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William P. Hall National Fellow Australian Centre for Science, Innovation and Society - University of Melbourne DIS: ICT 5.39 - 8344 1522 Head Office / Engineering Tenix Defence, Williamstown [email_address] Visiting Faculty Associate University of Technology Sydney Dept Info Sci - 13/10/2006 Emergence and Growth of Knowledge and Diversity in Hierarchically Complex Organised Systems: Genesis of a theoretical framework
Some background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The work summarised here began ~1977 in response to paradigmatic misunderstandings over my PhD ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
KM is a mess in several other areas as well with too many poorly understood paradigms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Donaldson, L. 1995. American Anti-Management Theones of Organization, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press – see also  McKelvey, B. 1997. Quasi-natural organization science. Organization Science 8:352-380
Foundation Problems in KM: We can’t even define knowledge consistently ,[object Object],Stenmark, D. 2002.  Information vs. Knowledge: The Role of intranets in Knowledge Management . In Proceedings of HICSS-35, Hawaii, January 7-10, 2002  *   *  Full text free to the web Justified, true beliefs  Data vested with meaning  Facts and messages  Choo et al. (2000)  Text that answers the questions why and how  Text that answers the questions who, when, what, or where  Text that does not answer questions to a particular problem  Quigley and  Debons  (1999)   Experiences, values, insights, and contextual information  A message meant to change the receiver’s perception  A set of descrete facts  Davenport and  Prusak  (1998)   Valuable information from the human mind  Data with relevance and purpose  Simple observations  Davenport (1997)   The ability to assign meaning  Data with meaning  Not yet interpreted symbols  Spek  and  Spijkervet  (1997)   * Commitments and beliefs created from these messages  A flow of meaningful messages  Nonaka  and Takeuchi (1995) Truths and beliefs, perspectives and concepts, judgements and expectations, methodologies and know how  Facts organised to describe a situation or condition  Wiig  (1993) Knowledge Information Data Author(s)
Conflicting paradigms of knowledge in KM ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Incommensurability of the paradigms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Key ideas for answering “What is knowledge?” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is knowledge? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Popper's  t hree  w orlds ,[object Object],Regulate/Control Organismic/Personal Knowledge  exists in World 2 Emerges from  World 1 processes Objective  Knowledge forms  World 3 Persistent logical  Content produced / evaluated by World 2 processes ©  William P. Hall 3. Expressed language Computer memory Recorded thought Logical artefacts Heredity Reproduction/Production 2. Cybernetic self-regulation Consciousness Cognition Drive/Enable Development/Recall Inferred logic Describe/Predict Test Observe 1. Energy Thermodynamics Physics Chemistry Biochemistry Existence/Reality World 1
Karl  Popper's "tetradic schema" or  "general theory of evolution " ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],TS 1 TS 2 • • • • • TS m P n P n +1 EE TS 1 TS 2 • • • • • TS m P n P n +1 EE TS 1 TS 2 • • • • • TS m P n P n +1 EE
John Boyd's OODA Loop process wins conflicts ,[object Object],A O OBSERVE (Results of Test) OBSERVATION PARADIGMS EXTERNAL INFORMATION CHANGING CIRCUMSTANCES UNFOLDING ENVIRONMENTAL RESULTS OF ACTIONS ORIENT D DECIDE (Hypothesis) O CULTURE PARADIGMS PROCESSES GENETIC HERITAGE MEMORY OF HISTORY INPUT ANALYSIS  SYNTHESIS ACT (Test) GUIDANCE AND CONTROL PARADIGMS UNFOLDING INTERACTION WITH EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
Some OODA definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Maturana and Varela: autopoiesis defines life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Paradigm of the autopoietic organised system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Complexity theory:  Hierarchically complex dissipative systems  a nd the focal level (complex triad) HIGH LEVEL SYSTEM / ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM SUBSYSTEMS boundary conditions, constraints, regulations FOCAL LEVEL Possibilities initiating conditions universal laws "material  - causes" ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emergence of knowledge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Knowledge: a phenomenon of emergent and evolving autopoiesis Tentative  solutions Coalescence / Emergence † Stable  solutions Stabilised autopoiesis † Selected  solutions Dispositional autopoiesis † Semiotic autopoiesis Knowledge sharing Shared solutions † Criticised solutions Dis-integration Integration Turbulence Evolutionary Stage
