health

1. OSTEOARTHRITIS

2. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common,
degenerative disease, which is
characterized by local degeneration
of joint cartilage and new bone
formation at the base of the cartilage
lesion (subchondral bone) and at the
joint margins (osteophytes).

3. Osteoarthritis is the result of both mechanical
and biologic events that destabilize the normal
coupling of degradation and synthesis of
articular cartilage and subchondral bone

4. Risk factors
• Older age - Osteoarthritis typically occurs in older adults. People
under 40 rarely experience osteoarthritis.
• Sex - Women are more likely to develop osteoarthritis, though it
isn't clear why.
• Bone deformities - Some people are born with malformed joints or
defective cartilage, which can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
• Joint injuries - Injuries, such as those that occur when playing
sports or from an accident, may increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
• Obesity - Carrying more body weight places more stress on your
weight-bearing joints, such as your knees. But obesity has also been
linked to an increased risk of osteoarthritis in the hands, as well.
• Other diseases - that affect the bones and joints. Bone and joint
diseases that increase the risk of osteoarthritis include gout,
rheumatoid arthritis, Paget's disease of bone and septic arthritis.

5. Risk factors
Older age
Osteoarthritis typically
occurs in older adults.
People under 40 rarely
experience
osteoarthritis.

6. Risk factors
Sex
Women are more likely to
develop osteoarthritis,
though it isn't clear why.

7. Risk factors
Bone deformities
Some people are born
with malformed joints or
defective cartilage,
which can increase the
risk of osteoarthritis.

8. Risk factors
Joint injuries
Injuries, such as those
that occur when playing
sports or from an
accident, may increase
the risk of osteoarthritis.

9. Risk factors
Obesity
Carrying more body
weight places more
stress on your weight-
bearing joints, such as
your knees. But obesity
has also been linked to
an increased risk of
osteoarthritis in the
hands, as well.

10. Risk factors
Other diseases
That affect the bones
and joints. Bone and
joint diseases that
increase the risk of
osteoarthritis include
gout, rheumatoid
arthritis, Paget's disease
of bone and septic
arthritis.

11. FACTORS
1.Genetic
2.Developmental
3.Metabolic
4.Traumatic

12. Classification
Primary
• Aging
• Sex
Secondary
• Congenital disorders of joints
• Diabetes.
• Inflammatory diseases (such as
Perthes' disease), (Lyme disease),
and all chronic forms of arthritis
(e.g. costochondritis, gout, and
rheumatoid arthritis). In gout, uric
acid crystals cause the cartilage to
degenerate at a faster pace.
• Injury to joints, as a result of an
accident or orthodontic operations.
• Septic arthritis (infection of a joint )
• Ligamentous deterioration or
instability may be a factor.
• Marfan syndrome
• Obesity
• Alkaptonuria
• Hemochromatosis and Wilson's
disease

13. OA may affect every joint

14. OA may affect every joint

20. DEGENERATION OF THE ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

21. Symptoms
• Pain in a joint during or after use, or after a
period of inactivity
• Tenderness in the joint when you apply light
pressure
• Stiffness in a joint, that may be most noticeable
when you wake up in the morning or after a
period of inactivity
• Loss of flexibility may make it difficult to use the
joint
• Grating sensation when you use the joint
• Bone spurs, which appear as hard lumps, may
form around the affected joint
• Swelling in some cases

22. Heberden's nodes may form in
osteoarthritis

23. Diagnosis
X-RAY
Primary osteoarthritis
of the left knee. Note
the osteophytes,
subchondral cyst
formation, narrowing of
the joint space (arrow),
and increased
subchondral bone
density (arrow).

24. Diagnosis
Arthroscopy

25. NON-DRUG TREATMENT
•weight loss (normal weight
people have a 20% risk of hip
OA, overweight have 25% risk,
and obese have 39% risk)
•water exercise programs
•physical therapy (range of
motion and strengthening
exercises)
•occupational therapy
(assistive devices, joint
protection)
•patient education

26. DRUG TREATMENT
• Acetaminophen
• Non-steroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs
• Tanezumab (monoclonal
antibody)
• Chondroitin sulfate
• Glucosamine
• S-Adenosyl methionine

27. Surgery

28. INTRAARTICULAR INJECTION
• Artificial synovial fluid
• Steroids
• Enzyme inhibitors
• Chondroprotectors

29. INTRAARTICULAR INJECTION

30. Surgeory
• Autologous chondrocyte implantation
• Microfracture surgery
• Arthroscopic surgery
• Osteotomy
• Limb lengthening
• Arthrodesis
• Joint replacement

31. Deformity correction

32. Deformity correction

33. Limb lengthening

34. Arthrodesis of ankle joint

35. Arthrodesis of ankle joint

36. Subtalar arthrodesis

37. Subtalar arthrodesis

38. TOTAL SHOULDER REPLACEMENT

39. TOTAL ELBOW
REPLACEMENT

40. TOTAL HIP REPLACEMENT

41. TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT

42. TOTAL ANKLE REPLACEMENT