SpohnHome presentation @ 2021 HVACR Symposium
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Bill Spohn takes you on his journey of building his house "with ideas stolen from the future." Not a Passive House, definitely running on solar, maybe a Net-Zero House (time and testing will tell). But certainly, it is what he defines as a Personalized Performance Home that is pretty/handsome, very comfortable with superb Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and uses energy responsibly: it's the SpohnHome.
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SpohnHome presentation @ 2021 HVACR Symposium
- 1. SYSTEMS USED AND LESSONS LEARNED BUILDING A HIGH PERFORMANCE HOME OR WHAT’S IT LIKE LIVING INSIDE YOUR THEORIES BILL SPOHN HVACR SCHOOL 2021 SYMPOSIUM MARCH 12, 2021
- 2. A FAVOR TO ASK: SEND BILL INTO SPACE • WATCH & SHARE BILL’S CONTEST VIDEO • TWITTER: WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNSPACE-TW • FACEBOOK: WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNSPACE-FB • LINKEDIN: WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNSPACE-LI • YOUTUBE: WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNSPACE-YT • INSTAGRAM: WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNSPACE-IG Video produced by Joe Medosch ->
- 3. BILL SPOHN • 1988 – 1998 BACHARACH, INC. • 1999 – 2009 TESTO, INC. • 2009 – NOW TRUTECHTOOLS, LTD • BS & MS MECHANICAL ENGINEERING • PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING LICENSE • TECHNICAL STANDARDS COMMITTEE MEMBER • CONSULTANT, TRAINER • PODCASTER: • BUILDING HVAC SCIENCE • RESTALK 2019 I’m not a builder!
- 4. WE ALL KNOW WHAT A HOME IS, BUT…. • WHAT IS PERFORMANCE? • COMFORT • SAFETY • HEALTH • IAQ • ENERGY • RATING • WHAT IS PERFORMANCE? • SUSTAINABILITY • DURABILITY • GREEN • CLIMATE CHANGE • BUDGET • CODE • ? Performance is personal Meets your needs. Aligns with your understanding. Gives you what you want. At a price you can afford.
- 6. OUR GOALS • FLATTER THE NATURAL VIEW • HAVE SPACE FOR A LARGE GARDEN • A HOUSE WE WANT TO LIVE IN • STYLE: HANDSOME OR PRETTY • FUNCTIONAL: ONE FLOOR LIVING, FOREVER HOME • COMFORTABLE & HEALTHY • ENERGY EFFICIENT & ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE • FUTURE-PROOF Nov 2018 June 2020
- 7. GOALS FOR OUR HOME • FLATTER THE VIEW • VERY COMFORTABLE • FUNCTIONAL FOR US • SUPERB IAQ • ALL ELECTRIC – SOLAR POWERED • ROOM FOR A LARGE GARDEN • ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE
- 8. US DOE Climate Zone MAP Based on heating degree-days, average temperatures,
- 9. INFLUENCERS FROM MY NETWORK • HOME ENERGY – HOUSE AS A SYSTEM • LINDA WIGINGTON • HELEN PERRINE • A PATTERN LANGUAGE • CHRIS DORSI • “DESIGN FOR PEOPLE, GOOD BUILDINGS FOLLOW” • ROBERT BEAN • PASSIVE HOUSE CONCEPTS • KNUT HOYER • PRACTICAL PASSIVE • RHETT MAJOR • ALL ELECTRIC • NATE ADAMS
- 10. • CONTINUOUS INSULATION & NO THERMAL BRIDGES • AIRTIGHT CONSTRUCTION • HIGH PERFORMANCE WINDOWS • DOUBLE PANES ALLOWED • MANAGE SOLAR GAIN • SHADING • HRV/ERV • MINIMAL HVAC SYSTEM From www.phius.org “It’s about control.” www.HomeDiagnosis.tv
