PEGASUS Project Overview and Case Studies

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 633814www.pegasus.ieep.eu
@PEGASUS_eu This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
@PEGASUS_eu
PEGASUS
‘Public Ecosystem Goods and Services from land
management: unlocking the synergies’
An Introduction
23/5/2017
National workshop, BCU Birmingham

research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 633814
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PEGASUS – an overview
• Overarching objective: to assess and stimulate more
effective provision of public goods and ecosystem services
from EU farmland and forests
– The project is designed to explore key questions about how best to
improve the social and ecological resilience of farming and forestry
systems in the EU through enhancing the sustained provision of
environmental and social benefits.
• Key elements:
– Multidisciplinary
– Participatory
– Action research – 34 case studies in ten European countries

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PEGASUS – partners and country coverage

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Case studies + mapping
Emerging
Findings…

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To find out more….
@PEGASUS_eu
http://pegasus.ieep.eu
https://www.linkedin.com
/in/pegasuseu
pegasus@ieep.eu

@PEGASUS_eu
Pegasus Case study UK:
Hope Farm, Cambridgeshire
Janet Dwyer and Rob Field
23/5/2017

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Context: the Social-Ecological System
• An NGO-owned arable farm, seeking to test and showcase good
practice for commercial farming that delivers biodiversity and
birds
• Located within a wider, dynamic landscape dotted with informal
networks and innovators working with complementary goals –
water quality, arable innovations for resilience, adding value,
public education and outreach
• The farm’s national pitch to policy achieved limited impact, it is
now seeking a new approach to enhance reach
• Local farmers disenchanted with RSPB presence, actions,
communications around Hope Farm – seen as an imposition

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Actors and drivers
• Key actors: RSPB staff, neighbouring farmers and advisers,
supply chain links, contractors, RSPB HQ strategy teams, RSPB
membership
• Many common aims but few linkages, issues of low trust and
respect between key parties – lack of communication
• Key drivers:
– Commercial - challenges to sustain profitable arable production- resistant
weeds, extreme weather, price and policy instability
– NGO – desire to innovate and spread knowledge / appreciation of
benefits
– Wider policy climate to encourage innovation for more sustainable
agriculture, poor uptake of new Agri-Environment Scheme
– Some growing interest in ‘green’ marketing/labelling, e.g. via
Conservation Grade ‘wildlife-friendly farming’

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Findings and recommendations
• Scope to build a local network of farmers, advisers and agencies
centred on Hope Farm, acting as a test-bed/ experimental site
supporting a farmer learning community, encouraging neighbours
to come together, promoting to the public (via RSPB members)
• Need to overcome barriers to collective action:
• RSPB to enable its staff to work more with other farmers, to share
information and ideas, to invite dialogue and interactive planning
• More communication and outreach with neighbouring environmental
innovators: NT Wimpole, NIAB-TAG, Conservation Grade, leading farmers
• More devolution of decision-making within RSPB’s management of the
farm, to enable more shared ownership of the agenda, locally
• Image matters! Join up goals, words, actions, events, and PR

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Allen Valleys Landscape Partnership
Scheme, Northumberland
Peter Gaskell, Nick Lewis & Rebecca Barrett
23/5/2017

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• Upland landscape in north-east England designated for
biodiversity and landscape quality.
• Existing High Natural Value farming system is under threat.
• AVLPS aims to conserve and restore important heritage assets, to
make them accessible for learning, training and recreation, and
develop capacity within the community to conserve and use
these heritage assets for a more sustainable future.
• The AVLPS is funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) and
delivered by the NPAONB Partnership.
• The Partnership focuses on:
– Capacity building in the local community.
– The social capital delivered by, and required from, farmers and other
landowners in the area and its links to natural and cultural capital.

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Actors and drivers
• Key actors: Farmers, estate landowners, game keepers, AONB
officers, agencies (HLF/NE/EA/CA/WA/landfill tax), local
community activists, LA service providers, livestock markets,
tourism outlets, tourists.
• Key drivers:
– Threat to HNV farming: Economically marginal, low returns from
agricultural enterprises, high dependence CAP Pillar I and II support,
limited opportunities for diversification and an aging farm population.
– Broader socio-economic drivers threatening the sustainability of the
upland communities on which HNV farming depend including pressure
on social services, housing, employment and transport.
– Government support for the AONB has been declining due to ‘austerity’.

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• Action to enhance the provision of ESBOs should encompass both
land managers and the broader communities on which they
depend.
• AVLPS enhances the social and economic resilience of local
communities as well as working with farmers and land managers.
• The NPAONB Partnership has considerable expertise in delivering
positive environmental outcomes from its partnership approach
and facilitation skills.
• A lack of regulatory power has encouraged the Partnership to
think in creative ways to achieve its aims.

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Care Farming
Dan Keech and Ian Egginton-Metters
23/5/2017

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• 200+ care farms, most are members of national support network
Care Farming UK.
• CFs offer therapeutic support to people with physical, mental or
social challenges.
• In PEGASUS, CFs studied as a sub-set of agriculture that focuses
on providing health and well-being.
• The main resource is land, but care farms can be in rural or
urban areas; associated with livestock, horticulture or both.
• Recent financial challenges include:
 public sector austerity: limits local authorities’ ability to use CFs
 reduction of educational subsidy within agri payments.

