Principles and Ethical Issues of Psychotherapies

1. Dhaka Medical College and Hospital
Presented By
Bidhan Sarkar
Trainee Clinical Psychologist
Department of Psychiatry
Dhaka Medical College and
Hospital
Supervised By
Dr Md Rashidul Haque
Registrar
Department of Psychiatry
Dhaka Medical College and
Hospital
Principles and Ethical issues of
psychotherapies

2. What is psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy is a systematic and scientific way of
changing thought emotion or behavior of a person
which is based on psychological principle .

3. Common factors in psychotherapies
Therapeutic relationship
Active listening
Release of Emotion
Restoration of morale

4. Common factors in psychotherapies
Providing information
Providing rational for treatment
Advice and guidance
Suggestion

5. Ethical issues
Beneficence and non maleficence
Fidelity and responsibility
Autonomy
Integrity
Justice
Respect for people right & dignity
Informed Consent
Confidentiality

6. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)
• Individual conceptualization of each
patient
• Requires a sound therapeutic alliance
• Emphasizes on collaboration and
active participations
• Problem-focused
• Emphasizes the present

7. Cognitive Behavior Therapy contd…
• Work on relapse prevention
• Time limited
• Identify, evaluate & respond to dysfunctional
thoughts & beliefs
• Use a variety of techniques

8. Behavior Therapy
• Concentrates more on behavior
• Maladaptive behavior acquired though learning
• Specific clear treatment goals

9. Behavior Therapy contd…
• Based on learning principles to
modifying maladaptive behavior.
• Rejects classical trait theory
• Adapt methods according to client
problem
• Concentrates on present

10. Brief Psychodynamic Therapy (BPT)
• Emphasis on intra psychic & unconscious conflict
• Importance on defense mechanism development
• Psychopathology develop in Early childhood
• Experience organized interpersonal relation

11. Brief Psychodynamic Therapy (BPT)
• Transference and counter-transference
• Free association as a major method
• Focusing on interpretations of transference
• Therapeutic alliance: therapist and patient trust

12. Interpersonal Therapy (IPT )
• Improving communication pattern
• Varied depending on patient needs
• Identified the communication
pattern
• Helps to express emotion in a
healthy way

13. Family (systemic) Therapy
• Intervention promoting Cohesion
• Intervention promoting Adaptability
• Developmental influences
• Focus on family structure and process

14. Family (systemic) Therapy
• Focus on surface behavior
• Dysfunctional transactional patterns
• Link between surface behavior and
developmental history
• Current factors leading to the
presenting problem

15. Couple therapy
• Changes the views of the
relationship
• Decreases emotional avoidance
• Adult love should be more
explicit
• Behavior must be considered in
the context
• Improves communication

16. Dialectic behavior Therapy (DBT)
• Used in borderline
personality disorder
• To assure patient’s behavior
and feeling are valid
• Emphasize on patient and
therapist relationship
• Therapist coaches the
patient to

17. Dialectic behavior Therapy (DBT)
• Enhance capability and motivation
• Activate non-mood-dependent
behavior
• Improve emotion regulation
• Acceptance and mindfulness

18. Group therapy
• Universality
• Altruism
• Installing hope
• Imparting information
• Development of the
socialization technique
• Imitative behavior

19. Group therapy
• Cohesiveness
• Existential factors
• Catharsis
• Interpersonal learning
• Self understanding

20. Client centered psychotherapy
• Congruence and genuineness
• Relationship between therapist and client
• Unconditional positive regard and acceptance
• Accurate empathetic understanding

21. Client centered psychotherapy
• Focuses on the client’s conscious experience
rather than on therapist theory or techniques
• A warm , trusting and accepting relationship is
the main ingredient
• Client individuality help to growth as a person
• Therapist must adopt and communicated three
interrelated attitudes
• 1. unconditional positive regard
• 2. Empathy
• 3. Congruence

22. Gestalt Therapy
• The Nature of People
• The Here and Now
• Unfinished Business
• Energy and blocks to energy
• The Therapist’s function and role

23. Brief Counselling
• Exploring emotional
problems
• Short and simplest form
• Supportive and sympathetic
listening
• Addressing a current crisis

24. Thank You
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