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The Art of
    Raising Capital
for Technology Startup Leaders

         Bruce Schechter
           Oct 7, 2012
Here's to the crazy ones, the
      misfits, the rebels, the
troublemakers, the round pegs in
 the square holes. The ones who
see things differently. They're not
 fond of rules. And they have no
   respect for the status quo....
   While some see them as the
    crazy ones, we see genius.
   Because the people who are
  crazy enough to think they can
         change the world,
      are the one's who do.
            - Steve Jobs
Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
Your Mileage May Vary
In Order to change the world,
you have to first get your head together
In Order to change the world,
you have to first get your head together
            - Jimi Hendrix
Funding Rounds
“Friends & Family”

           Angels

    VC - Series A

    VC - Series B

                     0   2        4   6   8
                             $M
Early Funding Sources
•   “Bootstrapping”
•   “Friends and Family”
•   Corporate, “Strategic”... (Intel Capital..)
•   Government Grants, Research Grants...
•   Debt Financing... i.e., a loan
•   Angels
•   VC
•   Or....
Incubators
          (...we are so lucky to be here in SV!)

•   Plug & Play Tech Center(s)
•   Y Combinator
•   i/o Ventures, DogPatch, RocketSpace...
•   Silicon Valley Bank Accelerator
•   Founders Institute
•   Cleantech Open
•   Stanford StartX
•   US Market Access Center (International)
Fundraising Tools


Elevator
  Pitch
Fundraising Tools


Elevator   Executive
  Pitch    Summary
Fundraising Tools


Elevator   Executive   PPT
  Pitch    Summary     Deck
Fundraising Tools


                               Detailed
Elevator   Executive   PPT
                               Financials
  Pitch    Summary     Deck
                                 & DD
First, a few words about....

The Art of Fundraising
Awesome Product!
  Amazing Tech!
Will I Achieve a Vast Return?
                         Is She Capable of
Awesome Product!       Growing a Business?
  Amazing Tech!
“The Curse of Knowledge”
“I saw the angel in the marble
and carved until I set him free”
        - Michelangelo
The Art of the Elevator Pitch


                              Detailed
Elevator   Executive   PPT
                              Financials
  Pitch    Summary     Deck
                                & DD
Example Elevator Pitch
  From: Bruce Schechter (bruce@schechter.com)
  Date: Mon, 8 Nov 2012 8:23am
  To: Ted Fellows (ted@prodigiousVC.com)
  Subject: Intriguing Company in Life Sciences
Hi Ted,
Hope you are doing well, and that the golf game is looking good.
Please allow me to introduce to you a company called FlextroTech
Sciences, which is currently starting human trials on a new
device which promises to cut the cost of knee replacement
surgery by 60% and increase resulting ambulatory responsiveness
by 30%. They have several medical supply distribution partners
already prepared to ink deals, upon completion of trials. Their
CEO previously ran sales at Medtronic and their CTO is a U Penn
trained MD.
Might I follow up with an Executive Summary, or better yet give
you a verbal update by phone?
Cheers, Bruce
Bruce Schechter, (m)408.219.0342, www.schechter.com
The Art of the Executive Summary


                              Detailed
Elevator   Executive   PPT
                              Financials
  Pitch    Summary     Deck
                                & DD
1. TLDR
“Too Long; Didn’t Read”
Any over-wordy thread that people
don't read, but reply to anyway.
I would have written a shorter letter,
     but I didn’t have the time.
            - Blaise Pascal
Executive Summary
    = One Page
Executive Summary
              = One Page

• Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later”
Executive Summary
              = One Page

• Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later”
• “People don’t buy what they don’t understand”
Executive Summary
              = One Page

• Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later”
• “People don’t buy what they don’t understand”
• “Investors don’t fund products,
  they fund businesses”
Executive Summary
              = One Page

• Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later”
• “People don’t buy what they don’t understand”
• “Investors don’t fund products,
  they fund businesses”
• Maximize repeatability
Bruce’s Hot Button

        Do not...

  Tell me all that’s good
  about your company

      before you....