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Actors and drivers
• Key actors: Care Farming UK, Natural England, local municipal
and health authorities, staff and users of care farms.
• Research indicates CFs highly effective in generating behaviour
change, well-being and skills among a wide range of users:
children, ex-offenders, drug re-hab, elders etc.
• Key drivers:
– Developmental – emerging sector with new professional body
– Operational – spare capacity but many CFs struggle to remain viable
– Public policy – main policy drivers not agri-env subsidy but NHS/social
care and education reforms, public budgets
– Benefits – social benefits clear, environmental benefits less so
– Primary focus may not be commercial food production.

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• Efficacy is well-evidenced and expansion of CF use is to be
encouraged, especially through CFUK membership.
• Care farmers see themselves embedded in agriculture – yet
best opportunities for expanding care farming seem may
come via public health and social policies.
• Support is needed to help care farmers identify with such
social arenas as well as (or instead of?) agri-env arenas.
• Care farming food tells an amazing story – is this food being
optimally marketed (ie. added value)?

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Water & Integrated Local Delivery, Upper Thames
Chris Short and Jenny Phelps
23/5/2017

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• NGO led ‘agency funded’ project to develop inclusive partnership
– farmers, local communities, NGOs & private companies
• WILD meets range of policy priorities with WFD focus,
– to improve the water and land environment through facilitation
• 3 year project 2013-2016 over 26,000 ha, source of the Thames
• Failing for WFD and priority area for action, good local network
• Local facilitation to integrated projects & initiatives
• Linking Agri-environment and local community infrastructure
– Policy & funding opportunities to combine strategic objectives
– Connections aiding communication to resolve (local) issues.
• Recognition of failings in current infrastructure c.f. growth

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Actors and drivers
• Key actors: FWAG (link to farmers); Glos RCC (link to
communities); Cotswold WPT (link to biodiversity); Environment
Agency, Thames Water; farmers and local communities
• Evidence of cross-sectoring thinking and concerns
• Greater understanding of the system rather than issues.
• Key drivers:
– Commercial - profitable agricultural sector, cleaning drinking water
– Community - reduce impact of localised flooding and poor infrastructure
– NGO - benefits of integrated & shared problem solving approach
– Wider policy climate to encourage innovation for local ‘win-win’
– Some growing interest in ‘green’ marketing/labelling
– Public - private partnership towards collective action

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• Evidence of benefits & challenges of integrated project
• Increased ‘conversation’ valued, evidence of reduced overlap
• Showing impact of project and direction of change on the ground
• Facilitation valued locally but scepticism nationally (VFM?)
• Need to overcome barriers within policy :
• Recognising the value of joining up strategic objectives at local level
• The bluntness of policy on environmental issues, need innovation
• Need place-based integrated approach – neighbourhood plans?
• More effort on determining the whole value of projects like WILD
• Maintaining coordination on integrated environmental challenges
• Incorporating private interests in shared problem solving
• Engagement, communication, knowledge, consistency & trust

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Transferability
• Potential pathways towards an enhanced provision of ESBOs
• Locally focused facilitation to meet strategic objectives (ILD)
• Coordinated action to resolve integrated environmental challenges
• Behaviour change as a result of knowledge exchange and advice
• Shared partnership across government programmes
• Integrated activity and reporting across public and private partners
www.ccri.ac.uk/ild

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Other Pegasus case studies in the EU:
Linking to Emerging Themes
Chris Short and Dan Keech
23/5/2017

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1. Synergy across a territory or supply chain
• Case studies that show this characteristic include:
Tomato
processing,
Northern Italy
• Large geographical and participant scale, 4 regions,
2,000 producers, 50% IT output
• Inter-branch organisations promote standard practice
for water and pesticide management
• Policy integration (EU, IT and region), enterprises help
frame environmental issues as an industrial challenge.
Farmer-Beer-
Water, Brabant, NL
• Barley farmers and brewers both require quantity &
quality water for the success of their enterprises
• F-B-W attracts AE funds farmer sustainability projects,
e.g. recycle brewery water for irrigation
• Organisational structure is transparent & transferable
to non-arable farmer networks/food chains.

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2. Collective action = better LM engagement
Case studies include:
Bottom-up
landscape
management,
Drenthe, NL
• Delegated local decision-making on LM, 3rd party (local
charity) provides technical support & tools
• Tradition of managing commons, costs shared by
province and parish, clearing ditches is routine action
• Non-agri action includes development of cycle/hiking
trails, archeaological and nature conservation
Urban forests,
Slovenia
• 1870ha of largely private forest in 2 cities, key ESBOs is
public health.
• Forestry Service link to schools, councils & media, EC
investment in productive, accessible forestry
• Open access creates tension between owners and
public – municipalities are key mediators here.

