Internet of Things
MARLA THARUN BHARADWAJ
MBA
BOMMA INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Contents
1. Introduction to IoT
2. Components of the IoT
3. IoT Related Statistics
4. IoT Applications & Use Case
Scenarios
5. Stakeholders of the IoT
Applications
6. Future Directions
7. Conclusions
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Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)
What is IoT?
Network of Physical Objects Embedded with Electronic Devices Data Exchange
IoT is a network of physical
devices, vehicles, home
appliances, etc.,
The IoT devices are
embedded with electronics,
software, sensors,
actuators, and network
connectivity.
IoT devices connects
with each other and
computing resources to
exchange & process
data.

What is IoT?
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IoT is the network of physical objects or things embedded
with electronics, softwares and network connectivity
which enables these objects to collect and exchange
data.
It is direct integration
between the physical
world and computer
based systems
resulting in improved
efficiency, accuracy and
economic benefit.

What is IoT?
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Term first proposed by Kevi Asthon.
• Enables devices/objects
to observe, identify and
understand a situation.
• The IoT is significant
because an object that
can represent itself
digitally becomes
something greater than
the object by itself.

What is IoT?
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• Physical objects being connected in the network are
able to identify themselves to other devices.
• IoT is closely identified with Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID) as the method of communication,
although it also may include other sensor technologies,
wireless technologies or QR codes.

IoT Services
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The functionality of smart devices can be abstracted as a service and an IoT
application can be built by combining the smart devices with these services that
help to address challenges of day-to-day activities.

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Why IoT?

Workflow of an IoT Ecosystem
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Sense
- Monitor the environment
- Collect data
Process
Analyze the
collected data
Communicate
Exchange the information
with other devices
Action
- Decision Making
- Action to be performed

Components of the IoT
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 Sense and Act
 Sensors
 Actuators
 Communicate
• IoT Gateways
• Hubs
 Process
• Cloud
• Fog
• Edge
 Interface
• Mobile Application
• Web Application
• Wearable
Sensors
Mobile/
Web App
Components
of the
IoT
Cloud/
Servers
IoT
Gateways/
Hubs
Actuators

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Sensors
A sensor is a device that is able to
detect changes in an environment.
A Good sensor is one :
• Which is sensitive to the
phenomenon that it measures.
• It should not be sensitive to other
physical phenomena.
• It should not modify the
measured phenomenon during
the measurement process.

Sensors/ IoT Devices
• Sensors or devices collect minute data
from the environment in which they are
deployed.
• The collected data can have various
degrees of complexities ranging from a
simple temperature monitoring sensor or
a complex full video feed.
• A device can have multiple sensors that
can bundle together to do more than just
sense things.
Ambient Light Sensor
Barometer Sensor
Microphone Sensor
Proximity Sensor GPS Sensor

Connectivity
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▸The collected data is sent to a cloud infrastructure through a transport medium.
▸The sensors can be connected to the cloud through various mediums of
communication and transports such as cellular networks, satellite networks, Wi-Fi,
Bluetooth, wide-area networks (WAN), low power wide area network and many
more.

IoT Gateways
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It is a device involved in establishing connection between cloud
and controllers, sensors and IoT devices.
 Manages the bidirectional data traffic
 Multiple networks and Many protocols
 Interoperability of the connected devices and sensors
 Implements higher order encryption.
 Data pre-processing
 TCP/IP compatibility

IoT Hub
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It is a cloud platform which provide a service that
supports IoT protocols.

Processing
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Once the data is collected is sent to the cloud, software performs processing
on the acquired data.

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Cloud/Servers
• Sensed data stored in to the
servers.
• Cloud acts both as data store
and also compute engine.
• Analytics on data can be done
inside the cloud or on data
centers and then displayed on
to a dashboard or report in an
application.