- 11. PRACTICAL PASSIVE • RHETT MAJOR • LOCAL EXPERT • PASSIVE HOUSE TRADE INSTRUCTOR • TRAINED IN AUSTRIA • OUR CONSTRUCTION CONSULTANT • KEEPING PASSIVE WINDOWS • AIR SEALING DETAILS • THERMAL BRIDGING • HEATED BATHROOM FLOOR
- 12. MODULAR CONSTRUCTION • ECOCRAFT HOMES • THRU RESEARCH FOR PASSIVE HOUSE BUILDER • THE ONLY ONE IN OUR AREA! • VALIDATION OF THEIR WORK: • IBACOS- HOME CONSTRUCTION RESEARCH FIRM • OWNER BUILT HIS OWN MODULAR • BILL & RHETT TEST THE HOUSE HE LIVES IN • MODULAR IS THEIR ONLY MODE • PUSHING THE ENVELOPE OF THE BUILDER AND FACTORY WITH SOME COMPROMISES
- 13. SMI - STRUCTURAL MODULARS INC. ROAD TRIP!!!! 77 miles from factory to house site Built to withstand a Richter 7 earthquake
- 14. BENEFITS OF FACTORY BUILT • JIGS AND FIXTURES – IT MUST LINE UP LATER! • CONSISTENT WORKFORCE • WORK TO COMES TO THE WORKERS & QA • MATERIALS ARE ALWAYS PROTECTED INSIDE • WWW.BIT.LY/HOUSES-LIKE-CARS • MODULES ARE FAIRLY OPEN, OUT-GASSING HAPPENS BEFORE DELIVERY • WALLS ARE BUILT FROM INSIDE OUT, ALLOWING FOR BETTER AIR SEALING • WORK IS DONE FROM ALL 6 SIDES AT ONCE • OVERBUILT - HOUSE MUST BE FIT FOR A ROAD TRIP (7 ON THE RICHTER SCALE) • LESS WASTE THAN SITE BUILT
- 15. ALL ELECTRIC HOME • IT’S THE WAY OF THE FUTURE • HEAT PUMP HEATING AND COOLING • INDUCTION COOK TOP • HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER • HEAT PUMP CLOTHES DRYER • ELECTRIC FIREPLACE • HEATED FLOOR IN MASTER BATHROOM INFLUENCED BY NATE ADAMS WWW.NATETHEHOUSEWHISPERER.COM
- 17. Second Floor Plan Hot & cold water usage
- 18. Basement Future powder room and kitchenette in basement
- 20. • HVAC • DUCT LAYOUT • RETURN SIZING • CONDITIONING ERV • LOAD CALCULATIONS: MANUAL J VS PHPP • 4 ZONE - DUCTED MINI SPLIT • AIR SOURCE HEAT PUMP (ASHP) • MINIMAL SPACE CONDITIONING
- 23. PASSIVE HOUSE PLANNING PACKAGE (PHPP) ENERGY MODEL ALLOWS FOR EASY SWAP IN/ OUT OF COMPONENTS
- 24. KWIK MODEL • TOTAL HEAT LOSS = 41,214 (ABOUT 45% OF THAT IS THE BASEMENT) • SENSIBLE HEAT GAIN = 19,962 (ALMOST NONE OF THAT IS THE BASEMENT) • LATENT HEAT GAIN = 5,962 (ALMOST NONE IN THE BASEMENT) • TOTAL HEAT GAIN = 25,924
- 28. COMPARING MODELS Model Total Heat Loss Sensible Heat Gain Latent Heat Gain Total Heat Gain Sq Ft Basement included? Kwik Model 41,214 (22,668) 19,962 5,962 25,924 4,480 Yes Manual J 24,555 19,217 1,900 21,118 2,880 No PHPP 24,850 9,523 3,720 No
- 29. AIR INFILTRATION TEST • BLOWER DOOR TEST • ACH 50 • AIR CHANGES PER HOUR AT 50 PASCALS TEST PRESSURE • OUR GOAL WAS 1.0 ACH50 • CURRENTLY AT 1.1
- 30. IT’S ABOUT THE DETAILS • AVOID THERMAL BRIDGING IN WINDOW FRAMING • AVOID AIR LEAKAGE BY TAPING MATERIAL SEAMS/JOINTS
- 31. INFILTRATION • NO FUEL BURNING APPLIANCES • EXTREME AIRSEALING DETAIL • PLUMBING STACK VENTS • WINDOWS • OUTLETS • HEAT PUMP CLOTHES DRYER • ATTIC HATCH AIR SEALING • STANDARD RANGE HOOD • OUTSIDE EXHAUST • BUILT IN TO MICROWAVE
- 32. MIND THE RADON
- 33. SOLAR POWER • 12 KW ARRAY • NREL SITE PRODUCTION ESTIMATE 14.7 KWH AC • EXISTING “FIXED” 1980 HOME • +GAS SPACE AND WATER HEATING • ANNUAL USAGE 7200 KWH ELECTRIC ONLY • WHY THE EXCESS? • NET METERING • FUTURE ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING • TAKING ADVANTAGE OF • LOCAL SOLAR COOP PRICING • ONE AND DONE PERMITTING • SRECS • POSSIBLE (FUTURE) COMMUNITY SOLAR
- 34. FACTORY PHOTOS