Emergent  orders  of autopoietic complexity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproduction, sex, and diversification (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproduction, sex, and diversification (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Knowledge in higher order autopoiesis (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Knowledge in higher order autopoiesis (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The organisation is a complex system in the environment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Constraints  and boundaries (laws of nature determine what is possible) Processes The organisation's imperatives and goals Energy (exergy) Recruitment Materials Income Observations Entropy/Waste Products Departures Expenses Actions
Some concepts building on autopoiesis theory and Karl Popper's theory of knowledge ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],WORLD 1 ("everything") Medium or supersystem Resources People Economics Information Constraints { Organisation 1 Organisation 3 Organisation 2 Organisation 4
Knowledge in an autopoietic entity AUTOPOIETIC SYSTEM Constrain/Control Observe/Measure Recall Material Reality WORLD 1 Embodied cybernetic knowledge WORLD 2 ITERATION/SELECTION THROUGH TIME Produce Symbolically encoded knowledge/ memory WORLD 3
Personal Research http://www.orgs-evolution-knowledge.net/ Emergent autopoietic vortexes forming  world 2  and  world 3  in a flux of exergy to entropy World 1    Flux along the focal level   Symbolic knowledge Embodied  knowledge Autonomy Autocatalytic metabolism Material cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exergy source Entropy sink
Cognition (terms are meaningful in relation to autopoietic or artificially intelligent systems) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Coombe's hierarchy in the autopoietic entity Environment Autopoietic system Cell Multicellular organism Social organisation State Perturbations Observations ( data ) Classification Meaning An "attractor basin" Related  information Memory of history Semantic processing to form  knowledge Predict, propose Intelligence
Another view Decision Medium/ Environment Autopoietic system World State 1 Perturbation Transduction Observation Memory Classification Evaluation Synthesis Processing Paradigm Assemble Response Internal changes Effect action Effect Iterate Conscious OODA Loop in Material Terms Codified knowledge Observed internal changes Time World State 2
Paradigm of the autopoietic organization (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Existing users of Autopoiesis neglect World 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Organisational knowledge in World 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]

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Emergence and Growth of Knowledge and Diversity in Hierarchically Complex Organised Systems:

  • 1. William P. Hall National Fellow Australian Centre for Science, Innovation and Society - University of Melbourne DIS: ICT 5.39 - 8344 1522 Head Office / Engineering Tenix Defence, Williamstown [email_address] Visiting Faculty Associate University of Technology Sydney Dept Info Sci - 13/10/2006 Emergence and Growth of Knowledge and Diversity in Hierarchically Complex Organised Systems: Genesis of a theoretical framework
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  • 26. Knowledge in an autopoietic entity AUTOPOIETIC SYSTEM Constrain/Control Observe/Measure Recall Material Reality WORLD 1 Embodied cybernetic knowledge WORLD 2 ITERATION/SELECTION THROUGH TIME Produce Symbolically encoded knowledge/ memory WORLD 3
  • 27. Personal Research http://www.orgs-evolution-knowledge.net/ Emergent autopoietic vortexes forming world 2 and world 3 in a flux of exergy to entropy World 1  Flux along the focal level  Symbolic knowledge Embodied knowledge Autonomy Autocatalytic metabolism Material cycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exergy source Entropy sink
  • 28.
  • 29. Coombe's hierarchy in the autopoietic entity Environment Autopoietic system Cell Multicellular organism Social organisation State Perturbations Observations ( data ) Classification Meaning An "attractor basin" Related information Memory of history Semantic processing to form knowledge Predict, propose Intelligence
  • 30. Another view Decision Medium/ Environment Autopoietic system World State 1 Perturbation Transduction Observation Memory Classification Evaluation Synthesis Processing Paradigm Assemble Response Internal changes Effect action Effect Iterate Conscious OODA Loop in Material Terms Codified knowledge Observed internal changes Time World State 2
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.