Scaling Docker Containers using Kubernetes and Azure Container Service

Scaling Docker Containers using Kubernetes
and Azure Container Service
@Ben_Hall
Ben@BenHall.me.uk
Katacoda.com

Learn via Interactive Browser-Based Labs
Katacoda.com

Agenda
• Why containers?
• Building Containerized ASP.NET Core app
• Deploying Containers on Kubernetes and
Azure
• Advantages of Kubernetes

What if we could remove
configuration complexity,
dependency conflicts and
uncertainty?

> docker run –p 6379:6379 redis:3.0.3
_.-``__ ''-._
_.-`` `. `_. ''-._ Redis 3.0.3 (00000000/0) 64 bit
.-`` .-```. ```/ _.,_ ''-._
( ' , .-` | `, ) Running in standalone mode
|`-._`-...-` __...-.``-._|'` _.-'| Port: 6379
| `-._ `._ / _.-' | PID: 1
`-._ `-._ `-./ _.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' | http://redis.io
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
|`-._`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'_.-'|
| `-._`-._ _.-'_.-' |
`-._ `-._`-.__.-'_.-' _.-'
`-._ `-.__.-' _.-'
`-._ _.-'
`-.__.-'
1:M 05 Nov 10:42:24.402 # Server started, Redis version 3.0.3
1:M 05 Nov 10:42:24.402 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition.
To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl
vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.

> docker run -e 'ACCEPT_EULA=Y’
-e 'SA_PASSWORD=yourStrong133tPassword'
-p 1433:1433 microsoft/mssql-server-linux
This is an evaluation version. There are [154] days left in the evaluation period.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.27 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamaster.mdf' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/master.mdf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.36 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamastlog.ldf' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/mastlog.ldf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.37 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamodel.mdf' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/model.mdf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.40 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamodellog.ldf' to
'/var/opt/mssql/data/modellog.ldf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.42 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamsdbdata.mdf' to
'/var/opt/mssql/data/msdbdata.mdf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.45 Server Setup step is copying system data file 'C:templatedatamsdblog.ldf' to '/var/opt/mssql/data/msdblog.ldf'.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.57 Server Microsoft SQL Server 2017 (CTP2.1) - 14.0.600.250 (X64)
May 10 2017 12:21:23
Copyright (C) 2017 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Developer Edition (64-bit) on Linux (Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS)
2017-06-09 22:16:14.58 Server UTC adjustment: 0:00
2017-06-09 22:16:14.58 Server (c) Microsoft Corporation.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.58 Server All rights reserved.
2017-06-09 22:16:14.58 Server Server process ID is 4116.

Own Process Space
Own Network Interface
Own Root Directories
Sandboxed
It’s not a VM!
Container

Native CPU
Native Memory
Native IO
No Pre-Allocation
No Performance Overheard
Container

Docker – “Kernel Virtualisation”

Three Key Concepts
• Docker Containers – Running Processes
• Docker Images – “Layered Zip Files”
• Docker Registry – Where Images are stored

Docker isn’t the only
container runtime!

Open Container Initiative
• Driven by Linux Foundation
• Docker Containers === Runtime Specification
• Docker Images === Image Specification
• CRI-O === Kubernetes Container Runtime

> docker run -it microsoft/azure-cli bash
d5f51519a9b1:/# azure
info: _ _____ _ ___ ___
info: /_ |_ / | | | _ __|
info: _ ___/ _ __/ /| |_| | / _|___ _ _
info: (___ /_/ _/___|___/|_|____| _____)
info: (_______ _ _) _ ______ _)_ _
info: (______________ _ ) (___ _ _)
info:
info: Microsoft Azure: Microsoft's Cloud Platform
info:
info: Tool version 0.10.11

Building Containerised
ASP.NET Core app

> cat Program.cs
namespace dotnetapp {
public class Program {
public static void Main(string[] args) {
var host = new WebHostBuilder()
.UseKestrel()
.UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory(
))
.UseUrls("http://0.0.0.0:5000")
.UseIISIntegration()
.UseStartup<Startup>()
.Build();
host.Run();
}
}
}
> cat Startup.cs
namespace dotnetapp {
public class Startup {
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder
app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory
loggerFactory) {
loggerFactory.AddConsole();
app.Run(async (context) => {
await
context.Response.WriteAsync("Request
processed by " +
System.Environment.MachineName);
});
}
}
}

$ ls
.git Controllers Program.cs dotnetapp.csproj
Dockerfile Makefile Startup.cs wwwroot
$ cat Dockerfile
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1.1-sdk

$ cat Dockerfile
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app
COPY dotnetapp.csproj /app/
RUN dotnet restore

$ cat Dockerfile
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app
RUN dotnet restore
COPY . /app
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out

$ cat Dockerfile
RUN mkdir /app
WORKDIR /app
RUN dotnet restore
COPY . /app
EXPOSE 5000/tcp
CMD ["dotnet", "out/dotnetapp.dll"]