- 35. MY RESEARCH LEADING TO MY PRACTICE
- 38. • Wall Cross section • Wall Board • 2x6 24” OC • Unbacked Fiberglas • Zip Wall taped • Airtight construction • 1.5” Neopor graphite impregnated EPS • Continuous insulation • Solitex Mento WRB • Architectural vinyl siding • R-30
- 41. • Roof flips for transportation • Reuse of excess Zip Wall
- 42. “You do know you have 9 rooflines, Mr. Spohn?” - Kevin , SMI Factory Supervisor
- 43. 4 boxes Largest 64 ft long 14 ft wide Height on trailer 14.5 ft Work happens from all 6 sides
- 46. BENEFITS OF FACTORY BUILT • CONSISTENT WORKFORCE – ASSEMBLY LINE • WORK TO COMES TO THE WORKERS, CONSTANT QA • OVERHEAD CRANES • MATERIALS ARE ALWAYS PROTECTED INSIDE • WWW.BIT.LY/HOUSES-LIKE-CARS • MODULES ARE FAIRLY OPEN, OUT-GASSING HAPPENS BEFORE DELIVERY • WALLS ARE BUILT FROM INSIDE OUT, ALLOWING FOR BETTER AIR SEALING • WORK IS DONE FROM ALL 6 SIDES AT ONCE • OVERBUILT - HOUSE MUST BE FIT FOR A ROAD TRIP (7 ON THE RICHTER SCALE) • 10-20% OF CONSTRUCTION HAPPENS OUTSIDE THE FACTORY
- 47. Wall Cross section • Wall Board • 2x6 16” OC studs • Unbacked Fiberglas • Zip Wall taped with fastener heads puttied with sealant • 1.5” Opcore graphite impregnated EPS • Solitex Mento 1000 WRB • WRB taped • Architectural vinyl siding • Walls: R-28 • Roof: R-45 • Foundation: R-30 • Windows: R-6.6 (U=0.15) • Doors: R-12.5 (U=0.08)
- 48. NEOPORE WORKS BETTER AT LOWER TEMPERATURES WE USED 1.5” R7.0 @ 75F R7.3 @ 40F R7.6 @ 25F
- 49. SMI - STRUCTURAL MODULARS INC. 77 miles from factory to house site The Team that build our house 30 years in business
- 50. FOUNDATION • SPECIALTY PRECAST WALL SYSTEM • FOAM • STEEL • MONOLITHIC POUR OF FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE • 8.5” FOAM, 2.5” EXTERIOR • FACTORY-MADE
- 51. The 4 modules each weighing from 10-15 Tons were set on the foundation on January 20, 2020
- 58. FUNCTIONAL: Single floor living Breezeway to garage on same level Walk out to deck in back on same level
- 59. GOAL: Does it flatter the view? GOAL: Is it pretty/handsome? GOAL: Room for a large garden?
- 61. 2870 Square feet on 2 floors plus 1600 Square Foot Basement Cost per Square foot in middle of range for a custom build
- 62. LARGE SOUTH FACING WINDOWS PRIMARILY IN OPEN SPACE FOR LIGHT AND SOLAR GAIN Uvalue 0.15 (old house0.28) SHGC 0.40 (old house 0.19)
- 63. Roof Style: Modify Cape Cod
- 64. MIELE CLOTHES WASH AND DRYER • LOTS OF TECHY FEATURES ON BOTH • HEAT PUMP CLOTHES DRYER • NO VENTING • 120 V OPERATION • SLIGHTLY LONGER RUN TIMES • MINIMAL ENERGY USE No venting chosen to control the house pressures / air leakage.
- 65. INSPECTIONS • EACH MODULE SEPARATELY INSPECTED BY A PA STATE INSPECTOR IN THE FACTORY • LOCAL CODE OFFICIAL EASILY SIGNED OFF • SEPTIC AND PLUMBING INSPECTIONS WERE A CHALLENGE • APPRAISERS DID NOT “GET IT”
- 66. REGIONAL WORK in PA EcoCraft Homes: Pittsburgh Structural Modular: Strattanville Energy Doctor: Irwin Specialty Precast: Prospect Adams Excavating: Prospect Ventana Windows: Export Envinity Solar, State College Dillan Well Drilling: Darlington CW Electrical Services, Pittsburg Dennis & Sons Plumbing, Pittsbu Pittsburgh Asphalt, Pittsburgh Strisna Cement, McDonald 84 Lumber, Mars more..
