This document provides information about an engineering infrastructure development project in Nepal. It discusses the project work breakdown structure and responsibility breakdown. It defines what a project is, outlines the typical project phases and stakeholders. It then discusses tools for work breakdown like the work breakdown structure, Gantt chart, CPM and PERT. Finally, it provides examples of rural infrastructure projects in Nepal and highlights the importance of quality supervision during construction.

1. Project(Public Works) and Responsibility Break
1
Down Structure
With Regard to:
An Engineering Infrastructure
Development Project in Nepal
Er. Bhim Upadhyaya

2. Engineer & Engioneering
"Engineering is a great profession. There is the
satisfaction of watching a figment of the
imagination emerge through the aid of
science to a plan on paper. then it moves to
realization in stone or metal or energy. then
it brings homes to men or women. then it
elevates the standard of living and adds to
the comforts of life. this is the engineer's high
privilege."
-Herbert Hoover (Er.) 31st President, USA 2

3. Engineer & Engineering
"The great liability of the engineer compared to men
of other professions is that his works are out in the
open where all can see them. His acts, step by step,
are in hard substance. He cannot bury his mistakes
in the grave like the doctors. He cannot argue them
into thin air or blame the judge like the lawyers.
He cannot, like the architects, cover his failures
with trees and vines. He cannot, like the politicians,
screen his short-comings by blaming his opponents
and hope the people will forget. The engineer
simply cannot deny he did it. If his works do not
work, he is damned."
-Herbert Hoover, Engineer & 31st President, USA
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4. Engineering
"The story of civilization is,
in a sense, the story of
engineering- that long and
arduous struggle to make
the forces of nature work
for man's good."
--L Sprange DeCamp
4

5. Lecture Content
1. Project: definition, cycle, party
& phases
2. Work Break-down Structure:
Tool and benefits
3. Project Practice: Rural Infras.
4. Responsibility Break-down
5. Some relevant photographs 5

6. What is a Project(Public Works)?
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A Project has the following
attributes…
Objective or Goal
Time
Cost
Location or space; and
A Team-work of experts

7. A Project has mainly 3+1
Stakeholders: 4C's
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1.Client (or Employer)
2.Consultant (or Engineer)
3.Contractor (or Consumer
Group)
4.Consumer

8. Project Phases
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1. Study (Data collection & Need)
2. Design Phase (Detailing for Goal)
3. Development Phase (Input-
Output Mngt.)
4. Operation Phase (Service Mngt.)

9. What: Work Breakdown Structure?
9
This tool is related to planning and scheduling a
project. Basically it is a functional
decomposition of the tasks of the project.
The total work of the project is broken down
into the major subtasks. It starts with the end
objective required and successively subdividing
it into manageable components in terms of size
and complexity: program, project, system,
subsystem, components, tasks, subtasks, and
work elements.

10. Why: Project Work
Breakdown?…1/5
Dividing major works into smaller, manageable
components
– Improve accuracy of cost, time, and resource
estimates
– Define a baseline for performance measurement
– Clear responsibility assignments
– Critical to project success – reduces risk of higher
cost, redundancy, time delays, and poor productivity
– Defines “what” you are doing;
– WBS ( work Break-down Structure is the
tool)
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11. How: Project Work
Breakdown?…2/5
Tools & Techniques:
– Work Breakdown Structure – templates from
previous projects
– Decomposition – subdividing major deliverables
into manageable components
– Gantt, CPM, PERT
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12. Work Break Down Structure
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13. Gantt Chart
13

14. CPM
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15. How: Project Work Breakdown…3/5
A deliverable-oriented grouping of project
assignments that organizes and defines the
scope of the project
• Each descending level represents further detail; smaller and
more manageable pieces
• Each item is assigned a unique identifier collectively known
as “code of accounts”
• Work element descriptions included in a WBS dictionary
(work, schedule and planning information)
• Other formats:
– Contractual WBS – seller provides the buyer
– Organizational (OBS) – work elements to specific org. units
– Resource (RBS) – work elements to individuals
– Bill of Materials (BOM) – hierarchical view of physical resources
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– Project (PBS) – similar to WBS