$ docker build -t katacoda/dotnet-example:v1 .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 137.7 kB
Step 1/11 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1.1-sdk
Step 2/11 : RUN mkdir /build
Step 3/11 : WORKDIR /build
Step 4/11 : COPY dotnetapp.csproj .
Step 5/11 : RUN dotnet restore
Step 6/11 : COPY . .
Step 7/11 : RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out
---> Running in fcde25425eee
Microsoft (R) Build Engine version 15.1.548.43366
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
dotnetapp -> /build/bin/Release/netcoreapp1.1/dotnetapp.dll
Step 8/11 : FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1.1-runtime
Step 9/11 : WORKDIR /app
Step 10/11 : CMD dotnet dotnetapp.dll
Step 11/11 : COPY --from=0 /build/out /app/
Successfully built 1dbec44d4150
Successfully tagged katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1

$ docker run -d
-t -p 5000:5000
--name app
katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
$ curl dockerhost:5000
Request processed by zb8gh24wva

CI/CD Pipeline
Git Push
Gitlab
Starts Build
docker
build
docker run

> cat Dockerfile
FROM node:6
RUN mkdir -p /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
COPY package.json /usr/src/app
RUN npm install
COPY . /usr/src/app
CMD [ "npm", "start" ]
> docker build –t nodeapp .
> docker run –d –p 3000 nodeapp

Example – ASP.NET
WORKDIR /app
# copy csproj and restore as distinct layers
RUN dotnet restore
COPY . /app/
CMD ["dotnet", "out/dotnetapp.dll"]

Deploying Build Tools 
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID
CREATED SIZE
katacoda/dotnet-example v1 b8f8b523d3ca
6 minutes ago 894.7 MB

Example – ASP.NET
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1.1-runtime
WORKDIR /app
COPY out /app
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "dotnetapp.dll"]

# First Stage
WORKDIR /app
RUN dotnet restore
COPY . /app/
# Second Stage
FROM microsoft/dotnet:1.1.1-runtime
WORKDIR /app
CMD ["dotnet", "dotnetapp.dll”]
COPY --from=build out /app/

Optimised Image
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID
CREATED SIZE
katacoda/dotnet-example v1 d69cf725c406
5 seconds ago 266.3 MB
katacoda/dotnet-example v1 b8f8b523d3ca
6 minutes ago 894.7 MB

Docker Push / Pull
> docker push katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/katacoda/dotnet-example]
3ed827b6362a: Pushing [=====> ] 1.637 MB/14.81 MB
79d391888f28: Pushed
2bd3dca2fc5a: Mounted from microsoft/dotnet
ecb9a3d4923d: Mounted from microsoft/dotnet
6c1558b80cc8: Mounted from microsoft/dotnet
8d4d1ab5ff74: Mounted from microsoft/dotnet
> docker pull katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
> docker run katacoda/dotnet-example:v1

Docker Push / Pull
> docker push katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1
The push refers to a repository [docker.io/katacoda/dotnet-example]
5ed6d70495ef: Pushing [========> ] 2.479 MB/14.81 MB
79d391888f28: Layer already exists
2bd3dca2fc5a: Layer already exists
ecb9a3d4923d: Layer already exists
6c1558b80cc8: Layer already exists
8d4d1ab5ff74: Layer already exists
> docker pull katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1
> docker run katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1

CI/CD Pipeline
Git Push
Gitlab
Starts Build
docker
build
Gitlab Start
Release
docker
push
docker run
docker pull

> docker login katacodademoreg1.azurecr.io
Username: katacodademoreg1
Password:
Login Succeeded
> docker build –t katacodademoreg1.azurecr.io/katacoda/dotnet-
example:v1.1 .
> docker push katacodademoreg1.azurecr.io/katacoda/dotnet-
example:v1.1

“docker run” in production?

Kubernetes is an open-
source system for
automating deployment,
scaling, and management
of containerized
applications.

http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=2898444

Automatic binpacking
Self-healing
Horizontal scaling
Service discovery and load balancing
Automated rollouts
Secret and configuration management
Batch execution
Role based access control
Auditing
API and Extension Hooks

> az login
> az account set --subscription "8640e4e6-"
> az group create -n "demo-k8s" -l "westeurope"
> az ad sp create-for-rbac --role="Contributor" --
scopes="/subscriptions/8640e4e6/resourceGroups/demo-k8s"

Kubernetes in 1 command…
OK, it’s three…

> DNS_PREFIX=some-unique-value
> CLUSTER_NAME=any-acs-cluster-name
> az acs create --orchestrator-type=kubernetes
--resource-group $RESOURCE_GROUP
--name=$CLUSTER_NAME --dns-prefix=$DNS_PREFIX
--generate-ssh-keys
> az acs kubernetes install-cli
> az acs kubernetes get-credentials
--resource-group=$RESOURCE_GROUP
--name=$CLUSTER_NAME

> ssh katacoda@52.174.195.10
or install client tools (kubectl) locally…
$ kubectl get nodes
NAME STATUS AGE VERSION
k8s-agent-4c8a65bf-0 Ready 9m v1.6.2
k8s-master-4c8a65bf-0 Ready,SchedulingDisabled 9m v1.6.2

$ kubectl run dotnetapp
--image katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
deployment "dotnetapp" created

