1. Livestock and Fish II
(LaF2)
CGIAR Research Program (CRP):

2. Research outputs to global development goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years CGIAR SLOs CRP goals
Common IDOs
+ Target statements + Theory of Change
9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway
VC1 Egypt VC2 Uganda VC3 India etc.
Δ behaviour
 direct benefit
3-yr milestones
0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs
(research, capacity building, engagement)
IPG Impact
Pathway
Enabling
Environment
3-yr milestones

3. Common IDOs across CRPs
• Productivity (crop/system/ food system)
• Food security
• Nutrition and Health
• Income
• Gender
• Capacity to innovate
• Risk Management (adaptive capacity)
• Policies – enabling environment/ institutions
• Environment
• Future Options
• Climate

4. Research outputs to global development goals
MDGs - SDGs
12-18 years SLO1 Reduce Poverty
CRP goals
IDO6 Better
policies9-12 years
Value Chain Impact Pathway0-12 years
CRP Activities + Outputs
• Actionable options
• Engagement/transformation Process
• Evidence base
IPG Impact Pathway
SLO2 Food Security
SLO3 Nutrition & Health
SLO4 Environment
IDO5 Environmental
benefits
IDO4 Reduce
nutrient gap
IDO3 More
employment &
income, esp.
for women
IDO1 Improved
productivity
IDO2 More &
better supply
IDO7 More
forage?

5. Theory of Change assumptions
• Addressing whole value chain will improve relevance, uptake and
effectiveness of innovations.
• Focus and targeting will increase efficiency and the probability of
achieving proof at scale.
• Implementation of demand-driven innovations in the right value
chains with the right partners will accelerate the program’s progress
towards achieving outcomes and impact.
• A significant number of pre-commercial smallholders can become
market-oriented and intensify production sustainably.
• Pro-poor value chains can compete and generate sufficient
incentives to promote investment in intensification.
• The poor rely on animal-source food produced locally by
smallholders and from less formal marketing channels.
• The poor will consume more ASF if availability, access and
affordability of products improve from those systems.
• Increased and equitable consumption of ASF will improve nutrition
and health.

6. Our engagement in a value chain embodies our impact pathway
Approach: Solution-driven R4D to achieve impact
Year 1 Year
8-12
Relativedegreeofinvolvement
Research
partners
Development
partners
Assessment
Mobilization
Best bets
Experiment
s
Evaluation
Evidence
Design
Piloting
Lessons
Context
Advocacy
Disseminatio
n
Attracting
investment
Implementin
g large-scale
interventions
Knowledge
partner
Along the impact pathway

7. Increased number of
healthy pigs
Safe pork and pork
products
Increased number of
off take
Improved income from
piggery
Increased income
from other
enterprises
Better
coordination
of value chain
actors
Increased
adoption of
technologies
Equitable distribution of
income
Better access to markets
PROGRAM
OUTPUT
General assumptions
Inputs are available and accessible,
Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out
the technologies,
Good communication strategies,
There is sufficient demand,
The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework,
The right partners are identified,
Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP
General risk
i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions
i. There is adequate demand for pigs
ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery
iii. There are favorable market conditions.
Risk
Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption
Farmers will adapt the improved protocols
Farmers are aware of safe pork.
Risk
Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption
Incomes are invested in household nutrition
Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental
impacts of poorly managed piggery
RESEARCH
OUTCOMES
INTERMEDIATEOUTCOMES
Better animal
health
approaches
Improved feeds and
feeding methods
Innovative pig
husbandry
and pig
management
Better breeds and
breeding methods
Strong pig farmer
groups
Policy briefs
Innovative
linkages to
credit
providers
Incorporation of
gender in value
chains
Increased information
on technologies
Improved food security Reduced
poverty
Improved nutrition
and health
Sustainable management of
natural resources
Less air and water pollution
SL
Os
Innovative
linkages to pig
markets
Improved profits (VC
actors)
Improved diets
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway
ParticipatoryImpactPathwaysAnalysis

8. Safe pork and pork
products
Increased number of
off take
Improved income from
piggery
Better
coordination of
value chain
actors
Equitable distribution of
income
Better access to markets
PROGRAM
OUTPUT
General assumptions
Inputs are available and accessible,
Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out the
technologies,
Good communication strategies,
There is sufficient demand,
The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework,
The right partners are identified,
Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP
General risk
i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions
i. There is adequate demand for pigs
ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery
iii. There are favorable market conditions.
Risk
Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption
Farmers will adapt the improved protocols
Farmers are aware of safe pork.
Risk
Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption
Incomes are invested in household nutrition
Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental impacts of
poorly managed piggery
RESEARCH
OUTCOMES
INTERMEDIATEOUTCOMES
Better animal
health
approaches
Improved feeds and
feeding methods
Innovative pig
husbandry and
pig
management
Better breeds and
breeding methods
Strong pig farmer
groups
Policy briefs
Incorporation of
gender in value chains
Increased information
on technologies
Reduced poverty Improved nutrition and
health
SL
Os
Innovative linkages
to pig markets
Improved profits (VC actors)
Improved diets
Innovative
linkages to
credit providers
Increased
number of
healthy pigs
Increased
adoption of
technologies
Less air
and water
pollution
Increased
income
from other
enterprises
Sustainable NRMFood
security
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway

