Green Telecom & IT Workshop: Gee Rittenhouse Keynote
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The document discusses the need for more energy efficient wireless networks to address massive growth in data traffic and the carbon footprint of ICT. It outlines the work of GreenTouch, a research consortium aiming to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 through projects on technologies like massive MIMO, small cells, and network management. Specific projects explore using large antenna arrays, heterogeneous networks, and independent network configuration for signaling and data. While promising results have emerged, much work remains to fully realize dramatic efficiency improvements over the long term evolution of cellular networks.
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Green Telecom & IT Workshop: Gee Rittenhouse Keynote
- 1. Green Wireless Networks Dr. Gee Rittenhouse Chairman of the Board, GreenTouch Chief Operating Officer, Software/Services/Solutions Group, ALU
- 2. MASSIVE DATA TRAFFIC GROWTH 5 000 000 5 000 000 000 78 Mtons of towers people without CO2 broadband 2 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 3. 2020 ICT CARBON FOOTPRINT 820m tons CO2 360m tons CO2 • 2007 Worldwide ICT carbon footprint: 2% = 830 m tons CO2 • Comparable to the global aviation industry • Expected to grow 260m tons CO2 to 4% by 2020 The Climate Group, GeSI report “Smart 2020”, 2008 3 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 4. ICT: A PROBLEM AND THE SOLUTION ICT today: 2% of global emissions… with an opportunity to make tremendous impact on the remaining 98% Gtons CO2 1.4 Lower ICT Emissions 0.8 -0.9 0.5 Zero Growth Line 2002 2007 2020 ‘Greening of ICT’ • How do I reduce or keep in check the Lower emissions from carbon footprint of ICT itself? other Industries ‘Greening with ICT’ • How do I use ICT to reduce carbon footprint and achieve sustainable living? -7.8 • Prediction that ICT will save more Indirect benefit is 10x ICT energy than it will consume target footprint Source: GeSI – SMART 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age 4 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 5. SLOW-DOWN IN TECHNOLOGY Network energy efficiency only increasing at 10-15% per year 5 5 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 6. EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Directions and requirements New technologies and capabilities Greenpeace, G. Cook, J.V. Horn, „How dirty is your data‟ 2011 Greenpeace, EREC „Energy (R)evolution‟ 2010 6 GreenTouch Introduction | 2012 6 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011. © 2012 GreenTouch Consortium
- 7. GREENTOUCH MISSION (www.greentouch.org) By 2015, our goal is to deliver the architecture, specifications and roadmap — and demonstrate key components and technologies —needed to increase network energy efficiency by a factor of 1000 from current levels. • Global research consortium representing industry, government and academic organizations 100 1000x Target 10 • Launched in May 2010 Efficiency (Mb/s/W) 1 • 52 member organizations 0.1 • 300 individual participants from 19 countries 0.01 Total Network: BAU • 25+ projects across wireless, 1E-3 wireline, routing, networking and optical transmission 1E-4 2010 2015 2020 Year 7 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 8. SOME RESEARCH PROJECTS… Beyond Cellular – Green Mobile Networks Virtual Home Gateway Optimal End-to-End Resource Allocation Service Energy Aware Optical Networks Green Transmission Technologies 25+ Minimum Energy Access Architectures Projects Single-Chip Linecards Large-Scale Antenna Systems Highly-Adaptive Layer Mesh Networks Massive MIMO 8 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 9. POWER CONSUMPTION OF MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Total Energy = Total Energy = Total Energy = 60 TWh/yr Total Energy = 14 TWh/yr 2 TWh/yr 1kW per user <1 TWh/yr 10kW per user for for 4 million 0.1W per user other elements for 3 billion Base 1kW per user Stations for 10,000 Subscriptions Controllers Users Base Station Network Control Core & Servers 9 Based on: ETSI RRS05_024, NSN ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 10. GREEN NETWORK OPPORTUNITIES (I) Deployment: Relays Nodes Multi RAT Heterogeneous Networks Network Management: BS cooperation, Adaptive NW configuration H Traffic i g Freq. h L o Freq. w (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Multi-Antenna Techniques: Reconfigurable antennas, Beam forming, Spatial multiplexing 10 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 11. GREEN NETWORK OPPORTUNITIES (II) Radio Resource Management: Energy efficient scheduling, Sleep modes, Bandwidth Adaptation 160 140 Power Consumption