to the power
flow direction change and goes to Single Shot
(no auto-reclose) mode after its timer expires.
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes after its
timer expires.
The Feeder device picks up, executes a
trip & goes to lockout.
Closed
Open
Switchgear
Live
Dead
Line
Feeder 1
Other Midpoint devices also change protection group and go
to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode after their timers expire.
Midpoint 1
B+SSB
BB+SS
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
The Tie close causes the fault to be re-energized.
However, since the closest Midpoint is in single-shot,
it trips to disconnect the fault and goes to lockout.
> Fault isolated
> Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
> No operator intervention
Implement using De-Centralized
Architecture – No Comms

26. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Implement using De-Centralized
Architecture – M2M Comms
10km15km
10km
7.5km
Midpoint 4
Midpoint 3
2D
Feeder 2
2B
10km
2A
1A
Midpoint 2
7.5km
1D
1B
7.5km
Feeder 1
2C
1C
5km
B
The Feeder device executes a trip and goes to lockout.
The Feeder device Picks up, executes a trip/reclose
sequence & goes to lockout. It will then send a trip
request to its downstream device and a close request to
the Tie device using Modbus M2M communications.
Closed
Tripped
Switchgear
Live
Dead
Line
Modbus Trip Request
Other Midpoint devices also change protection group
and go to Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode after their
timers expire.
Tie
Modbus Close Request
Midpoint 1
B+SS
BB+SS
Substation CB’s
(or other switchgear)
The Tie device also changes protection group depending
on which side the power was lost (source or load), goes to
Single Shot (no auto-reclose) mode and closes upon
receiving a close request and having its timer expired.
Loop Automation Activation Delay
timers start due to a loss of supply.
> Fault isolated
> Power restored to unfaulted sections in less than 1 minute
> No operator intervention

27. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
• If using proprietary protocols,
minimize P&P leverage over
supplier.
• Same if standardizing devices
rather that protocols
• N/A
• Easily Scalable
• Deployment as per current
practices
•Fast ROI
•Staged CAPEX
• N/A
•Highest Network Availability
•Low Bandwidth Comms
•Can be done with no Comms
•Can be locked into proprietary
protocols
•Comms version is incompatible
with legacy gear
•Operation is as per current
practices
Impact of De-Centralized design
•Maintenance can be complex if not
designed in.
Design
Planning
&
Deployment
Purchasing
&
Procurement
Operations
&
Maintenance

28. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Implement using Localized
SR
TR
B
B
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Zone 1 Zone 2
Zone2
Subzone
2-1
Subzone
2-2
Subzone
2-3
Subzone
2-4
LBS 1 LBS 2
LBS 3
RTU
SR
TR
B
B
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Zone 1 Zone 2
Zone2
Subzone
2-1
Subzone
2-2
Subzone
2-3
Subzone
2-4
LBS 1 LBS 2
LBS 3
RTU
Local Communications Bus
Central Server
Central Communications Bus
ControlCenter

29. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Implement using Localized –
Minimizing Bandwidth
RTU

30. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Implement using Localized –
Minimizing Bandwidth
RTU
SR LBS1 LBS2 LBS3

31. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
• If using proprietary protocols,
minimal supplier leverage
• Allows for supplier diversity
•Easily Scalable
•Fast ROI
•Staged CAPEX
• Commissioning can be
complex
•Can integrate legacy gear
•Moderate Bandwidth Comms
•Slower response than
decentralized
•Operation similar to substation
automation
Impact of Localized design
•Maintenance can be complex if not
designed in.
Design
Planning
&
Deployment
Purchasing
&
Procurement
Operations
&
Maintenance

32. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Soft-Handover
● Integrating a Feeder at a time
● Architecture chosen feeder by feeder to suit
assets and communication available to it
● Integrating the system upward
● Breaking the cost of deployment
● Evolving applications as technology is
defined and needs identified
● Monetizing todays opportunities
Centralized
Localized
De-Centralized
SR
TR
B
B
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Zone 1 Zone 2
Zone2
Subzone
2-1
Subzone
2-2
Subzone
2-3
Subzone
2-4
LBS 1 LBS 2
LBS 3
Feeder 1
Feeder 2
Zone 1 Zone 2
Zone2
Subzone
2-1
Subzone
2-2
Subzone
2-3
Subzone
2-4
LBS 1 LBS 2
LBS 3
SR
TR
B
B
Handover
Control
Monitor
FLISRVVO
SIM
FLISRVVO
FLISR
Handover
Control
Monitor
RTU DSCADA
ADMS
FeederSubstationNetwork

33. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014
Conclusion
●Co-existing technologies is how the Grid evolved
●Harnessing the current assets is the first step to integrating
the grid of the future
●Flexible design ensures room to move for Planning, P&P,
Deployment and Operations.
●Evolving design is a strategy to:
● Maximize current assets life
● Allow technology to mature
● Break down CAPEX

34. Integrating the grid of the future – Bassem Maurice – Mar-2014