9. Increased number of
healthy pigs
Safe pork and pork
products
Increased number of
off take
Improved income from
piggery
Increased income
from other
enterprises
Better
coordination
of value chain
actors
Increased
adoption of
technologies
Equitable distribution of
income
Better access to markets
PROGRAM
OUTPUT
General assumptions
Inputs are available and accessible,
Partners are interested and have the resources to scale out
the technologies,
Good communication strategies,
There is sufficient demand,
The pig sector takes priority in the policy framework,
The right partners are identified,
Different stakeholders are willing to be part of the IP
General risk
i. Religious biases remain
Assumptions
i. There is adequate demand for pigs
ii. Farmers are willing to increase investment in
piggery
iii. There are favorable market conditions.
Risk
Disease outbreaks
Better prices
Assumptions
No backlash from equitable
distribution of income
Assumption
Farmers will adapt the improved protocols
Farmers are aware of safe pork.
Risk
Mismanagement/misinterpretation of
information on ASF
Assumption
Incomes are invested in household nutrition
Farmers are aware of what constitutes good diets
Assumption
i. Awareness of negative environmental
impacts of poorly managed piggery
RESEARCH
OUTCOMES
INTERMEDIATEOUTCOMES
Better animal
health
approaches
Improved feeds and
feeding methods
Innovative pig
husbandry
and pig
management
Better breeds and
breeding methods
Strong pig farmer
groups
Policy briefs
Innovative
linkages to
credit
providers
Incorporation of
gender in value
chains
Increased information
on technologies
Improved food security Reduced
poverty
Improved nutrition
and health
Sustainable management of
natural resources
Less air and water pollution
SL
Os
Innovative
linkages to pig
markets
Improved profits (VC
actors)
Improved diets
Uganda Smallholder Pig Value Chain Impact Pathway
ParticipatoryImpactPathwaysAnalysis
Sequencing?
Who to implement?
Who to target?
Changes in behaviour?

10. PIGS
AQUACULTURE
SHEEP & GOATS
DAIRY
Exploiting opportunities
to prepare regional scaling-out
Comment on ‘Focus, focus, focus’

11. IDO Metrics
1. Increased livestock and fish
productivity in small-scale
production systems for the
target commodities (SLO1 and
SLO2)
• Uganda and Vietnam – yields / animal of pig
meat; percentage pig mortality;
• Ethiopia and Mali – yields of small ruminant
meat; flock mortality; kidding rate;
• Tanzania and India – dairy yields per animal;
• Egypt and Bangladesh – fish yields per
hectare;
• Nicaragua – beef and dairy yields per animal
and per hectare
2. Increased quantity and
improved quality of the target
commodity supplied from the
target small-scale production
and marketing systems (SLO1
and SLO2)
• Quantity, by commodity yields per animal
and per unit of land or time, stratified by
target systems
• Market-level volume
• Quality by real unit prices
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

12. IDO Metrics
3. Increased employment and
income for low income actors
in the target value chains, with
an increased share of
employment for and income
controlled by low-income
women (SLO1 and SLO3)
• Increased income among poor people,
disaggregated by sex and age.
• Higher share of women reporting greater
control of income from value chain
participation.
• Increased employment in the target value
chains, disaggregated by sex, age and
poverty status.
4. Increase consumption of the
target commodity responsible
for filling a larger share of the
nutrient gap for the poor,
particularly for nutritionally
vulnerable populations
(women of reproductive age
and young children)
• Higher Individual Dietary Diversity Index
(IDDI); higher Household Dietary Diversity
Index (HDDI)
• Better health and nutrition status of
children under five years:
 Wasting: % of children under 5 years
falling under -2 standards deviations of
weight for age (%).
 Stunting: % of children under 5 less
than -2 standard deviations of mean
height for age.
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

13. IDO Metrics
5. Lower environment impacts in the
target value chains (SLO4)
• Quantities of greenhouse gases
(methane, carbon dioxide, and
nitrous oxide) in each value chain;
solid wastes in swine and dairy
6. Policies (including investments)
support the development of small-
scale production and marketing
systems, and seek to increase the
participation of women within these
(SLO2 and SLO4)
• Public spending on value chains, as
shares of national public spending;
quality of spending on public goods in
value chains, as share of spending on
all goods in the value chains
• Private investment in the value chains
• Number of prominent policy reforms
7. Improve yield potential of major
feeds and forages (SLO1, SLO2, SLO4)
• Yield potential per unit of land in
environments representative of the
given value chains
• Uses and yields of improved materials
in environments representative of the
given value chains
Intermediate Development Outcomes (IDOs)

