Working of Diwali Light

1. G. H. Patel College of
Engineering And Technology
PROJECT NAME: DIWALI LIGHTING
Subject: - Digital Electronics (2131004)
Prepared by: - Tejoy Vachhrajani (160110116057)
Khyati Valera (160110116059)
Bhavik Vashi (160110116061)
Submitted to: - Prof. Parthesh Mankodi
Class: B.E. (IT) 2nd Year
Batch: - 1C16

2. Electronic Components: -
 Electronic Components:
 D-flip lops (4)
 LEDs (4)
 Clock Input
 Connecting Wires.

3. RING COUNTER

4. RING COUNTER
 A ring counter is a type of counter comprised of a type of circular Shift
Register.
 The Output of the last shift register is fed to the input of the first register.
 There are two types of ring counters:
 A straight ring counter or Overbeck counter connects the output of the last
shift register to the first shift register input and circulates a single one (or zero)
bit around the ring.
 For example, in a 4-register one-hot counter, with initial register values of
1000, the repeating pattern is: 1000, 0100, 0010, 0001, 1000.... Note that
one of the registers must be pre-loaded with a 1 (or 0) in order to operate
properly.

5. RING COUNTER
 A twisted ring counter, also called Johnson counter connects the
complement of the output of the last shift register to the input of the
first register and circulates a stream of ones followed by zeros around
the ring. For example, in a 4-register counter, with initial register
values of 0000, the repeating pattern is: 0000, 1000, 1100, 1110, 1111,
0111, 0011, 0001, 0000...

6. TRUTH TABLE
CLOCK PULSE Qa Qb Qc Qd
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 0 1
4 1 0 0 0

7. WORKING
In most instances, only a single input is in the register and that is made to circulate around the
register as long as clock pulses are applied.
 Initially, the first flip flop is preset to a 1. So the initial state is 1000.
 After each clock pulse, the content of the register are shifted to the right by one bit and Q4 is
shifted back to Q1.
 The sequence repeats after four clock pulses.
 The Q output of each stage is connected to the D input of the next stage and the output of
last stage is fed back to the input of the first stage.
 In our Diwali Lighting project, we have connected an output source that is an LED bulb at the
output Q of each flipflops.
 So all the four flipflops have a LED connected at its Q output so when according to the truth
table when the output becomes high that is 1 then the LED will glow.
 So after every clock pulse there is change in the states of all the four Q outputs of the four
flipflops so accordingly the LEDs will glow.
 This Alternately glowing LEDs produce an effect that is commonly seen in Deepavali or Diwali
festival of the Series Lighting.

8. RESULTS / OBSERVATIONS: -

12. VIDEO