scratch tutorial

1. Scratch for kids syllabus for 5 hours by Bibek pandit..
Total teaching hours 300 hr .
Day Topic Time
Day 1 Introduction to scratch 50 minutes
Day 2 Scratch jumping game 50 minutes
Day 3 Scratch jumping game 50 minutes
Day 4 Scratch catch game 50 minutes
Day 5 Scratch catch game 50 minutes
Day 6 Scratch cat flying game 50 minutes
Day 7 Scratch cat flying game 50 minutes
50 minutes .
Total teaching hours :400 minutes .
Day-1: introduction
Scratch is a free software development kit that allows you to create your
own interactive stories, animations,games, music, and art. It provides an interactive
environment to create programs by dragging blocks and joining them together.
WHY TO LEARN SCRATCH ?
 Introductionto Programming
By engaging with Scratch,students get a taste of what
programming is like. From there, they can develop their skills and
branch out into various fields as per their interests.
 Easy to grasp
It is a blocks-based programming language allowing children to
visualize their coding making the entire process moreeasy,
interactive

2. and enjoyable.
 Computationalskills
It helps them to develop their logical thinking. By solving
various issues they come face to face with, kids learn problem-
solving methodologies naturally.
 Involvementof the community
Students can share and discuss their creations with other
members of the community allowing them to build teamwork and
collectmore ideas.
 Getting started
Go to the Scratchwebsite at https://scratch.mit.edu/ . From the
home screen,click on the button ‘’create” as shown:
 Elements of Scratch :

3. There are four main elements of Scratch: the stage, the sprites,the
script and the programming palette.Theyare labelled below.

4. 1)Stage –This is where everything will take place. Out results of your program
display
here.
2)Sprites – Are the actors or main characters of the project. Sprites are
programmed to do something in Scratch.
3)Script– Tells the actors what to say or do. Each sprite is programmed with a
script.
4)Programmingpalette – Elements used to program the sprite to do or say
something. Sprites must be programmed to carry out every function you want
them to perform.
 Programming a sprite
Events blocks:
There are three blocks that can be used to begin programming
1) When the green flag is clicked – The project will begin when the
green flag in the upper right hand corner is clicked.

5. 2) When the space key is pressed – The project will begin when the space
bar is pressed. You can click on the “space” of the block and can choose a
key different from the space bar and that key will begin the project.
3) When the sprite is clicked – The project will begin when the sprite on
the stage is clicked.
Motion blocks:
There are several blocks in the blue category that will allow the sprite to
move, which are called motion blocks.
1. – the sprite will move 10 steps.You can also assign
your own value by clicking on white area in a programming block for e.g. (20)
instead of the specifiedvalue (10). Positive values move forward (to the right) and
negative values move backward (to the left).
2. The sprite will glide to a specified positionin 1
seconds or your custom value.The more seconds you use, the slower/longerit will
take the sprite to glide across the stage. Find a position on the stage that you

6. would like the sprite to glide to and then move it there. Above the scripts area, you
will find X and Y positions.Use these values to fill in the X and Y area on the glide
block.
3.
This block is used to place the sprite at a specific positionwhen the project
begins,so you do not have to manually pick the sprite up and put it in that position
every time you restart the project.For example,if the sprite glides when the green
flag is clicked,it will 4 move away from the beginning location. Instead of moving
the sprite back to the spotwhere it originally began, you can program it to begin at
that position.
Looks blocks:
You can control what you SEE the sprite say or how the sprite looks
through ‘Looks blocks’ which fall under the purple category of the
programming palette

7. 1) Say “hello” for 2 seconds allows you to program the
sprite to give a word bubble that “says” what you have typed for 2 secs.Because
the white space is fillable, you can delete hello and and type another message.
*You will SEE the sprite’s message,not hear it because this block is under the
looks category.*
2) Switch to
costume

8. If you click on the “Costumes”tab, you will notice that some sprites have more
than one costume.You can program the sprite to switch costumes.If the sprite
does not have another costume,you can always create your own by clicking copy
and then edit.
Sound blocks :
Sound blocks allow you to program the sprite to produce sounds or words you
can hear. Click on the “Sounds” tab beside the word “Costumes,” to import or
record a new sound. Click Sounds Importand then double click on one of the
folders (animal, effects,human, etc.).
Selecting a new sprite:
There are three ways to choose a new sprite
1) Paint a new sprite – allows you to use the paint editor to create your very own
sprite. You can use a paint brush, paint bucket, lines, circles and squares to
create your sprite.
2) New sprite – allows you to choose from sprites that are available in Scratch.
Double click on one of the categories to find a sprite you wish to use.
3) Mystery sprite – Scratch will choose a random sprite for you.
Day-2: Scratch jumping game
STEPS
-Making the sprite jump
-Make a moving obstacle
-Stop the game
-Storing score
Step 1- making the sprite jump

9. First delete the current sprite by clicking on the trash button on
the sprite as shown: then add a new sprite as per your choice ,
there are also other options of selecting a sprite which are
mentioned above
Now choose a suitable background for your game

10. To make the sprite jump , we will use the “change y by (__)”
block from the motion blocks. Note: y is for vertical direction and
x is for the horizontal .
Now to make it jump higher , we can use ‘repeat’ block from the
control blocks

11. To make the sprite come down we again add ‘‘change y by (__)’’
and add a negative value to it for eg: -10
Again adding the repeat block to make it come down in a lower
state.

12. To execute our program , go to the events block and add the “when
space key pressed” block from the events block.I have modified
the space key to ‘up arrow’ . you may also modify it accordingly.
When that specifiedkey is pressed , the code will now run, In our
case the sprite will start to jump and come back down
NOTICE that i have also added a block “start sound_____” from
sound blocks so that when our program starts, the chosen sound

13. will be played . This will make the game more interactive.
Step 2-make a moving obstacle
Firstly select a new sprite as an obstacle and make it look
smaller than our first sprite, half its size(recommended) . I have set

14. it to 50
Above, the x and y is the current position of the obstacle(BELL)
which i have placed at the end of the stage as shown. Now we
would want the obstacle to come to the way of the monkey . But
before that, let's lock its position so that it would come back to its
original state after getting to the
monkey.Add

15. from the motion blocks.
- Making obstacle to come to the way of monkey
For that, locate the position of the monkey by clicking on its
sprite . copy x and y and then again shift to the obstacle (BELL)
sprite and add block from motion
blocks . Paste the location of the first sprite (monkey) i.e x and y to
this block. This would make the obstacle glide to the monkey in 1
sec . Since it will be too fast , I will change it to 2 secs.

16. I have added the ‘forever’ block from the control section so that the
process of obstacle moving will repeat forever .
STEP:3 Stop the game
We would want to stop the game if the monkey doesn’t get
past the obstacle i.e when the monkey touches the bell. The gamer
loses the game .
Drag the ‘wait until touching __ ‘ block to the script of the obstacle
sprite and fill the blank with your first sprite in that block . After that
add another block i.e ‘stop all’ .

17. These two blocks will stop the game when the main character (first
sprite ) touches the obstacle .
Step 4 : storing the score
In this step , we will be keeping track of the gamer’s score .
everytime the main character jumps over the obstacle , the gamer
earns a point.
To do this ;
We would need - A variable (used to store information)
.Go to the variable section and make a variable, then rename it.

18. Now, Shift to the first sprite’s code section. To increase
the value(score) by 1 , drag the “change my variable by 1” block and
add it to the end of the previous block as shown .
Change ‘my variable’ to the variable name you just made for storing
the score .
Now, In case one loses the game , we need to set the score to
zero .we have already set the condition of stopping the game for
this in STEP-3 , we will now reuse the same blocks and add some
more.

19. Add “set my variable to 0” block from the variables section. After
that, rearrange it with the two blocks which we made to stop the
game as shown above.

20. Finally , adjoin “when the green flag is clicked “ and “forever” block to
it .

21.  This is the final code (sample) for both the sprite , when the green
flag is clicked your game will now run.

22. Day-2 :- scratch catch game .
The followingstepsisneededtobe followedtocreate thisgame whichislistedbelow :-
 Move the catcher
 Go to the top
 Fall Down
 Catch it .
 Keepscore .
1.Move the Catcher:-
Firstdelete the currentsprite byclickingontrashbuttonon the sprite asshown: thenadd a new sprite
as per yourchoice , there are alsoothe optionof selectingasprite whichare mentionedabove .

23. Now choose a suitable background for your game
To make the sprite move leftandright, we will use “change x by(_)”blockfrommotionblock.Note:yis
for vertical directionandx isforthe horizontal. Now tomake it move rightand left we will use aif then
statement.

24. In the if statementwe will checkwhenrightarrow ispressed thenthe sprite will change itspositionby
15 pointsinx axis.
Like wise Inthe if statementwe will checkwhenleft arrow ispressedthenthe sprite willchange its
positionby15 pointsinx axis.
Nowif we keepthose twostatementorblockintothe foreverloopthenitwill move rightandleft
accordingto arrow keypressed.
Nowit will move the catcherbowl leftandright.

25. 2. Go to the top
Take anothersprite whichcan fall fromthe groundfirstto make it fall fromthe groundwe needto take
it to the top.

26. 3.Falldown
Now we needtoset apple positionintothe top which is“sety to (181)”so that itfallsfromthere andto
avoidto fall itfromsame positonwe will use a“go to randompositionstatement”
Once it isset to positiontopandmade to start fromrandomposition.now letsmake it fall fromtopto
down.Nowto make itcome downwe will change itspositionbyyaxiswith10 pointswhichwill be like .
Afterthisitwill fall continuouslyaftersome time itwill come downandgetstuckinone place so to
avoidthiswe will be usingif thenstatementwhere we will checkthe positonof apple inyaxiswhichis
lessthan -170 is yes thenit will gobackto top and come downby randomposition.

27. Nowafterexecutingthese block the apple will come downandhitthe groundand getback to the
original toppositionrandomly.
4.Catch it .
Till nowwe movedleftandrightwe make the apple come fromtop to groundnow its time tocatch the
fallingapple .
Nowto catch the apple we will use the if thenstatementwhere willrunconditionthatwhenthe bowl
touchesthe apple ,the apple will gotorandompositionwithpositionsettoypositon181 and thenfall
downby 10 pointsiny axis.In betweenthiswe willaddacoin sound.

28. 5.Keep score .
Nowinthe endto keepscore we needtocreate a variable named“Score ” whichwill increase byone
aftergettingtouchwithapp sothe blockwill be like
Hence,catch game is completed.

29. Project-3:- scratch flying cat game .
Steps :-
 Making the sprite fly
 Make a moving trees and clouds
 Add flying apple for score
 Storing score .
1.Making the sprite fly
To make the sprite fly we need to choose sprite for this
we will be choosing flying cat sprite but before that we
need to delete the old sprite
A.Delete the default sprite

30. Nowadd a flyingcat sprite intothe designer.afteraddingflyingcatsprite we make itmove up , down
,leftandright.
Nowcomingintoblocksection.so to move itup and downwe will be using aforeverloopwhichhasthe
mainworkto repeatthe same task again and again so that whenuserclickarrow keyitrespondsatthe
same time .

31. Nowinside foreverloopwe willbe addingif then
statementwhichbasicallycheckeitherthe
conditioninsidethe if statementiscorrector not if
it iscorrect thenitwill move tothenblockwhere it
executesthe code theninsideit.
If we see in the if statement there is a condition like
when the computer key which is key “up arrow is
pressed ” it means when user press up arrow key into
his/her keyboard then the condition inside the then
blockexecute whichsays “change costume tocat flying
b photo ” and then change the positon of the cat by 15
points in y axis .
Now the same thig goes for coming down , moving left
and moving right . here how’s the block will look like .
Note :- to move the sprite fromleftor right we needto
change the value by x axis by plus or negative pointsin
thisprojectwe are changingthe value by15 or negative
15
So ,finallywe have successfullymovedthe flyingcatleft
, right , up and down .

32. Step 2:Add a background.
Now lets add a background into it .
Step 3: add trees and clouds
So to add trees and clouds we need to add a
sprite which is capable of moving from one
direction to another direction

33. The block to add trees and clouds is below :-
Here this block says to the sprite that go to the
locationcoordinatesorposition where the valueof x
is 218 and y is -101
andthenafterthat there Isanotherstatementwhich
says I am forever loop please run the code which is
needed to be executed many time for forever here
inside forever loop there we are saying to the sprite
that eitherbe tree or clouds thissame thinggoesfor
trees and clouds. now we are changing the position
of sprite that be trees or clouds by negative 3 into x
axis.
after that we have used if then statement which is
basically checking the position of sprite that is the
positon of sprite is less than negative 240 in x axis
then go to position coordinated 218 and y =-105
which is their starting position of default position.
Step-4:addingflyingapple togetscore.
Here the block says to the apple
hide for 1 second and then show
then after that it starts the
forever block and inside the
forever block it says change the
positon of apple by negative 5
Then after that it check the
positon of apple is is below
negative 240 in x axis then it says
to go into positon location
coordinates240 x axis and 75 y
axis .

34. Moving apple in to random position
this block says inside forever
loop it says change the
positionby negative -5 into x
axis then we use if then
statement where we say go
into random positionand set
it to position 232 in x axis.
Keep score:-
Here we have created a score
variableand set it to zero and
then after that we have
created forever loop inside
forever loop there is condition
that if the cat touches the
apple then it plays a chomp
sound and then change score
by 1 and set to positioninto
240 in x axis and y 75 into y
axis .

35. Finallythe 6.5 hours cource work is finallycompleted .