Cloud/Server
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 Creates Massive Data
 Offers tools for Data
Processing
 Remote Data Access
 Faster decision making
 Integrates Billions of
devices
 Provides predictive
Analytics
 Companies uses for
Business improvement

Analytics
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 Irrelevant data to Useful
form.
 Manages and Improves
entire system.
 Finds irregularity in Data.
 Data used could be used
for future.
 Predictive models can be
used.

Mobile/Web Application
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 Web apps can be part of IoT
solution to display data,
dashboard, graphics, maps,
etc.
 Mobile and Web
applications provides
platform for users to
control and manage the IoT
devices .

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Actuators
Action
Electric Data Signal
Electric Data Signal
Environmental
Parameter
Sensor
Actuator
• Actuators perform some kind of physical action.
• Actuators are the devices involved in converting Energy in
to Motion

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IoT Related Statistics
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▸The number of internet connected “things” already exceeded our population back in 2008.
▸By 2020 this number is expected to reach 50 billion.
▸A whopping $19 trillion is anticipated as cost-savings and profits from this investment.

Market Share of IoT
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IoT smart devices have a deeper
penetration in manufacturing,
healthcare, and business than in our
homes or phones.
By 2025 the global worth of IoT tech is
projected at $6.2 trillion, with the
maximum value from manufacturing ($40
billion) and healthcare ($15 billion).

 McKinsey predicts the IoT market will be worth $581B for ICT-based spend
alone by 2020, growing at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) between 7
and 15%.
IoT Market Size
• Industrial products lead all industries in IoT adoption at 45% with an
additional 22% planning to adopt IoT in the next 12 months according to a
recent Forrester survey.

IoT Goals
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Drivers of IoT

Use Case Scenarios
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Prevalent fields in which IoT plays a vital role:
Customer
Informati
on/
Operation
Technology
Service/
Support
Operations/
Manufacturing
Product
Development
Marketing
/Sales
IoT
Use case
Fields

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Application Domains of the IoT
Smart
Cities
Smart
Vehicles
Smart
Health
Domains of
the IoT
Smart Home
Smart
Industries

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▸ Door lock
▸ Cardio
▸ Gardening
▸ Mirror
▸ Garbage Cans
▸ Bike
▸ Tennis Racket
▸ Slow Cooker
▸ Weather Station
▸ Sleep Systems
▸ Air Conditioning
▸ Lightening
▸ Plane
▸ Pet Games
▸ House Keeping
▸ Sprinkler Control
▸ Piggy Bank
Smart Home Applications
▸ Washing Machines
▸ Propane Tank
▸ Egg Tray
▸ Tooth Brush

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Smart Cities
Smart Cities equipped with self-driving transport, smart energy management, intelligent security
systems, and automated environmental monitoring , hence enabling the betterment of lifestyle.
Smart Transport Smart Security Smart Energy Smart Alert Smart Payment
Smart Homes
Smart homes and buildings are equipped with connected devices such as control lighting, climate,
entertainment systems, and appliances, home security such as access control and alarm systems.
When connected with the Internet, home devices are an important constituent of IoT

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Smart Farming
▸ Smart farming with the entry of monitored farming devices like sensors to determine soil
moisture levels for enhanced irrigation systems.
Smart Transport/Intelligent Transport System (ITS)
▶ ITS is integrated with ambient intelligence and IoT, to provide leading edge services
to transform commuter's experience
• Application of information technology.
• Surface transportation to achieve enhanced
commuter’s experience and provide service.
• Monitoring preferences of the commuter taking
into account user behaviour under various
scenarios.
Information and
Communication
Technology

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Car is Connected to:
▶ Internet
▶ Traffic
▶ Internet Access
▶ Navigation System
▶ Laptop
▶ Cell Phone
▶ Connected Home

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Marketing/Sales
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Flexible Billing and Pricing Models
IoT is used to deploy different business models by analyzing the market and pricing
models to provide better market penetration opportunities.
Connected Consumable Resupply
IoT can be used to analyze product usage and
consumable data to create inventory-based
consumable resupply models which enhance the
customer’s experience and create new revenue
streams.
Components
Manufacturer
Retailer
Consumer
Raw Material

Product Development
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Product quality control:
▸ IoT sensors collect aggregate product data and other third-party syndicated data from
various stages of a product cycle.
▸This data relates to the composition of raw materials used, temperature and working
environment, wastes, the impact of transportation etc. on the final products
▸If used in the final product, the IoT device can provide data about the customer
sentiments on using the product. All of these inputs can later be analyzed to identify and
correct quality issues.