- 67. Time Line Consider a future move JAN -14 OCT-19 Factory build Move to “5 Year” House JUL -14 Looking for land JAN -17 Buy land, Contract with PH Architect APR -18 Visit SMI Factory JUN -18 End PH Contract SEP -18 Begin Design w/ EcoCraft NOV -18 Signed Builder Contract AUG -19 NOV-20 Move in House set & on site finishing begins JAN -20 +4 SPEED BUMPS!
- 68. SPEED BUMP#1 • WHAT NO SEWER LINE? • SITING, TESTING, DESIGN, COUNTY HEALTH APPROVAL OF ON-LOT SEPTIC BEFORE EXCAVATION
- 69. SPEED BUMP#2 • COVID-19 • TEMPORARY WORK STOPPAGE BY GOVERNOR’S MANDATE • TEMPORARY HALT TO ON-SITE FINISHING OF CONSTRUCTION • TEMPORARY HALT TO DRILLING FOR WATER • DELAYING DELIVERY OF APPLIANCES AND FURNITURE • LAST 2 APPLIANCES ARRIVED ON DEC 4
- 70. SPEED BUMP#3 • WHERE’S THE WATER? • FIRST DRILLER USED CLASSIC CABLE TOOL METHOD- SLOW • HAD A GOOD WELL IN MAY, THAT FAILED TO PRODUCE IN JULY • DRILLED A 2ND WELL IN AUGUST WHICH FAILED • TRIED TO SEAL 1ST WELL IN AUGUST WHICH FAILED • SECOND DRILLER GOT GOOD WELL IN ONE DAY IN SEPTEMBER! • THIS DELAYED ORDERING A PLUMBING INSPECTION
- 71. SPEED BUMP#4 • COUNTY HEALTH DEPT PLUMBING INSPECTION • DEMANDED DISHWASHER BE INSTALLED – MINOR DELAY • WILL NOT SCHEDULE INSPECTION DUE TO OVERBOOKING • IN THE MIDST OF THIS 2 PLUMBING INSPECTORS ARRESTED ON FELONIES -ACCUSED OF FALSIFYING RECORDS
- 72. Specialty Precast Foundation Also Factory made Approx. R-30
- 73. DID WE ACHIEVE THE GOALS?
- 74. All Electric Home: Ducted Air Source Heat pump Induction cook top Heat Pump water heater Heat pump clothes dryer Solar power Performance governed by comfort <1 ACH50 Energy Model via PHPP & Manual J Solar shading on windows Conditioning ERV Keep track at www.SpohnHome.com
- 75. FUNCTIONAL: SINGLE FLOOR LIVING
- 76. FUNCTIONAL: Room for grandkids and guests
- 78. W H Water H&AC CE RV 2 FUNCTIONAL: Storage space, exercise room, extra office
- 79. • PRELIMINARY ON APRIL 30 • 1153 CFM50 (1.7 ACH50) • FIXES MADE • “READY” ON SEPT 3 • 789 CFM50 (1.2 ACH50) • FIXES MADE • FINAL: TBD BLOWER DOOR TESTS EFFICIENCY & COMFORT
- 80. EFFICIENCY AND COMFORT: HVAC SYSTEM • 2SEPARATELY DUCTED SYSTEMS • H & AC • V • MORE DETAILS HERE: HTTP://BIT.LY/ SPOHNHOME-HVAC
- 81. HEATING • SPACE HEATING ELECTRIC HEAT PUMP • BACK UP ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE • FUNCTIONS AS AC IN SUMMER • HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER • HEAT PUMP CLOTHES DRYER • INDUCTION RANGE
- 82. HAC Supplies Zone 1 Living room (3) Laundry (1) Dining room (2) Kitchen (3) HAC Supplies Zone 2 Master bath (2) Power room (1) Office (2) Entry hall (1) Master bedroom (2) 6x36 central return Z2-2 Z2-2 Z2-1 Z2-2 Z2-1 Z1-3 Z1-3 Z1-2 Z1-1 CERV Supplies Master bedroom (1) Living room (1) Office (1) CERV Returns Master bath (1) Power room (1) Kitchen (1) Laundry (1) CS CS CS CR CR CR CR
- 83. HAC Supplies Zone 2 Bathroom (1) Bedroom 2 (2) HAC Supplies Zone 4 Bedroom 3 (2) Lounge (5) CERV Supplies Bedroom 2 (1) Bedroom 3 (1) CERV Returns Bathroom (1) Attic closet (1) Z2 12x8 central return Z2 Z4 Z4 CS CS CR CR Bedroom2 Bedroom3
- 84. YET THE ZONES WERE CONNECTED DIFFERENTLY! • ZONE 1: 9 OUTLETS • ZONE 2: 11 OUTLETS • ZONE 3: 6? OUTLETS BASEMENT • ZONE 4: 7 OUTLETS • ZONE 1: • ZONE 2: • ZONE 3: • ZONE 4:
