1. PRIORITIES FOR VIETNAM AGRICULTURE –
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES
WITH THE REGION
Nguyen Van Bo, VAAS
Planning Meeting for CIAT Asia
Hanoi, 20 February 2014

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ON
VN AGRICULTURE COMPARED WITH
SELECTED ASEAN COUNTRIES

3. VIET NAM AND ASEAN, 2013 (1)
Country
Indonesia
Myanmar
Thailand
Malaysia
Vietnam
Philippines
Laos
Cambodia
Area
Populat.
Agr. Irrigated
1000ha millions land,% 1000ha
181,157
65,351
51,089
32,866
31,007
29,817
23,080
17,652
246.9 30.1
52.8 19.2
66.8 41.2
29.2 24.0
88.8 (3) 35.0 (2)
96.7 40.6
6.6 10.3
14.9 32.0
Source: World Factbook (www.cia.gov)
6,722
2,250
6,415
365
4,600
1,525
300
285

4. VIET NAM AND ASEAN, 2013 (2)
Country
Indonesia
Thailand
Malaysia
Philippines
Vietnam
Cambodia
Laos
GDP
US Bill.
878.2
366.0
303.5
250.2
141.7 (5)
14.1
9.3
GDP/cap
USD
Agr.value
% GDP
3,557
14.0
5,480
12.0
10,381
11.0
2,587
12.0
1,596 (5) 22.0 (5)
946
36.0
1,399
75.1
Source: World Factbook (www.cia.gov)

5. Trade and FDI, Millions USSD
Country
Total Trade.
FDI
Singapore
775,153
63,997
Thailand
458,904
7,778
Malaysia
415,722
12,001
Indonesia
380,932
19,242
Vietnam
199,852
7,430
Philippines
111,752
1,262
Myanmar
14,925
-
Brunei
14,822
1,208
Cambodia
12,844
892
3,956
301
2,045,731
114,111
Laos
ASEAN
Source: Richard Silberglitt. Symposium on Integrated Foresight for Sustainable Economic
Development and Eco-Resilience in ASEAN Countries. Thailand, 1– 2 October 2013

6. Security index score (1-5)
Country
Food
Water
Energy
Singapore
4.0
3.4
4.5
Brunei
3.5
3.0
4.0
Malaysia
3.2
3.4
4.0
Thailand
3.0
2.2
4.0
Vietnam
2.4
1.8
1.5
Indonesia
2.3
2.6
2.5
Phillipines
2.3
2.2
1.5
Myanmar
2.0
2.2
3.0
Laos
1.8
2.6
2.0
Cambodia
1.6
1.6
3.0
Source: Richard Silberglitt. Symposium on Integrated Foresight for Sustainable Economic
Development and Eco-Resilience in ASEAN Countries. Thailand, 1– 2 October 2013

7. CROPS PRODUCTION, 2013
Crops
Area
1000ha
Production
1000 tons
Export
1000 tons
Mil.USD
Rice
7,899.9
44,076.1 6,653(-17.3%)
3,730 (-27.3)
Maize
1,157.5
5151.1
-
-
Coffee
635.2
1,322.1
1,308 (-15.5)
2,740 (-15.4)
Rubber
974.1
934.5
1,023 (+6.5) 2,856 (-11.7)
Tea (Fresh)
130.0
939.4
148 (-0.4%)
Cashew
310.0
285.0
264 (+19.9) 1,654 (+12.6)
Pepper
62.6
123.4
134 (+14.5)
899 (+13.2)
Cassava
547.8
9,740.0
3,142 (-15.7)
1,102 (-18.5)
Veget.
834.5
14,815.0
Fruit MARD, 2014 784.0
8,047.0
230 (+0.2)
1,095
(+32.0)

8. ANIMAL PRODUCTION 2012
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Pigs: 26.25 mil (- 0.90%)
Poultry: 314.75 mil. (+ 3.0%)
Buffoloes: 2.56 mil. (- 2.6%)
Beef cattle: 5.16 mil. (- 0.7%)
Diary cattle: 186,300 (+11.6%)
Meat Pricduction: 4,36 miltons (+1.5%),
Milk: 425,400 tons (+10.5%)
Animal Feed Eq.: 13.6 mil tons (+7.1)

9. Agriculture Export Value, Mil. USD
Sectors
Crops Prod.
Forestry
Fishery
Others (Milk,
Veget. oils, Sugar
2012
14,997
4,932
6,154
1,458
2013
13,139
5,805
6,167
Export Total
Import Total
Export Surplus
27,541
16,937
10,604
27,764
18,945
8,819
Source: MARD, 2013-2014

