This chapter covers the faith of Abraham and Adam's sin and Christ's redemption for us.

19. What Paul is talking about is neither an inherent nor a
given attribute of believers but rather an action of
God which set them right, so that they have a new or
renewed relationship with God as a result of the work
of Christ. If God were simply to impute to believers
his righteousness, then there would be no basis to
require righteousness of them after their conversion.
Read Romans 5:1-11

20. Paul probably also has in mind the Jewish concept
of shalom, which comprehensively represents the
blessings of salvation, which brings wholeness as
well as holiness (see Isa. 48:18; cf. 2 Thess. 3:16).
One may say that being set back in right
relationship with God necessarily entails being at
peace with God and being reconciled with God

21. Paul’s focus is not on Adam and death and
sin. His focus is on Christ. “Just as Adam
did these things,” Paul argues, “so also
please understand”—Paul says—“that
Christ has done these things and that you
are in Christ with all the benefits He’s won
for you.
Read Romans 5:12-21

22. The sinful state and condition in which men are born is designated in
theology by the name peccatum originale, which is literally translated in the
English “original sin.”
This sin is called “original sin,”
(1)because it is derived from the original root of the human race;
(2)because it is present in the life of every individual from the time of his
birth, and therefore cannot be regarded as the result of imitation; and
(3)because it is the inward root of all the actual sins that defile the life of man.
We should guard against the mistake of thinking that the term in any way
implies that the sin designated by it belongs to the original constitution of
human nature, which would imply that God created man as a sinner
Original Sin