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3. ESBOs emerge from strong public-private synergies
Case studies include:
Pinzgau Forestry
Management, Austria
• 50% of area forestry, ownership state/private,
avalanche/mud slide protection, tourism, wildlife.
• Complex governance balances stakeholder
interests, forest law, AE.
• Social life depends on forests, global timber prices
not only driver.
Wet meadows, Czech
Republic
• Traditional land use, drained under communism,
now national park. 1/3 bird NGO, 2/3 small famers.
• Many land use demands – water from hydro plant,
hunting, archaeology tourism.
• NGO aims to co-ordinate collective action but
uneasy consensus due to complexity. CAP-
dependency

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4. Institutional settings need to foster trust
• Case studies include:
Peri-urban
production,
Montemor-e-
Novo, Portugal
• V.small (1-5ha), no connection to AE policies or global
food markets; social vibrancy, self-provisioning.
• Diversity of growers (old, young, incomers, hobbyists)
sharing commitment to maintaining associated ESBOs.
• Networks of co-operation help foster
entrepreneurialism, co-operation and new SFSCs.
Regionalwert
Freiburg, Germany
• Citizen shareholder company lends capital to farmers
to promote organic conversion/marketing.
• Producers (2!) conform to 64 sustainability indicators.
• Key objectives: farm succession + high demand for
citizen engagement sustainable land use via ethical
investment.

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5. Public appreciation leads to ESBO demand
• Case studies include
Niche products
and Tourism,
Tuscany, Italy
• Aim to promote rural identity through multifunctional
agriculture and traditional products via tourism.
• Tourism vital due to distinct interests of small
producers and retail chains.
• Active social networks, many part-time farmers. But
problems remain – succession and scrubbing up.
Volvic water
management,
France
• Danone involves local farmers in water catchment
strategy which is relevant to farmer practice.
• Most pressure on water quality comes from sanitation
for regional urban populations.
• Danone central actor in local environmental
protection committee, contribute through local taxes.

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6. Qualitative data is valuable
• In many cases there is a lack of robust and accessible data on the
linkages between agricultural and forestry management systems
and the related environmental and social outcomes they deliver.
Meadow orchards in
southern Germany
• Meadow orchards are of enormous ecological importance
and hold a special cultural role for many Germans.
• Supplier premium schemes linked to management
support has reduced dramatic orchard losses.
• Most participants are not farmers, thus outside AE
Nature conservation
and social security,
Središče ob Dravi,
Slovenia.
• Marginal small-scale mixed agriculture and poor industrial
sector diversity; protected area (N2000/NP)
• Pristine environment is a key to inward investment.
• Local mayors, farmers, LAGs, national park etc.
collaborate: A-E payments, extension services, education,
gradual development of tourism.

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Pegasus project – where we are, next steps
and opportunities for further involvement
PEGASUS UK national workshop,
23 May 2017
BCU Millennium Point, Birmingham
Janet Dwyer

@PEGASUS_eu
Pegasus – where we are in the project
• 3-year study – we are early in year 3
• Year 1 reviewed literature and past research
– established an action-oriented, ‘social-ecological’ systems
framework
– involving a community of stakeholders in each country
• Year 2 undertook case studies
– 34 initial, rapid case studies in 10 countries; then
– selected 1-2 per country for further in-depth analysis: WILD, in UK
• Year 3 is comparative analysis, developing lessons for policy and
practice
– Guidance and support for practitioners across the EU
– Recommendations for future policy: both CAP, and Post-Brexit UK
policies
• THIS MEETING IS PART OF THAT PROCESS…… FINISH IN

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First findings from comparative analysis of 34
cases
• The provision of economic, social and environmental benefits is more effective
when designed synergistically across a territory or supply chain
• Collective initiatives promote greater engagement by land managers with the
environmental/social goods and services delivered
• Interplay between public and private actors; policies, voluntary and market
drivers is critical, and should be strengthened
• Supportive institutional settings are key, to foster trust and action among local
stakeholders
• Increasing public appreciation and demand for environmental and social
benefits from agriculture and forestry can and will increase provision
• A paucity of robust indicators to demonstrate outcomes means mixed-
methods evaluation is essential, using qualitative and quantitative approaches

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Year 3 - Opportunities to be involved: events
• Brussels workshop, 22 June – testing out our early findings with the
Commission and key national representatives
• Multi-actor sessions at 3 international conferences – IASC July, EAAE
August, IALE September
• National-level work on practical guidance and policy recommendations,
Sept-Nov
• Pegasus Workshops in NL, Portugal and Austria, November: one on building
synergies in intensive agricultural landscapes, one on Mediterranean multi-
use, one on enhancing values in marginal, HNV situations – we will draw on
UK experience, in these
• Final conference and report presentation Brussels, January 2018
- Key meetings at national level could precede or follow the Brussels
launch

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For more information, contact us!
pegasus@ieep.eu
www.pegasus.ieep.eu
jdwyer@glos.ac.uk; cshort@glos.ac.uk

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Thank you for listening!
For more information, contact us!
pegasus@ieep.eu
www.pegasus.ieep.eu

PEGASUS Project Overview and Case Studies

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