10. PROBLEMS FACING

11. CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE
1. Limited in Agricultural Land (World average:
1.20 ha/capita; Vietnam: 0.104ha or 8.7% and
reducing)
2. Population Pressure. 90 mil. (1/11/2013). VN
ranking 14th in population and 65th in natural
area
3. Productivity Ceiling
4. Product Quality and Safety
5. High Production Cost
6. Relatively low competitiveness

12. GDP Growth in Agriculture
Period
1995-2000
%
4.01
2001-2005
3.83
2006-2010
3.30
Source: GSO

13. Rice Productivity Growth, %
1990-95
1996-2000
2011-05
2006-2010
3.05
2.84
2.91
1.72
Source: GSO

14. Agricultural productivity
in selected countries
Unit: USD/person/year

15. Structure of Agricultural Land Area/Household in 2010
Source: CAP based on VLSS 2010

16. Export Price, USD/tons
Rice
2011
514
2012
461
2013
410
(- 10.3% vs 2011) (- 11.1% vs 2012)
Rubber 3,954
2,792
2,356
(- 29.4% vs 2011) (- 15.6% vs 2012)
Coffee
2,047
2,122
1,500
(+ 3.7% vs 2011)
(- 29.3% vs 2012)
Source: Estimated from MARD reports, 2013

17. Investment Structure
Nguồn : Ước lượng từ số liệu của TCTK
17

18. Number of Enterprises 2000-2008
Source: GSO

19. Value Chain of Tea: % of
retail Price
7%
100%
90%
80%
5%
3%
3%
1%
2%
1%
1%
Người trồng chè
70%
Người chế biến trong nước
60%
Thương gia trong nước
50%
40%
84%
92%
Nhà xuất khẩu trong nước
Giá trị ở nước ngoài
30%
20%
10%
0%
Tesco Own Label
Twinings leaf tea
Source: 20 years of Science and Technology Development (MARD, 2006)

20. Value added per Agricultural labour
(US$; Average for 2006-2008 )
IPSARD, 2012

21. Climate Change Impacts on Vietnam
Most impacted countries: % Land Area
1m SLR
14
12
8
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
sh
e
a
B
a
ng
la
d
ai
c
ia
m
m
b
Ja
u
G
a
e
li
er ze
to
R
ic
o
C
ub
a
r
B
ta
Q
a
P
B
a
ha
m
a
s
0
Ba
ha
m
a
Be
ni
n
10
au
rit
a
Su nia
ri n
am
G e
uy
an
a
G
uia
n
Tu a
nis
ia
10
M
12
Most impacted countries: % Population
1m SLR
According to WB, Vietnam is among 5 countries most
impacted by Climate Change.

22. Vietnam: Climate Change
1. Sea level Raise: Flood, Saltwater intrusion
Over the past fifty years, sea level has increased by
about 20 cm (2cm/decade)
1. Temperature increase: Drought, Disease
modification, cropping pattern change
Over the past 50 years, (1958-2007), annual
average temperatures increased by about 0.5 to
0.7oC (+0.10C/decade)

23. VN AGRICULTURE- SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGS
- Food Security at national level
- Good irrigation works
- Top raking in export of Agricultural
Products
- Hard working farmers
OPPORTUNITIES
- Global integration (WTO, TPP…)
- New land policy and Rural development
- S-T development
-Better condition for Small and medium
enterprises development
-- Strong commitment of Government for
Agriculture development
WEAKNESSES
Quantitative production
Low effectiveness
Low relative competitiveness
Low percentage of deep processing
Quality and food safety concern
CHALLENGES
- Sector growth stagnation
- Small scale production
- Limitation and degradation of natural resources
- Food insecurity at household level
- Less enterprises investing in agriculture
- Severe competition in international market
- Climate change
- Water resources conflict
- Widening gap between the rich and the poor; urban
and rural
- Higher requirement of market for quality and safety

24. ORIENTATIONS

25. OVERALL TARGETS
A. Sustainable Agriculture
B. Prosperous Rural Areas
C. Wealthy Farmers

26. NEW VISSION FOR AGRICULTURE
Every Decade:
- Production Growth increase by 20%,
ensuring food security at national and
household levels
- Poverty reduced by 20%
- GHG emission reduced by 20%

27. PRIORITIES
• Food Security and safety
• Natural disaster mitigation and
Environment protection
• Human Resources Development

28. - GDP Growth: OBJECTIVES
• 2,6 – 3,0 %/year for 2011 – 2015
• 3,5 – 4,0 %/year for 2016 – 2020
– By 2020, farmers income increases by 2,5 times
– Poverty at 12% with reduction by 2% per year
– % of Villages meeting criteria of new rural model: 20% by
2015 and 50% by 2020
– Forest coverage increase up to 42-43% (2015) and 45%
(2020).
– Agricultural labour: < 46%

29. Orientations-Economic
-
Priority for development of high
competitive sector and commodities
–
Higher investment for post harvest technology
and processing
–
Value added improvement;
–
Rural industry development
–
Product quality and food safety
–
Farmers income improvement