  Fundamentally explain
      what you do
     = “foundation”
Executive Summary

• Problem Statement
• Solution
• Market Opportunity
• Competition
• Business Model
• Go to Market Strategy
• Progress to Date, Milestones
• Revenue
• Team
Problem/Solution Overview
Problem/Solution Overview

• Clarity of Pain: credibility
Problem/Solution Overview

• Clarity of Pain: credibility
 • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to
    have”, in the eyes of customers
Problem/Solution Overview

• Clarity of Pain: credibility
 • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to
    have”, in the eyes of customers
 • Site tangible evidence
Problem/Solution Overview

• Clarity of Pain: credibility
 • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to
    have”, in the eyes of customers
  • Site tangible evidence
• Tie Solution back to Pain
Problem/Solution Overview

• Clarity of Pain: credibility
 • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to
    have”, in the eyes of customers
 • Site tangible evidence
• Tie Solution back to Pain
• Goal: memorable and repeatable !!
  Can the reader repeat to colleagues?
Market Opportunity
Market Opportunity

• Total Market and Available Market
Market Opportunity

• Total Market and Available Market
• Ideal: Reference third-party data
Market Opportunity

• Total Market and Available Market
• Ideal: Reference third-party data
• Proof points or analogous products
Market Opportunity

• Total Market and Available Market
• Ideal: Reference third-party data
• Proof points or analogous products
• Aim for a repeatable narrative
Market Opportunity

• Total Market and Available Market
• Ideal: Reference third-party data
• Proof points or analogous products
• Aim for a repeatable narrative
• Nice to have: Narrative “equation”
  (if we sell X to Y at $Z we’ll achieve $N)
Competition
Competition


• Be honest and open
Competition


• Be honest and open
• Worst possible wording: “We don't really
  have competition”
Competition


• Be honest and open
• Worst possible wording: “We don't really
  have competition”
• Focus more on your advantage than on
  competitor strengths !
Business Model
Business Model


• Be clear who buys what from whom, for
  what price, how often, etc
Business Model


• Be clear who buys what from whom, for
  what price, how often, etc
• Define the unit economics, individual
  transaction cost
Business Model


• Be clear who buys what from whom, for
  what price, how often, etc
• Define the unit economics, individual
  transaction cost
• If there are other players/partners, be sure
  to be clear where you fit into the picture
“Go To Market” Strategy
“Go To Market” Strategy




“The Bi g
  D og!”
“Go To Market” Strategy

            • Customer Acquisition: Direct
              Sales? Channels? Word of
              Mouth?....



“The Bi g
  D og!”
“Go To Market” Strategy

            • Customer Acquisition: Direct
              Sales? Channels? Word of
              Mouth?....
            • Key Marketing Tactics: PR?   SEO/
              SEM? Advertising? Social
“The Bi g     Networking?....
  D og!”
“Go To Market” Strategy

            • Customer Acquisition: Direct
              Sales? Channels? Word of
              Mouth?....
            • Key Marketing Tactics: PR?   SEO/
              SEM? Advertising? Social
“The Bi g     Networking?....
    og!”
  D
            • Put strong focus on near-term,
              ~6-12 months, granular steps
Progress, Milestones
Progress, Milestones

• Brag about accomplishments up to now
Progress, Milestones

• Brag about accomplishments up to now
• Be clear that you know your next steps,
  particularly in next 6-12 months
Progress, Milestones

• Brag about accomplishments up to now
• Be clear that you know your next steps,
  particularly in next 6-12 months
• Overwhelmingly, focus on customer-
  oriented milestones more-so than product
Progress, Milestones

• Brag about accomplishments up to now
• Be clear that you know your next steps,
  particularly in next 6-12 months
• Overwhelmingly, focus on customer-
  oriented milestones more-so than product
• Traction is the watchword
Team
Team


• Give everyone a title
Team


• Give everyone a title
• Evidence of “done it before”
Team


• Give everyone a title
• Evidence of “done it before”
• List advisors with credibility or “brand”
Team


• Give everyone a title
• Evidence of “done it before”
• List advisors with credibility or “brand”
• The game is credibility...
  save details for later
Executive Summary -
 What NOT to do...
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
• Domain-specific language
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
• Domain-specific language
• Unstated assumptions
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
• Domain-specific language
• Unstated assumptions
• Tiny fonts
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
• Domain-specific language
• Unstated assumptions
• Tiny fonts
• “Year 1,Year 2,....”
Executive Summary -
        What NOT to do...
• Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc...
  “Just the facts, ma’am”
• Domain-specific language
• Unstated assumptions
• Tiny fonts
• “Year 1,Year 2,....”
• “We hope...”, “We aim to...”
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
    Refine, Test, Refine....
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
• Your mother. ☺
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
• Your mother. ☺
• Friends
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
• Your mother. ☺
• Friends
• Advisors
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
• Your mother. ☺
• Friends
• Advisors
• Investors (who are not so important)
Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test,
     Refine, Test, Refine....
• Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
• Your mother. ☺
• Friends
• Advisors
• Investors (who are not so important)
• Investors (“FTW”)
The Art of the Pitch