Packaging Optimization
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▸ By using IoT sensors in products and/or packaging,
manufacturers can gain insights into the usage
patterns and handling of product from multiple
customers.
▸ Smart tracking mechanisms can also trace product
deterioration during transit and impact of weather,
road and other environment variables on the product.
▸ This will offer insights that can be used to re-
engineer products and packaging for better
performance in both customer experience and cost of
packaging.

Operations/Manufacturing
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Digital/ Connected Factory
▸IoT enabled machinery can transmit operational information to the partners like
original equipment manufacturers and to field engineers.
▸This will enable operation managers and factory heads to remotely manage the
factory units and take advantage of process automation and optimization.

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Inventory Management
▸IoT applications permit the monitoring of events
across a supply chain.
▸Using these systems, the inventory is tracked
and traced globally on a line-item level and the
users are notified of any significant deviations
from the plans.
▸ This provides cross-channel visibility into
inventories and managers are provided with
realistic estimates of the available material, work
in progress and estimated the arrival time of new
materials.
▸Ultimately this optimizes supply and reduces
shared costs in the value chain.

Services/Support
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Insurance Industry
▸ With the help of IoT and telematics data,
insurance companies can get data for
vehicle insurance, health insurance.
▸ This data will be very useful for insurer or
those who are insurance agents.
▸ They will be able to capture customer data
and improve communication, create new
strategies and also save on costs.
▸ IoT will be adding to the revenue
opportunity by evaluating client’s risk.
Data Privacy & Security
▸ With so many devices existing in the market,
there is a sharing of data and information on
a massive level.
▸ There is high chance of data manipulation
which can lead to risking the customer’s data
or sharing of highly personal data.
▸ The Internet of Things can help in lessening
the worries of such consequences.
▸ It will protect the customer’s data from
breaches and also secure the payment
process and information management.

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Internet of Everything (IoE)

Wearables
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▸Health- and fitness-oriented wearable devices that offer biometric measurements such
as heart rate, perspiration levels, and even complex measurements like oxygen levels in
the bloodstream are also becoming available.
▸Some additional capabilities of wearable devices are more mundane, but might also
provide information that could be useful in adjusting environmental controls.
▸For Example: Wearable devices could tell if you have your jacket on in the car or if it's
just in the back seat. This could be helpful in keeping the car temperature at a
comfortable level.
▸IoT enabled wearables can be used to measure perspiration levels that could also be
used as a data point for adjusting both temperature and humidity.

List of Wearable Devices
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▸ Smart Shirt/Textiles
▸ Headset/Earphones
▸ Smart Shoes
▸ Pathfinders
▸ Haptics
▸ Augmented Reality
▸ 3D/4D Printed Ornaments
▸ Brain Computer Interactions (BCI)
▸ Budweiser Red Light Sense
▸ Smart Socks

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Digital Twins

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IoT in Healthcare
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▸Connected healthcare platforms and smart medical apps.
▸Eldercare is one of the IoT devices, which is deployed to track and
monitor elderly patients.

