agriculture : affecting factor and major crops

1. Agriculture: factors,
major crops
BHAGYASHRI

2. What is Agriculture?
 Agriculture is one of the most important economic activity in the world .
About 75 % of Indians total population is still depend on Agriculture .
 Agriculture is the cultivation of Plants and other life forms for food, fiber,
bio-fuel, medicinal and other products used to sustain and enhance
human life.
 Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human
civilization, where by farming of domesticated species created food
surpluses that nurtured the development of civilization.

3. Meaning of Agriculture
 The word agriculture is the English adaptation of the
Latin word ‘agricultūra’. ‘Ager’ means field and
‘cultūra’ means cultivation; in the strict sense
‘agricultūra’ means "tillage of the soil".
 Agricultural Activities include:
 Growing crops,
 fruits, vegetables and
 flowers
 Rearing of livestock

4. Factors Affecting Farming
Physical Factors
Cultural Factors
Economic Factors

5. Physical Factors
 TEMPERSTURE
 TERRAIN
 PRECIPITATION
 WIND
 SOIL
 ALTITUDE

6. CULTURAL FACTORS
 Land Tenure
 Who owns the land?
 Farmers may be owner occupiers, tenants,
landless labourers or state employees on the land
which they farm.
 Cash Tenancy
 Share Cropping
 Inheritance Laws and Farm Size

7. ECONOMIC FACTORS
 Transport
 Types of transport available, time taken, and the cost of
moving raw materials.
 For perishable commodities (e.g. Milk) an efficient
transport network is an necessity.
 For bulky goods (e.g. Potatoes) transport costs must be
lower for outputs to be profitable.
 Items should be grown as close to market as possible.

8. Major Crops
 A large variety of crops are grown to meet the needs of the
growing population.
 Major food crops are wheat, rice, maize and
millets.
 Main fiber crops are Jute and cotton
 Important beverage crops are tea and coffee.
 Many crops supply raw materials for agro-based industries.

9. Rice
 Rice is the major food crop of the world.
 It is the staple diet of the tropical and sub-tropical regions.
 Rice needs high temperature, high humidity and rainfall.
 It grows best in alluvial clay soil, which can retain water.
 China leads in the production of rice followed by India, Japan, Sri
Lanka and Egypt.

10. Wheat
 Wheat requires moderate temperature and rainfall
during growing season and bright sunshine at the
time of harvest.
 It thrives best in well drained loamy soil.
 Wheat is grown extensively in USA, Canada,
Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia and India.
 In India it is grown in winter.

11. Millets
Millets are known as coarse grains and can be
grown on less fertile and sandy soils.
It is a hardy crop that needs low rainfall and
high to moderate temperature and adequate
rainfall.
Jowar, bajra and ragi are grown in India,
Nigeria and China

12. Maize
Maize requires moderate temperature,
rainfall and lots of sunshine.
It needs well-drained fertile soils.
Maize is grown in North America, Brazil,
China, Russia, Canada, India,
and Mexico.