$ kubectl run dotnetapp --image katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
deployment "dotnetapp" created
$ kubectl get deployments
NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
dotnetapp 1 1 1 1 5m
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dotnetapp-2582115574-b59rg 1/1 Running 0 20s

Schedule
Workload
Find Available
Node
Allocate
Workload
Start
Container

$ kubectl expose deployments dotnetapp
--port=80 --target-port=5000
--type=LoadBalancer
service "dotnetapp" exposed
$ kubectl get svc
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
dotnetapp 10.0.47.252 <pending> 80:31078/TCP 8s
kubernetes 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 15m

$ kubectl expose deployments dotnetapp --port=80 --target-port=5000 --type=LoadBalancer
service "dotnetapp" exposed
$ kubectl get svc
dotnetapp 10.0.47.252 <pending> 80:31078/TCP 8s
kubernetes 10.0.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 15m
wait for Kubernetes to configure Azure LB
$ kubectl get svc
dotnetapp 10.0.47.252 40.118.100.56 80:31078/TCP 5m
curl 40.118.100.56

> curl 40.118.100.56
Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-b59rg
> curl 40.118.100.56
> curl 40.118.100.56
> curl 40.118.100.56

$ kubectl scale --replicas=3 deployment/dotnetapp
deployment "dotnetapp" scaled
$ kubectl get deployments
$ kubectl get pods
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
dotnetapp-2582115574-0l028 1/1 Running 0 1m
dotnetapp-2582115574-b59rg 1/1 Running 0 7m
dotnetapp-2582115574-hdbc6 1/1 Running 0 1m

> curl 40.118.100.56
Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-0l028
> curl 40.118.100.56
> curl 40.118.100.56
Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-hdbc6
> curl 40.118.100.56

What did we do?
$ kubectl run dotnetapp --image katacoda/dotnet-example:v1
$ kubectl expose deployments dotnetapp
--port=80 --target-port=5000
--type=LoadBalancer
$ kubectl get svc

What happens if an agent goes
down?

$ kubectl get nodes
k8s-agent-4c8a65bf-1 NotReady 15s v1.6.2
wait for node to be configured…
$ kubectl get nodes

$ kubectl get deployment
wait for containers to be downloaded…
$ kubectl get deployment

> kubectl set image
deployment/dotnetapp=katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1
> curl 40.118.100.56
[v1.1] Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-0l028
> curl 40.118.100.56
> curl 40.118.100.56
Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-hdbc6
> curl 40.118.100.56
[v1.1] Request processed by dotnetapp-2582115574-b59rg

What about the Azure Registry
Service?

> kubectl create secret docker-registry myregistrykey
--docker-server=katacodademoreg1.azurecr.io
--docker-username=katacodademoreg1
--docker-password=<REMOVE>
--docker-email ben@benhall.me.uk
secret "myregistrykey" created.

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
labels:
run: dotnetapp
spec:
replicas: 6
strategy:
rollingUpdate:
maxSurge: 1
maxUnavailable: 1
type: RollingUpdate
template:
spec:
containers:
- image: katacodademoreg1.azurecr.io/katacoda/dotnet-example:v1.1
imagePullSecrets:
- name: myregistrykey
metadata:
labels:
run: dotnetapp

> cat sqlserver.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
name: azure-secret
type: Opaque
data:
azurestorageaccountname: <name>
azurestorageaccountkey: <key>
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
labels:
name: mssql
role: master
name: mssql
spec:
containers:
- env:
- name: ACCEPT_EULA
value: "Y"
- name: SA_PASSWORD
value: yourStrong133tPassword
image: microsoft/mssql-server-linux
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/opt/mssql/data
name: azure
volumes:
- azureFile:
readOnly: false
secretName: azure-secret
shareName: k8stest
name: azure

Is it still up?
Monitoring with Prometheus and
Kubernetes

apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: node-exporter
spec:
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
spec:
containers:
- image: prom/node-exporter
name: node-exporter
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
hostPort: 9100
name: scrape
DaemonSet? When new nodes are
deployed, automatically schedule
workload

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'true'
labels:
app: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
name: node-exporter
spec:
clusterIP: None
ports:
- name: scrape
port: 9100
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: node-exporter
type: ClusterIP

> type Dockerfile
FROM microsoft/iis:windowsservercore-10.0.14393.693
SHELL ["powershell", "-command"]
RUN Install-WindowsFeature NET-Framework-45-ASPNET; Install-
WindowsFeature Web-Asp-Net45
RUN Remove-Website -Name 'Default Web Site';
mkdir c:NerdDinner;
New-Website -Name 'nerd-dinner'
-Port 80 -PhysicalPath 'c:NerdDinner'
-ApplicationPool '.NET v4.5‘
EXPOSE 80
COPY NerdDinner c:NerdDinner

PS C:> docker build –t nerddinner .

PS C:> docker run -d -p 80:80
nerddinner

Microsoft & Red Hat
https://github.com/kubernetes/features/issues/116

Online Kubernetes
Training for Companies
at Katacoda.com
@Ben_Hall
Ben@BenHall.me.uk
Blog.BenHall.me.uk
www.Katacoda.com

Scaling Docker Containers using Kubernetes and Azure Container Service

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