30. VN Export Value VS Global, Mil. USD
Sectors
Fruit-Veget
Flowers
Rice
Coffee
Rubber
Tea
Cashew nut
Pepper
Total
Global Import
Value, 2010
97,900
25,000
16,818
7,548
7,488
6,370
1,719
1,761
1,361,853
VN Export Value,
2012
805 (0.82%)
60 (0.24%)
3,730 (22.2%)
3,740 (49.5%)
2,850 (38.1%)
227 (3.56%)
1,483 (86.3%)
802 (45.5%)
14,997 (1,10%)

31. Orientations-Social
 Ensuring in sustainability in equity and access to
landuse and other resources (credit, education,
healthcare, …)
 Rural infrastructure improvement and public
service
 Improvement food security at household level
 Approaching to nutrition security
 Policy for the poors
 Labour’s skill training
 Development rural enterprises

32. Orientations-Environment
1. Mitigation
 Sustainable management of natural resources
 Strengthening capacity in early warning of natural
disasters and disease
 Green growth and biodiversity conservation
 GHG Emission reduction

33. 2. Adaptation
Orientations-Environment
 Manure, residue, waste management;
 Farming technology improvement (C, N control)
 Varieties improvement: Flood, salt, heat,
disease tolerance
 Bioenergy (Bioethanol/ Diesel, Biochar)

34. MEASURES
• Sector Production Restructuring with
emphasis on high-value and deep
processing
• Science and Technology
• Infrastruction improvement
• International Integration
• Administration Governance Improvement

35. SECTOR RESTRUCTURING
TO 2020

36. CROPS PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING
 Realizing relative advantages of market, products and
agro-climatic condition;
 Post harvest and deep processing improvement
 S-T development with focusing on high-tech, new
crop varieties development, VietGAP.
 Development of trade mark and labelling
 Market development

37. CROPS PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING (2)
1. Rice: Sustaining at area of 3.8 mil.ha (7.0 mil ha of
planted area), Production of 45 mil. Tons of paddy.
High atention to high quality, tolerant to abiotic and
biotic stresses.
2. Maize: Meeting domestic demand of 8.5 mil tons
(now: 4.8 mil. tons)

38. CROPS PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING (3)
1. Coffee: Sustaining at 0.5 mil.ha; replanting
150,000ha
- Postharvest technology development
- Deep processing and
- Trade mark development
2. Rubber: 0.8 mil. ha; Intensive farming

39. CROPS PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING (4)
3. Cashewnut: 0.4 mil. ha; Varieties
improvement; Intensive farming
4. Black pepper: 50,000 ha; Varieties
improvement, Disease management
5. Tea: 140,000 ha, Varieties improvement;
Merchanization in harvesting;
Diversification of products

40. ANIMAL PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING
 Growth at 7–8 %/year, the share in
agricultural GDP: 21,5%)
 Transfer from small and dissected scale to
medium and industrial scale.
 Moving animal farms from high density
population to lower population density
 Relative animal structure to relative increase
poultry and diary cattle.
 Animal feed crops toward replacing import

41. FISHERY PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING
 Growth at 11%/years; the share in
agricultural GDP: 335%
 Increase the share of aquaculture and
offshore catching
 Intensification of key products
 Quality and Safety meeting market standard
 Structure
improvement
management
and
environment

42. FORESTRY PRODUCTION RESTRUCTURING
 Growth at 4%/years;
 Forest coverage: 42-45%
 Economic forest intensification
 Transfer from fast growing forest tree to
higher wood quality
 Strengthening wood processing
 Agro-forestry development
 Improving income for farmers

43. MESSAGES
• VN is and still will be Agriculture-based
economy.
• Key products are for export, so need to
improve competitiveness
• Higher profit from farming
• Higher income for farmers
• Harmonizing Agriculture-Rural and
Farmers Development

44. VIETNAM-CIAT
COLLABORATION
THROUGH PICTURES

45. CIAT DG, Dr. Joachim Voss at VAAS

46. 45th CIAT Anniversary in Hanoi

47. MARD Vice Minister, Dr. Bui Ba Bong at
45th CIAT Anniversary

48. 45th CIAT Anniversary in Hanoi

49. Inauguration of CIAT Regional Office at
AGI/VAAS

50. CIAT DG, Dr. Ruben Echeverria and CIAT Team at VAAS

51. Cassava Network Meeting in Hanoi

52. CIAT BOT in Hanoi

53. Dr. CIAT Invalid, Dr. Rod Lefroy
on Field Day

54. Medal Awarding for Dr. Rod Lefroy at
45th CIAT Anniversary

55. CIAT DDG, Dr.Albin Hubscher and Reginal Director, Dr.
Rod Lefroy at VAAS