                                  Detailed
Elevator     Executive   PPT
                                  Financials
  Pitch      Summary     Deck
                                    & DD
The Pitch Deck
Follows Exec Summary Outline
The Pitch Deck
Follows Exec Summary Outline
The Pitch Deck
Follows Exec Summary Outline
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. 
           - Leonardo da Vinci
Guy Kawasaki
The 10-20-30 Rule
Guy Kawasaki
        The 10-20-30 Rule
• 10 Slides
Guy Kawasaki
        The 10-20-30 Rule
• 10 Slides
• 20 Minutes
Guy Kawasaki
       The 10-20-30 Rule
• 10 Slides
• 20 Minutes
• No Font < 30pts   ( This is 42pt, BTW )
Guy Kawasaki
       The 10-20-30 Rule
• 10 Slides
• 20 Minutes
• No Font < 30pts   ( This is 42pt, BTW )
In Review...
In Review...

• Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune
In Review...

• Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune
• Investors fund companies, not products
In Review...

• Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune
• Investors fund companies, not products
• They don’t fund what they don’t understand
In Review...

• Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune
• Investors fund companies, not products
• They don’t fund what they don’t understand
• Watch Steve Jobs videos
Bruce Schechter
The Schechter Company, LLC

    www.schechter.com
The Art of  Raising Capital for Technology Startup Leaders

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The Art of Raising Capital for Technology Startup Leaders