16. Levels: Project Work Breakdown…4/5
Outputs: Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
• First Level is commonly the same at the Project Life Cycle
(requirements, design, coding, testing, conversion and
operation)
• First level is completed before the project is broken down
further
• Each level of the WBS is a smaller segment of level above
• Work toward the project deliverables
• Break down project into tasks that
– Are realistically and confidently estimable
– Cannot be logically divided further
– Can be completed quickly
– Have a meaningful conclusion and deliverable
– Can be completed without interruption
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• Provides foundation for all project planning and control

17. Benefits: Project Work Breakdown…5/5
• Prevent work slippage
• Project team understands how their tasks fit into the
overall project and their impact upon the project
• Facilitates communication and cooperation between
project team and stakeholders
• Helps prevent changes
• Focuses team experience into what needs to be done
– results in higher quality
• Basis and proof for estimating staff, cost and time
• Gets team buy-in, role identification
• Graphical picture of the project hierarchy
• Identifies all tasks, project foundation 17

18. Rural
Transport
Rural Social
Hou'ng Infras
Seven Sectors
of Local
Local
Infras
Irrig'n Infrastructure Drink.
Water
Nepal
Rural Solid
Ele'city Waste
18 18

19. PROJECT Management Breakdown
Detail Project Report PROCUREMENT
•Selection, Walkover
MGMT,
PROJECT MGMT •EIRR,IEE, Resettlement
Goods,
(Input & Output) •Land Acquisition
works,
•Detail Survey, Design
services
•Estimate Approval
DISBURSEMENT Insurance
CONTRACT FINANCIAL
MGMT MGMT Claim & Refund
Mobilization
Technical
Contractors QLTY/LAB Audit
RBG, VIUG MGMT QAP
Consultants
Reporting
CONSTRUCTION
MGMT SITE MGMT
WORK PLAN
payment
19 in time

20. Public Works Parties 20
Client+Contractor+Consultant
Client or Employer
Contractor
Engineers
or Builder Client Contractor
or Consultants
or UC + Engineer or UC
Standard 3 party Int'l
2 Party Nepali(Local Body) Practice
Practice for large Works for small and medium sized Works

21. Phases of Public Works
21
Works
Precons- Operation and
Construction
truction Maintenance
Phase Phase
Phase

22. 22
Preconstruction
Phase
Preparation Procurement Contracting
or or or
Design Tendering Agreement

23. 23
Procurement
Goods Services Works

24. 24
Construction
Phase
Completion Closing &
Supervision
Verification Handing Over
;'kl/j]If0f hf+rkf; km/kmf/s

25. 3 Parties Mutual Check and Balance
25
Contractor
Consultant
Project Manager
or Client's
Representative

26. Supervisory Hierarchy
26
Client
Project
Manager
Engineer
Field Supervisor
Labor

27. 27
Supervison
of Works
Aspects
Process Payment
(Quality Performance (Cost Time
System or (Output) Control: direct (Progress)
control) indirect)
Drawing, Specification, Lab Tests, Scheduling, Gantt, CPM, PERT
Qualified Supervisors

28. 28
Construction
Supervison
Components
Money Materials Men Machine
(Finance, (Site Store, (Labor, (Equipments,
Account) Quarry,Fuel) Consultants) Tools)

29. Road ill-designed and in Disrepair
•Poor-Maintenance and
hardships
•12,000km un-operational
road 29 29

30. Good Quality works in progress
30

31. 31
31

32. Road Construction Technologies
32
32

33. Lab Facility
33

34. More than 12000
such TB Required
34
34

35. 35
35

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37. Thank You
bhimupadhyaya@gmail.com
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