per Cell [W] 120 100 Saved 80 energy 60 SOTA Telecom BW Adaptation 40 traffic Capacity Adaptation 20 Micro DTX 00.00hrs 12.00hrs 24.00hrs 0 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 Time [h] Power consumption model per cell Resource block Resource block Empty resource with data with pilots only block Power [W] Variable power Constant power DTX power PA utilization High load: Low load: BW adaptation: 0% 100% Most resources used Capacity adaptation Pilots suppressed 11 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 12. SOME SPECIFIC RESEARCH ACTIVITIES 1. Large Scale Antenna Systems • Massive MIMO • Distributed Antenna Systems 2. EARTH (Energy Aware Radio and neTwork tecHnologies) • Small cells and heterogeneous network deployment • Network management 3. BCG2 (Beyond Cellular Green Generation) • Green network management / intelligent power management • Independent network configuration for data and signaling 12 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 13. LARGE SCALE ANTENNA SYSTEM Measured transmit power is inversely proportional to the number of antennas: Beam-forming for energy efficiency, not capacity First GreenTouch technology demonstration 13 GreenTouch : Building the Roadmap | 2011 13 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011. © 2011 GreenTouch Consortium
- 14. APPLICATION SCENARIOS Massive Co-located Antennas Spatially Distributed Antennas Short-range RF link (e.g., 16-20GHz, E-Band,…) Processing Unit Centralized Processing Unit Cable/fiber link Marzetta, T. L., IEEE Trans Wireless Communications, Nov 2010 100’s or 1000’s of antenna elements ‘Power amplifiers’ operating at micro-Watt levels 14 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 15. TOTAL ENERGY VS. COMPUTATIONAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY & SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY M: number of service antenna 15 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 16. EU FP 7 PROJECT EARTH (Energy Aware Radio and neTwork tecHnologies) Micro cell Macro cell Relative gain in Area Power consumption [%] Gain [%] Reference: only macro cells Gain Scenario 1: 1 micro per sector Loss Scenario 4: 5 micros per sector only micros Target area throughput [Mbps/km²] 16 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 17. THEORETICAL UPPER BOUNDS ON POTENTIAL GAINS 2010 Reference scenario: 2010 Urban: 3887 Macro BSs only (SCENARIO 1) Always-on Dense U: 1296 [10-3J/kbit] 2015 2015 Mixed scenario with BCG Urban: 38X 60% micro, 40 macro BSs (SCENARIO 2) BCG energy management Dense U: 16X 2020 2020 Micro/pico cellular scenario Urban: 76X 10% macro, 60% micro, 30% pico BSs (SCENARIO 3) BCG energy management Dense U: 36X Long term scenario 20xx Atto cellular scenario Urban: 1555X 100% atto BSs BCG energy management Dense U: 518X 17 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 18. CONCLUSIONS • ICT networks are growing rapidly • Scaling networks is becoming more difficult • Bringing focus to energy efficiency • ICT and research communities are organizing to address challenges • Dramatic, holistic change, but over long term evolution • Cooperative organizations such as GreenTouch guiding evolution • Several promising research directions and initial results have been obtained • More work remains! 18 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
- 19. Thank you! 19 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. COPYRIGHT © ALCATEL-LUCENT 2011.
Notes de l'éditeur
- A study by the e-sustainability Global Initiative, called SMART 2020 report, found that the ICT industry as a whole is a significant polluter – with Telecom making a third of the whole of ICT emissions, and that the internal growth of the industry is making the picture worst, with an expectation of multiplying by a factor 3 its carbon dioxide footprint between 2002 and 2020.But there is another way to look at our contribution to global warming: (transition)The same report gives two important directions:1) The industry is set to save a huge amount of energy and carbon emissions by direct improvements in telecom equipment and the way we deploy it. There is real potential to drive our 2020 emission levels down to the level of 2002 – despite exponential growth in traffic.2) By helping our customers save energy and reduce emissions, we’re actually a massive contributor to the solution. The benefits of ICT to other industries add up to more than ten times our own footprint.In other words, you as an operator have a tremendous opportunity to make a real, positive impact on our world – and people should know about it. This is not about PR and ‘greenwashing’. Our opportunity to be a power for good depends on our willingness to seize it -- to do the right things.