Presentation delivered at the CIALCA international conference 'Challenges and Opportunities to the agricultural intensification of the humid highland systems of sub-Saharan Africa'. Kigali, Rwanda, October 24-27 2011.

1. Building “climate smart” East African
coffee production systems
Kigali, Rwanda – 24 October 2011
Henk van Rikxoort, Laurence Jassogne, Peter Läderach, Piet van Asten

2. AGENDA
 Opportunities for East African coffee
 Challenges for East African coffee
 Classification for East African coffee
 1 – Yield
 2 – Adaptive capacity
 3 – Carbon footprint
 Institutional landscape
 Conclusions
2 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

3. OPPORTUNITIES FOR COFFEE
 Coffee constitutes a large proportion of both GDP
and exports share in East African countries
 Coffee here is predominantly produced by
smallholders
 AFDB (2010)
 ICO (2011)
3 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

4. NEED FOR ADAPTATION
 Läderach et al. (2010)
4 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

5. NEED FOR MITIGATION
 Increasing consumer demand for products which
emit fewer GHG emissions
 Retailers, the private sector and certification bodies
start to address GHG emissions in coffee supply
chains
 Retailers  Certification bodies
5 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

6. CLASSIFICATION FOR EAST
AFRICAN COFFEE
Unshaded Unshaded
monoculture monoculture
Estates
Coffee –
Shaded
banana
Smallholder farming
monoculture
intercrop
Coffee – tree
system
Coffee
garden
Wild
coffee
6 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

7. YIELD
1: Arabica x banana
4000
Unshaded (Uganda)
2: Arabica x banana
Shaded (Uganda)
3000
3: Robusta x banana
Shaded (Uganda)
yield (kg/ha)
2000
4: Arabica monocrop
Unshaded (Kenya)
5: Arabica monocrop
Unshaded (Uganda)
1000
6: Arabica monocrop
Shaded (Uganda)
7: Robusta monocrop
0
Shaded (Uganda)
1 2 3 4
4 5
5 6
6 7
7
coffee system
7 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

8. ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
 Shading
 Intercropping
8 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

9. CARBON FOOTPRINT
Carbon footprint per unit product
12
11 Sum = 9.2
10
Sum = 9.4
9
Pesticide production
8
kg CO2-e/kg-1 parchment coffee
Sum = 3.7 Gas use
7
Sum = 3.9 Diesel use
6
Electricity use
5
Off-farm transport
4
Crop residue managment
3
Waste water production
2
Fertiliser induced N2O
1
Fertiliser production
0
C sequestration in trees
-1 Trad-po Com-poly Shad-m
ly ono Unshad-mono
-2
-3
-4
9 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

10. INSTITUTIONAL LANDSCAPE
Governments
 Need for policies that support
climate smart coffee production
systems
Research and extension
 More research attention needed for
systems rather than single crops
Private sector
 Involvement of private sector
needed in addressing climate
change in coffee supply chains
10 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

11. CONCLUSIONS
 Global trends indicate that adapting to and mitigating
climate change will be key for coffee production systems
to be effective in the future
 Coffee in East Africa is produced in different systems with
different characteristics and benefits
 Climate smart systems use intercropping with other food
crops and shading to combine adaptation and mitigation
 Support from governments, research institutes and the
private sector is needed to promote and implement these
climate smart systems in the region
11 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems

12. THANK YOU
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture
(IITA)
Coffee – Banana Intercropping Team
International Center for Tropical Agriculture
(CIAT)
Decision and Policy Analysis Program (DAPA)
Wageningen University and Research Centre
(WUR)
Plant Research International (PRI)
Henk van Rikxoort
E-mail: henk.vanrikxoort@wur.nl
Laurence Jassogne
E-mail: ljassogne@gmail.com
12 Building “climate smart” East African coffee production systems