- 85. H/AC • 2 Ton Ducted ASHP • 21.5 SEER • 4 Zones • 4” Horizontally mounted MERV 11 • 10 kW Heat strips • 0.8 IWC AirHandler
- 87. CERV2 Comfort & EE • Conditioning ERV • 1/3 Ton heat pump • MERV 13 filters • Both air streams • It’s pretty SMART • Assesses air quality • Recirculation 1st • Fresh air brought in • Off when not needed • Mfd by BuildEquinox
- 88. CERV2 DATA PORTAL / APP • REALTIME CONTROL FROM ANYWHERE • ASSESSMENT OF POLLUTANT EXPOSURE VS. STANDARDS • REALTIME AND HISTORICAL MEASUREMENT DATA
- 89. CERV2 IAQ Data: SpohnHome Home is not yet occupied Lots of painting Green= Ventilating Pink= CO2 level Orange= VOC level
- 90. CERV2 Temp Data: SpohnHome Home is not yet occupied H&AC system most often turned off AirHandler set to 20% duty cycle in October
- 91. CERV2 Humidity Data: SpohnHome Home is not yet occupied H&AC system most often turned off Windows opened
- 92. MEANWHILE OUTSIDE …. H&AC: Dettson Heat Pump Outdoor Unit CERV2 SUPPLY CERV2 EXHAUST
- 93. COMFORT AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY: APPLIANCES • ENERGYSTAR REFRIGERATOR AND DISHWASHER • INDUCTION RANGE • MICROWAVE WITH VENT HOOD COMBINATION • EURO-STYLE WASHER & DRYER • HEAT PUMP WATER HEATER Hole Control
- 94. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE: RAIN WATER HARVESTING • 116 GALLON CAPACITY OF NON-POTABLE WATER FOR OUTDOOR USES
- 95. 10 feet 10 feet 52 feet
- 96. NET METERING ELECTRICITY • ORANGE AREA SOLAR PRODUCTION • BLUE LINE CONSUMPTION
- 97. ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIBLE: SOLAR POWER • TECHNICAL DETAILS • 12 KW: 32 X 375 W TRINA PANELS • 2 SMA SUNNYBOY INVERTERS WITH SECUREPOWER • ECONOMIC BENEFIT • NET METERING • SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS – SRECS • MEDIA COVERAGE • WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNHOME-TRIB • WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNHOME-TRIB1 • WWW.BIT.LY/SPOHNHOME-SOLARTOUR
- 98. Solar Production: SpohnHome 0 20 40 60 80 7/14/24 7/18/24 7/22/24 7/26/24 7/30/24 8/3/24 8/7/24 8/11/24 8/15/24 8/19/24 8/23/24 8/27/24 8/31/24 9/4/24 9/8/24 9/12/24 9/16/24 9/20/24 9/24/24 9/28/24 10/2/24 10/6/24 10/10/24 Net metering (kWh) Consumed Daily data missing Average per day used Inverters not yet reporting production Only 1 inverter reporting
- 99. NET METERING kWh Blower fan power + AC run to dehumidify after testing
- 100. SOLAR RENEWABLE ENERGY CREDITS: SRECS
- 101. OH WHAT IS AN SREC WORTH? PA DC
- 102. ISSUES AFTER MOVE IN
- 103. LEAKY WINDOWS
- 104. HEAT PUMP FAILURE Troubleshooting with coil outlet temperature trending
- 105. HEAT PUMP FAILURE CONCLUSION • DR. BERGMANN CAME OUT FOR A CHECK UP • TRIED TO EVACUATE, SHOWED SIGNS OF LOTS OF MOISTURE • HUNG UP AT 1350 MICRONS • CAUSE • CRACKED FLARE PULLED IN MOISTURE DURING HP MODE, NOT AC MODE • DESTROYED THE POE • “YOUR NEW CAR GOT TOTALED DRIVING IT OFF THE LOT.” • TOTAL REPLACEMENT OF REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT (2 COILS AND LINE SET)
- 106. SOLAR PANELS
- 107. ALL CONFOUNDING THE ROAD TO NET ZERO
- 108. STILL LOVING IT!
- 109. Watch TTT social media for an upcoming webinar on The HELIUM Network