14. Defining IDO targets
1. What is the adoption domain?
2. What is the best indicator?
• Seek to align with other CRPs
3. What is a reasonable change in
indicator?
• Bio-economic modeling
4. What is a reasonable number of
beneficiaries?
• Existing examples
Defining IDO targets

15. Flagship Projects
1. Building a Livestock and Fish Genetics
Platform.
2. Improving animal health
3. Reducing the environmental costs of
animal production.
4. Developing new biotechnologies for
animal nutrition.
5. Sustaining feed-based intensification of
animal production.
6. Reducing gender disparities.
7. Transforming selected value chains

16. Flagship: Building a Livestock & Fish Genetics
Platform
Platform of scientific competencies of ILRI, World Fish,
NARS and ARI partners
Objective:
to build an integrated animal genetic improvement and
innovative delivery program
for emerging small and medium- scale market-oriented
livestock and fish production systems

17. Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform
Short and medium term:
a) identification of desired genetic livestock and fish products and
initiation of sustained improvement programs within value chains
b) supporting farmers to access desired genetics cost-effectively
c) applying a combination of conventional and emerging genomic
and information technologies to determine and promote best
genetics from existing populations for different production
systems;
d) formation of genetic improvement and delivery platforms to
systematically improve and deliver desired genetics
e) conserving genetic diversity for future needs
Long term:
f) development and testing of novel technologies to provide long-
term solutions to existing or predicted future constraints
g) production of safe transgenics/clones to deliver desired genetics
more efficiently as part of “designer Genetics”

18. Ultimate outcome: significant and sustained genetic
improvement of priority livestock and fish species in
developing countries.
This will contribute to
• Improved productivity (IDO 1)
• More and better supply of ASF (IDO 2)
• More income (IDO 3)
Livestock & Fish Genetics Platform

19. Feeds flagship
• Realize feed-based intensification of animal production
to meet the needs of poor and vulnerable consumers,
while mitigating environmental effects
– … at the core of sustainable intensification….
– optimize temporal and spatial use of land for feedstuffs
– model and reduce environmental costs associated with different
feeds
– identify and utilize novel feeds and forages, including
technologies from biofuel production to produce more and
better quality fodder

20. Feeds flagship - targets
• 50% improvements in productivity (livestock and
fish per unit land area)
• In 50% of our value chains
• Zero additional environmental costs (?)
• By end of nine years….

21. Indicative Budget (US$ million)
2015-17 2018-20 2021-23
Building a Genetics Platform 12.7 12.7 12.7
Improving Animal Health 17.0 17.0 17.0
Reducing Environmental Costs 17.3 17.3 17.3
Developing New Biotechnologies 7.0 7.0 7.0
Sustaining Feed-Based Intensification 13.1 14.4 15.9
Reducing Gender Disparities 7.2 5.4 5.4
Value chains 50.6 66.1 62.9
Capital 5.0 5.0 5.0
TOTAL 129.9 144.9 143.1

22. Budget for value chains
Indicative Budgets, US$
thousands
Value Chains 2015-2017 2018-2020 2021-2023
Bangladesh Fish 12,000 12,000 12,000
Egypt Fish 5,000 5,000 5,000
Ethiopia Small Ruminants 8,400 7,800 7,800
India dairying 6,000 12,000 12,000
Mali Small Ruminants 2,800 5,200 2,600
Nicaragua dual purpose Cattle 2,800 5,200 2,600
Tanzania Dairying 3,000 6,000 8,000
Uganda Swine 6,130 6,130 6,130
Vietnam Swine 4,500 6,750 6,750
Total 50,630 66,080 62,880

23. ILRI
WorldFish Centre
CIAT
ICARDA
Partner CGIAR Centres

24. Approach to partnerships
• Head of Development Partnership
• GCARD session on partnership
• Partnership strategy under development
• Identification of strategic partners
• Research
• Development
• Stratified
• Criteria?
• Evolving and dynamic

25. DEVELOPMENT
Partnership strategy
Global
Regional
Local
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators
RESEARCH
Global
Regional
Local
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators
• Strategic
partners
• Collaborators

26. DEVELOPMENT
Strategic partners
Global
Regional
Local
• CARE
• SNV
• Novus
• FAO
• DOW Agroscience
• VEDCO (Ug)
• CARE (Eg)
• Natl Dairy Plan (In)
RESEARCH
Global
Regional
Local
•SLU (Sw)
•Wageningen UR
•ASARECA
•CORAF
•APAARI
•CATIE
•Universities
•NARS

27. Links
Livestock
& Fish
Crop CRPs:
Food-feed
crop breeding
A4NH: Animal
source food
nutrition
A4NH: Food
Safety &
Zoonoses
PIM: Value
chain analysis
Systems CRPs:
Value chain
options
CCAFS/WLE:
Environmental
impact
mitigation

28. CGIAR is a global partnership that unites organizations engaged in research for a food secure future. The CGIAR
Research Program on Livestock and Fish aims to increase the productivity of small-scale livestock and fish systems
in sustainable ways, making meat, milk and fish more available and affordable across the developing world.
CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish
livestockfish.cgiar.org