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IoT in Healthcare
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▸ADAMM – Asthma Monitor
▸Apple’s Research Kit and Parkinson’s Disease
▸Coagulation Testing
▸Apple Watch App  Monitors Depression
▸Connected Contact Lens
▸Ingestible Sensors
▸Connected Inhaler
▸Closed Loop Insulin Delivery
▸Smart Continuous Glucose Monitoring
▸Cancer Treatment

IoT in Healthcare
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▸Sensor Assisted Robotic Surgery
▸Heart Rate Monitoring
▸Body Scanning
▸Medical Waste Management
▸Hearing Aid
▸Interoperability
▸Remote Patient Monitoring

NANO-THINGS
• Much smaller
• Less power hungry +
self-powered
• Able to do some
processing + data
storage
• More sensitive
(enabling more
applications)
• New nanosensing
capabilities
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• Nano-nodes
• Routers
• Nano-interfaces
• Nano-cameras
• Nano-phones
• Nano-sensors

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Approaches for the development of Nano-IoT.
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Stakeholders in the IoT
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IoT Architecture
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Cloud
Communicate
Integrate Integrate
Trigger Action
Trigger Action Provide
Information
User
Interface
Devices/Sensors
Things

Actors in the IoT Architecture
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Domains and Architectural Design Issues
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Challenges faced in IoT and Solutions
Huge Amount of Data
Heterogeneous Data
• The volume of data transacted by devices
grows exponentially.
• There are more and more devices that
communicate with each other to
accomplish tasks. The amount of data
generated by these devices is huge.
• Technologies and Communications
platforms flexible enough to accommodate
a wide range of markets is required.
Data in IoT

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Quality of Service in IoT
▸Security -Establish secure communication channel and be resistant to attacks.
▸ Privacy -Gather data from trusted data sources only and not to expose sensitive
information of the device.
▸Standardization -Well defined and accepted protocols.
IoT object oriented
• Dynamicity -Constant change in network topology, sensing data and properties
of IoT objects.
• Scalability-Large magnitude of sensors and devices connected to the IoT.
• Mobility- Frequent change in location of the IoT objects.
• Opportunistic Presence -Dynamic connection status of the IoT object with the
network.

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Common IoT Challenges
• Meeting Customer Expectations
• Easing Security Concerns
• Keeping IoT Hardware Updated
• Overcoming Connectivity Issues
• Waiting for Governmental Regulation

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IoT Security Failures
Security Accidents
Examples
Security
Requirement
October 21, 2016, DDoS attack to Dyn’s
Managed DNS infrastructure.
In 2014, remote code execution vulnerability, affected more
than 150000 Webcam devices, because of weak password.
Secure
Booting
Access
Control
Anti-
DDoS
Device
Authentication
Secure Software
Updates and Patches

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IoT Hype

IoT Road Map
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Advantages of the IoT
• Smart City
• Advanced Navigation
• Real time Traffic Information
• Driver and Passenger Safety
• Fuel and Cost Efficiency
• Less Traffic Blocks
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Disadvantages of the IoT
• Internet Infrastructure
• Cost Consuming
• Software Integration
• Privacy and Security
• Remote Areas
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Suggestions for future work
 Utilize internal (e.g. Privacy IG, Web
Security IG) and external (e.g. IETF)
security resources.
 Invite external experts to share their
security issues, challenges, technology
trends, etc.
 Use security related IGs to incubate new
ideas.
 Encourage early participation in vertical
groups, e.g. IOT, Web Payments.
 Encourage the usage of security and
privacy questionnaire;
 Organize workshops to explore new
security standard topics.
People
Process
Technology

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Conclusions
▸The internet has changed life drastically, moving interactions between people at a virtual
level in several contexts with the use IoT concepts.
▸In this perspective we have seen the components of IoT, its architecture, the present
statistics of IoT and its future growth.
▸IoT technologies when deployed poses many challenges.
▸IoT is closely associated security and data privacy, which is the most important aspect of
any process.
▸Posing apt knowledge of cyber security, types of cyber security and how the IoT impacts
the functionality of cyber security is of much priority.

Thank You! For giving me this opportunity
Questions & Answers
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MARLA.THARUN BHARADWAJ
MASTER’S OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(STUDENT)
BOMMA INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE