The survey summarizes the results of a survey conducted by the NILDE Internationalization Working Group regarding international interlibrary loan (ILL) practices among NILDE member libraries in Italy and other libraries in Europe and Spain. Over 400 libraries responded to the survey. The results showed that the majority of international ILL requests were between libraries in European countries, especially within Italy and Spain. Respondents indicated barriers to international ILL included costs of returning physical items and copyright restrictions on digital materials. There was overall support for expanding free resource sharing between libraries.
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A NILDE survey on International ILL Exchanges: results and considerations
1. Elena Bernardini University of Milan
Giovanna Colombo University of Insubria
Carmen Lomba University of Cantabria, Spain
Silvana Mangiaracina CNR Bologna
Fulvia Merlini IRCCS BurloGarofoloTrieste
Emanuela Secinaro INRIM Torino
ANILDEsurveyoninternational ILL exchanges:
results andconsiderations
2. NILDE
Italian network and software
for resource sharing
o ILL and DD supply web
based system
o 1000 library community,
200.000 requests/year
o Same vision and rules
o Free of charge cooperation
2
Intro
94%
5%
1%
NILDE libraries by country
Italy
Spain
All others (GRE, CHE, SWE, BRA, LUX, HRV)
3. 3
NILDE International ILL request trend
o Opening to world libraries (since 2011)
o Software with multilingual user interface
o Increase in ILL exchanged documents 2011-2016
especially between libraries in Italy and Spain
Intro
4. 4
From 1858 to
2002
After 2002 Now
INTER LIBRARY
LOAN
RESOURCE
SHARING
RETHINKING
RESOURCE SHARING
Intro
“NILDE without borders” survey
NILDE grows, world of libraries changes,
different vision about ILL exchanges
Need to understand more in addition to quantitative
statistics
ILL Survey? Why not?
5. “NILDE without borders” survey
PURPOSE: investigate current resource sharing practices
and interlibrary loan procedures/policies not only in NILDE
libraries network but also in extra NILDE libraries in
European-Mediterranean context.
AIMS: collect feedback/results for promoting international
cooperation and expanding NILDE services.
BACKGROUND: look at previous anglo-american
international ALA-RUSA-STARS 2007, 2011, 2015 ILL surveys
and case studies
5
Intro
6. Survey METHOD 1
TARGET
✔ NILDE libraries
(including Spanish REBIUN and other foreign libraries) mailing list
✔ Other libraries outside NILDE network
Italian (AIB, Gidif, SiDocumenta), spanish (GTBIB, BIB-MED) mailing
lists and European libraries and library national associations contacts
6
Method
NILDE RECIPIENTS Non-NILDE RECIPIENTS
NILDE, REBIUN and
other associated,
foreign libraries
AIB, Gidif, SiDocumenta, Spanish
GTBIB and BIB-MED, other libraries
contacts and library national
associations mailing lists
7. Survey METHOD 2
SOFTWARE open source web-survey
application made available and hosted by University of Cantabria,
Spain www.LimeSurvey.org/
SURVEY LAYOUT
Anonymous multilingual questionnaire (Italian, Spanish, English),
total 23 questions (only a few required) and a final enquiry for
additional comments
SURVEY DISTRIBUTION
Invitations with websurvey link distributed via email message to all
mailing lists on 19 June 2017 to fill in until 18th July 2017.
7
Method
8. Survey participation
Survey opened 801 times with 401 completed surveys.
Uncompleted: survey breakoff, different browsers layout,
respondents’ levels of computer and web use, technical failures
(undelivered)
8
Results
69%
11%
12%
5%
3%
Library categories
University
Public Research Institution
Public Institution
Private no profit
Institution
Other
69% University
represented the
most common type
of library
responding
77% NILDE
associated libraries
10. 10
Results
Volume of international lending requests
appears higher than borrowing
Survey international ILL requests
Yes
70%
No
30%
Lending
Yes
63%
No
37%
Borrowing
Does your library send/receive international ILL-DD requests?
11. 11
250
150
79 71
25 16 13 6 5 4 2 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
EU Center &
South
America
North
America
Extra EU Oceania Russia Asia Africa China Middle
East
India Other
Which geographic areas does your library receive international ILL-DD
requests from?
232
84
64
47
29
12 10 6 4 3 2 1
0
50
100
150
200
250
EU North
America
Extra EU Center &
South
America
Oceania Russia Asia Middle
East
China Africa India Other
Which geographic areas does your library send international ILL-DD
requests to?
Lending &
borrowing
top
countries
Results
Europe
and America
(North, Central
and South)
12. Returnables
requests
12
Results
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 1-20 20-50 50-150 150-300 >300%ofresponses
Number of requests in 2016
International ILL requests (books) received in 2016
Lending
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
0 1-20 20-50 50-150 150-300 >300
%ofresponses
Number of requests in 2016
International ILL requests (books) sent in 2016
Borrowing
13. 13
Non-returnables requests
The most respondents have fewer than 20 international ILL
borrowing and lending requests
Results
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
0 <20 20-50 50-100 150-300 >300
%ofresponses
Number of requests in 2016
International lending requests
received (copies) in 2016
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
0 <20 20-50 50-100 150-300 >300
%ofresponses
Number of requests in 2016
International borrowing requests
sent (copies) in 2016
Lending Borrowing
14. 14
Type of payment
IFLA vouchers are the
most popular kind of
payment requested by
lending and borrowing
libraries
Other • Credit card
• OCLC IFM
• Deposit Account
Results
47%
53%
Does your library require a fee for
international ILL-DD service?
yes
No
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
IFLA Voucher
Bank transfer
International postal order
Other
Payment accepted by your library (L)
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
IFLA Voucher
Bank transfer
Other
Payment required to your library (B)
15. 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%
Document unavailable, lost
Copyright/embargo
Wrong bibliographical references
borrowed book
Other
Main causes of not successful processing of international ILL
15
• fee and payment obstacles
• ILL service not provided
• No failed request
Survey
RESULTS
Unfulfilled international interlibrary
exchanges causes
16. 16
Would your library agree to free ILL exchange with foreign libraries,
asking for a compensation at the end of the year after a specified
maximum number of documents supplied?
Survey
RESULTS
Availability to free cooperation
Resource sharing and free of charge
cooperation attitude
88%
12%
Yes
No
17. Comments and suggestions
the most tell us about ILL difficulties, ILL delivery and
procedures, catalogue holdings visibility, copyright and
DD clauses, systems interoperability:
My library cannot implement an international ILL service because
of insufficient staff and organization”
Delivery and ILL receptions time is conditioned by post and custom
office”
Respondents ask:
Electronic IFLA vouchers - Simplify the transit from customs (US,
but also Switzerland) - Allowing different payment options -
Publishers agreements clauses allowing document delivery
17
Results
18. Comments negative perceptions
o Not significant progress in resource sharing of returnable items:
✔ visible but undeliverable
✔ fear of loss
o limited e-lending (i.e. e-books licensing restrictions)
Comments positive perceptions
o increasing exchanges of non returnable items (articles)
o successful experiences
o innovative solutions proposed:
✔ e-lending solutions software or publisher agreements
✔ Local consortia or cooperation networks of libraries
18
Conclusions
19. Conclusions 1
o NILDE widely disseminated in ITALY
77% of respondents are NILDE members
o Availability of free cooperation (88% yes, 12% no)
o Needs to extend interlibrary cooperation
Higher number of international ILL transactions between neighboring
geographic countries (mainly ITALY, SPAIN, then other EU countries)
o International lending and borrowing common obstacles:
✔ returnables payment, shipping costs
✔ copyright concern for non-returnables
19
Conclusions
20. Conclusions 2
Suggestions about interlibrary cooperation and resource
sharing:
✔ free service for non-returnables document (scanned
and digitized documents have no shipping costs )
✔ collaborative collection development to fight lack of
funds and financial crisis
✔ simplify payment method (adoption of electronic IFLA
vouchers …)
20
Conclusions
21. Similarities with other international surveys
(ALA-RUSA-STARS surveys) and case studies
• Countries of ILL exchanges: The majority of international
borrowing and lending countries are in North America and in
Europe.
• Materials difficult to obtain: older and rare, thesis and local
dissertations, e-books.
• Barriers/obstacles: shipping costs, uncertainty about licensing
and e-lending
• Payment method: IFLA vouchers
21
Conclusions
22. Differences with other international surveys
(ALA-RUSA-STARS surveys) and case studies
• Lower volume of international ILL requests:
The most respondents have fewer than 20 international ILL requests
per year borrowing and lending returnables and non-returnables
(other surveys fewer than 100)
• ILL Request processing system:
NILDE (other surveys OCLC)
22
Conclusions
23. Resource Sharing is not only
about "papers" but also about "people"
Elena Bernardini Giovanna Colombo
Carmen Lomba Silvana Mangiaracina
Fulvia Merlini Emanuela Secinaro
23
Conclusions
24. NILDE Internationalization Working Group
24
Colombo Giovanna (CBN NILDE - University of Insubria)
De Filippis Patrizia (CBN NILDE – University of Campania)
Maimone Ansaldo Patti Loriana (CBN NILDE – University of Messina)
Mangiaracina Silvana (CBN NILDE – CNR Library Bologna)
Secinaro Emanuela (CBN NILDE - I.N.RI.M Torino)
Tugnoli Alessandro (CBN NILDE - CNR Library Bologna)
Bae Peter (Princeton University, USA)
Bernardini Elena (University of Milan)
Çelikbaş Sema (Istanbul Technical University)
Chiandoni Marco (University of Trieste)
Lomba Carmen (University of Cantabria, Spain)
Mainardi Andrea (University of Pavia)
Mulondo Allan (Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for Procedural Law)
Reuspi Franco (University of Genoa)
25. Thank you for your attention!
Any question?
Contact info: giovanna.colombo@uninsubria.it
(on behalf of NILDE Internationalization Working Group)
25
Conclusions
Notes de l'éditeur
Ralph W. Emerson said “All the great speakers were bad at the first”. I am Giovanna Colombo of Insubria University Science Library and NILDE Committee and internationalization working group.
I’m honoured to be here and I hope to be not such a bad speaker for you because this is my first presentation.
Nilde is the largest italian network and software for interlibrary document exchange. The NILDE web application was initially developed by Bologna Research Library of Italian National Research Council at the beginning of 2000.Nilde library community counts almost one thousand members: mainly accademic (76%) libraries Italian university, higher education and research libraries but also medical and public libraries. Academic libraries REBIUN (software and Network - Red de las Biblioteca Universitarias espanolas) and CSIC (Consejo Seperior de Investig. Cientificas).
NILDE members share a cooperative model based on same vision and rules and free of charge cooperation. Foreign members are from Spain Switzerland, Luxembourg, Sweden, Croatian and GreeceFree of charge cooperation common rules: membership cost is 300 euro per year, but there is free association for libraries that ask less than 25 documents per year
Nilde multilingual software user interface supports Italian, English, Spanish, Greek and French languages.
Higher volume pf exchanges beetween Italy and Spain libraries because of the particular relation with Sapnish REBIUN libraries
NILDE application programming interface makes NILDE software open to communicate to any other ILL system and fully integrated with the ALPE database (e-journals license archive).
In the last 5 years there was an increase in exchanged ILL documents and last year NILDE processed two hundred thousand documents.
Since the beginning two millions.
Special relatinoship were established with Spain libraries of REBIUN network
We must overcome (surpass, overtake) the concept of ILL.
INTERLIBRARY LOAN was born in Berkeley university almost 2 centuries ago. There is a shif and we need to rethink ILL and use a wider term RESOURCE SHARINGNew technologies have a large impact in libraries services, new patron expectations and new vision of the library as a place ask RETHINKING roles and space and rethinking resource sharing. In Litsey book RESOURCE SHARING anytime anywhere HOW ILL became Resource sharing
NILDE Internal statistics say NILDE grows but how? NILDE Committee decide to conduct an international ILL exchange survey
Before 2002: handbook of Virginia Boucher, writing of Gilmer, Chang and Jackson After 2002: studies concerning cost of libraries Leon Cress
Now 2013 Marshall Breeding report about system and automation and rethinking resource sharing 2014 Posner
Need to understand more in addition to internal statistics
ILL Survey PURPOSE: investigate current resource sharing practices and interlibrary loan procedures and policies (i.e. international ILL methods, payment, items requested) not only in NILDE network but also in extra NILDE libraries in European-Mediterranean context.
With the aims to collect feedback and useful results for PROMOTING NILDE internationalization and EXPANDING services and international cooperation.
We take a look and compared previous anglo-american international ALA-RUSA-STARS 2007, 2011, 2015 ILL surveys (Atkins, Baich, Munson) and case studies presented by Frederiksen et al. (2012) and Litsey (2017) discover what is common and what is different
The NILDE survey target were all NILDE libraries of nilde-forni mailing list italian and foreign, including spanish REBIUN network librariesOther italian libraries not associated with NILDE (AIB, Gidif, SiDocumenta network) and finally European libraries , international contacts and library national associations (i.e. France, Hungary, Portugal).
We tested different software but finally the web survey weas created in Limesurvey an on line open source application made available and hosted by spanish university of Cantabria
all NILDE libraries, including spanish REBIUN network libraries and other not italian: survey was sent through the nilde-forni mailing list. Then Italian libraries not associated with NILDE (AIB, Gidif, SiDocumenta network), the spanish libraries (GTIBIB and BIB-MED) and finally European, international contacts and library national associations (i.e. France, Hungary, Portugal).
There is usually a low participation in survey. Percentage of respondents stands at 15-20%. In web-survey less 11%
We have had also EMPTY STRING for NOT answered questions and NULL VALUE for skipped and filtered questions
WHY NOT tell about NILDE associated 73% of respondents?
Most respondents have fewer than 20 requests per year borrowing and lending
First causes are document lost or unavailable, second copyright and licensing concern
Librarians attitude agrees with free cooperation. Different question is library governance attitude.Libraries and librarians are education and knoweledge promoters not inequality develpers
270 My library cannot implement an international ILL service because of insufficient staff and organization
360 Delivery and ILL receptions time is conditioned by post and custom office390 The main difficulty is related to the use of the non-English language catalogue (mainly German)
444 The library I'm working in is very little but we would be really happy to improve with a service of free ILL exchange with foreign libraries!
260 Electronic IFLA vouchers
325 Simplify the transit from customs (US, but also Switzerland)
341 Improving accessibility and search in foreign catalogues
477 Allowing different payment options
553 National and international management systems interoperable with catalogues, free reciprocal supply agreements between academic institutions
620 Publishers agreements clauses allowing document delivery
Orbis Cascade Alliance Consortium – Occam Reader
Consortia or local networks as NILDE (cfr. Litsey 2017) are the alternative between the PAY-PER-VIEW scenario and the GLOBAL DIGITAL LIBRARY scenario (cfr. Frederiksen et al. 2012, Baker 2009).
Similarities and differences with international surveys (ALA-RUSA-STARS 2007, 2011, 2015 ILL surveys) and case studies Frederiksen (2014) and Litsey (2017)