  • 1. The Art of Raising Capital for Technology Startup Leaders Bruce Schechter Oct 7, 2012
  • 2. Here's to the crazy ones, the misfits, the rebels, the troublemakers, the round pegs in the square holes. The ones who see things differently. They're not fond of rules. And they have no respect for the status quo.... While some see them as the crazy ones, we see genius. Because the people who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the one's who do. - Steve Jobs
  • 3. Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
  • 4. Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
  • 5. Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
  • 6. Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
  • 7. Enough about You, Let’s talk about Me
  • 9. In Order to change the world, you have to first get your head together
  • 10. In Order to change the world, you have to first get your head together - Jimi Hendrix
  • 11. Funding Rounds “Friends & Family” Angels VC - Series A VC - Series B 0 2 4 6 8 $M
  • 12. Early Funding Sources • “Bootstrapping” • “Friends and Family” • Corporate, “Strategic”... (Intel Capital..) • Government Grants, Research Grants... • Debt Financing... i.e., a loan • Angels • VC • Or....
  • 13. Incubators (...we are so lucky to be here in SV!) • Plug & Play Tech Center(s) • Y Combinator • i/o Ventures, DogPatch, RocketSpace... • Silicon Valley Bank Accelerator • Founders Institute • Cleantech Open • Stanford StartX • US Market Access Center (International)
  • 15. Fundraising Tools Elevator Executive Pitch Summary
  • 16. Fundraising Tools Elevator Executive PPT Pitch Summary Deck
  • 17. Fundraising Tools Detailed Elevator Executive PPT Financials Pitch Summary Deck & DD
  • 18. First, a few words about.... The Art of Fundraising
  • 19.
  • 20. Awesome Product! Amazing Tech!
  • 21. Will I Achieve a Vast Return? Is She Capable of Awesome Product! Growing a Business? Amazing Tech!
  • 22.
  • 23. “The Curse of Knowledge”
  • 24.
  • 25. “I saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free” - Michelangelo
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. The Art of the Elevator Pitch Detailed Elevator Executive PPT Financials Pitch Summary Deck & DD
  • 29. Example Elevator Pitch From: Bruce Schechter (bruce@schechter.com) Date: Mon, 8 Nov 2012 8:23am To: Ted Fellows (ted@prodigiousVC.com) Subject: Intriguing Company in Life Sciences Hi Ted, Hope you are doing well, and that the golf game is looking good. Please allow me to introduce to you a company called FlextroTech Sciences, which is currently starting human trials on a new device which promises to cut the cost of knee replacement surgery by 60% and increase resulting ambulatory responsiveness by 30%. They have several medical supply distribution partners already prepared to ink deals, upon completion of trials. Their CEO previously ran sales at Medtronic and their CTO is a U Penn trained MD. Might I follow up with an Executive Summary, or better yet give you a verbal update by phone? Cheers, Bruce Bruce Schechter, (m)408.219.0342, www.schechter.com
  • 30. The Art of the Executive Summary Detailed Elevator Executive PPT Financials Pitch Summary Deck & DD
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33. 1. TLDR “Too Long; Didn’t Read” Any over-wordy thread that people don't read, but reply to anyway.
  • 34. I would have written a shorter letter, but I didn’t have the time. - Blaise Pascal
  • 35. Executive Summary = One Page
  • 36. Executive Summary = One Page • Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later”
  • 37. Executive Summary = One Page • Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later” • “People don’t buy what they don’t understand”
  • 38. Executive Summary = One Page • Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later” • “People don’t buy what they don’t understand” • “Investors don’t fund products, they fund businesses”
  • 39. Executive Summary = One Page • Longer than one page ➛ “I’ll read this later” • “People don’t buy what they don’t understand” • “Investors don’t fund products, they fund businesses” • Maximize repeatability
  • 40. Bruce’s Hot Button Do not... Tell me all that’s good about your company before you.... Fundamentally explain what you do = “foundation”
  • 41. Executive Summary • Problem Statement • Solution • Market Opportunity • Competition • Business Model • Go to Market Strategy • Progress to Date, Milestones • Revenue • Team
  • 44. Problem/Solution Overview • Clarity of Pain: credibility • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to have”, in the eyes of customers
  • 45. Problem/Solution Overview • Clarity of Pain: credibility • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to have”, in the eyes of customers • Site tangible evidence
  • 46. Problem/Solution Overview • Clarity of Pain: credibility • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to have”, in the eyes of customers • Site tangible evidence • Tie Solution back to Pain
  • 47. Problem/Solution Overview • Clarity of Pain: credibility • Investors seek “must-have” not “like to have”, in the eyes of customers • Site tangible evidence • Tie Solution back to Pain • Goal: memorable and repeatable !! Can the reader repeat to colleagues?
  • 49. Market Opportunity • Total Market and Available Market
  • 50. Market Opportunity • Total Market and Available Market • Ideal: Reference third-party data
  • 51. Market Opportunity • Total Market and Available Market • Ideal: Reference third-party data • Proof points or analogous products
  • 52. Market Opportunity • Total Market and Available Market • Ideal: Reference third-party data • Proof points or analogous products • Aim for a repeatable narrative
  • 53. Market Opportunity • Total Market and Available Market • Ideal: Reference third-party data • Proof points or analogous products • Aim for a repeatable narrative • Nice to have: Narrative “equation” (if we sell X to Y at $Z we’ll achieve $N)
  • 56. Competition • Be honest and open • Worst possible wording: “We don't really have competition”
  • 57. Competition • Be honest and open • Worst possible wording: “We don't really have competition” • Focus more on your advantage than on competitor strengths !
  • 59. Business Model • Be clear who buys what from whom, for what price, how often, etc
  • 60. Business Model • Be clear who buys what from whom, for what price, how often, etc • Define the unit economics, individual transaction cost
  • 61. Business Model • Be clear who buys what from whom, for what price, how often, etc • Define the unit economics, individual transaction cost • If there are other players/partners, be sure to be clear where you fit into the picture
  • 62. “Go To Market” Strategy
  • 63. “Go To Market” Strategy “The Bi g D og!”
  • 64. “Go To Market” Strategy • Customer Acquisition: Direct Sales? Channels? Word of Mouth?.... “The Bi g D og!”
  • 65. “Go To Market” Strategy • Customer Acquisition: Direct Sales? Channels? Word of Mouth?.... • Key Marketing Tactics: PR? SEO/ SEM? Advertising? Social “The Bi g Networking?.... D og!”
  • 66. “Go To Market” Strategy • Customer Acquisition: Direct Sales? Channels? Word of Mouth?.... • Key Marketing Tactics: PR? SEO/ SEM? Advertising? Social “The Bi g Networking?.... og!” D • Put strong focus on near-term, ~6-12 months, granular steps
  • 68. Progress, Milestones • Brag about accomplishments up to now
  • 69. Progress, Milestones • Brag about accomplishments up to now • Be clear that you know your next steps, particularly in next 6-12 months
  • 70. Progress, Milestones • Brag about accomplishments up to now • Be clear that you know your next steps, particularly in next 6-12 months • Overwhelmingly, focus on customer- oriented milestones more-so than product
  • 71. Progress, Milestones • Brag about accomplishments up to now • Be clear that you know your next steps, particularly in next 6-12 months • Overwhelmingly, focus on customer- oriented milestones more-so than product • Traction is the watchword
  • 72. Team
  • 74. Team • Give everyone a title • Evidence of “done it before”
  • 75. Team • Give everyone a title • Evidence of “done it before” • List advisors with credibility or “brand”
  • 76. Team • Give everyone a title • Evidence of “done it before” • List advisors with credibility or “brand” • The game is credibility... save details for later
  • 77. Executive Summary - What NOT to do...
  • 78. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am”
  • 79. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am” • Domain-specific language
  • 80. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am” • Domain-specific language • Unstated assumptions
  • 81. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am” • Domain-specific language • Unstated assumptions • Tiny fonts
  • 82. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am” • Domain-specific language • Unstated assumptions • Tiny fonts • “Year 1,Year 2,....”
  • 83. Executive Summary - What NOT to do... • Cosmetic graphics, drop shadows, etc... “Just the facts, ma’am” • Domain-specific language • Unstated assumptions • Tiny fonts • “Year 1,Year 2,....” • “We hope...”, “We aim to...”
  • 84. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine....
  • 85. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat)
  • 86. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat) • Your mother. ☺
  • 87. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat) • Your mother. ☺ • Friends
  • 88. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat) • Your mother. ☺ • Friends • Advisors
  • 89. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat) • Your mother. ☺ • Friends • Advisors • Investors (who are not so important)
  • 90. Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine, Test, Refine.... • Your team (who needs to be able to repeat) • Your mother. ☺ • Friends • Advisors • Investors (who are not so important) • Investors (“FTW”)
  • 91. The Art of the Pitch Detailed Elevator Executive PPT Financials Pitch Summary Deck & DD
  • 92. The Pitch Deck Follows Exec Summary Outline
  • 93. The Pitch Deck Follows Exec Summary Outline
  • 94. The Pitch Deck Follows Exec Summary Outline
  • 95. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.  - Leonardo da Vinci
  • 97. Guy Kawasaki The 10-20-30 Rule • 10 Slides
  • 98. Guy Kawasaki The 10-20-30 Rule • 10 Slides • 20 Minutes
  • 99. Guy Kawasaki The 10-20-30 Rule • 10 Slides • 20 Minutes • No Font < 30pts ( This is 42pt, BTW )
  • 100. Guy Kawasaki The 10-20-30 Rule • 10 Slides • 20 Minutes • No Font < 30pts ( This is 42pt, BTW )
  • 101.
  • 102.
  • 104. In Review... • Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune
  • 105. In Review... • Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune • Investors fund companies, not products
  • 106. In Review... • Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune • Investors fund companies, not products • They don’t fund what they don’t understand
  • 107. In Review... • Tell ‘em how they’ll make a fortune • Investors fund companies, not products • They don’t fund what they don’t understand • Watch Steve Jobs videos
  • 108. Bruce Schechter The Schechter Company, LLC www.schechter.com

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  11. How many of you have ideas for a new venture?\nHow many are executing on the idea?\nHow many are full time on the new venture?\nWorking day job while executing in off hours?\nStarted raising money already? - already met investors?\n
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  13. Do you need outside funding\n
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  22. Any guess what the investors are thinking?\n
  23. Any guess what the investors are thinking?\n
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  26. How many of you are engineers as a primary role in whatever venture?\n\n\n\n
  27. How many of you are engineers as a primary role in whatever venture?\n\n\n\n
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  85. Please, please... go Google it.\nYou wont remember what I said here, but you&amp;#x2019;ll have this permanent reference...\n
  86. Please, please... go Google it.\nYou wont remember what I said here, but you&amp;#x2019;ll have this permanent reference...\n
  87. Please, please... go Google it.\nYou wont remember what I said here, but you&amp;#x2019;ll have this permanent reference...\n
  88. Please, please... go Google it.\nYou wont remember what I said here, but you&amp;#x2019;ll have this permanent reference...\n
  89. You are accustomed to internal, corporate, operational presentations.\nEveryone knows the background and lingo.\nAn investor presentation is NOT that.\nI&amp;#x2019;ve literally had VCs advise founders: &amp;#x201C;make it so my mother will understand it&amp;#x201D;\n
  90. Take time to watch a couple of Steve&amp;#x2019;s product/keynotes!\n
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