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Special Needs Offenders
    Challenges of Community Treatment




      40 Boardman Place                                     www.cjcj.org
      San Francisco, CA 94103     © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Successful Treatment

 Providing support, understanding, and
motivation to promote short and long term
             behavior change




           40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
           San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Special Needs Offenders in the Community
•    Substance abuser
•    Sex offender
•    Mentally ill
•    Developmentally disabled
•    Lifestyle offenders
•    Homeless offenders
•    Chronic unemployed offenders




                     40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                     San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Types of Commonly Abused Substances
•   Alcohol
•   Stimulants
•   Hallucinogens
•   Depressants
•   Opiates
•   Marijuana




                    40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                    San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Types of Drug Users
• Experimenters
• Floaters
• Compulsive users




                 40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                 San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Substance Abuse Intervention Models
• Strict Abstinence with immediate Sanctions

• Harm Reduction with permissible relapse




                   40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                   San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Common Substance Abuse Treatment
                Methods
•   Drug testing
•   Alcoholic/Narcotics Anonymous
•   Behavior modification
•   Outpatient Treatment
•   Methadone Treatment
•   Residential Treatment
•   Therapeutic Community




                    40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                    San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Examples of Treatment Models

Methadone Treatment                          Therapeutic Community

•   Administered orally                      •   18-24 month program
•   Longer lasting effects                   •   High end offenders
•   Combines in-patient and                  •   Rigidly structured environment
    outpatient care                          •   Uses peer pressure and
•   Monitored through testing                    confrontation
                                             •   Focuses on re-socialization




                           40 Boardman Place                                         www.cjcj.org
                           San Francisco, CA 94103         © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Effectiveness of Drug Treatment
• Non-prison treatment seven times more effective than
  punitive sentencing

• Two to three times more effective than traditional shorter
  sentences (1996 Rand Study)




                    40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                    San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act
           of 2000 (Proposition 36)
• Passed by 61% of California voters

• Mandated new approach to treatment of substance
  abusers on probation and parole

• Prioritized treatment over incarceration




                    40 Boardman Place                                   www.cjcj.org
                    San Francisco, CA 94103   © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
Key Terms: Substance Abuse
•   Drug of Choice                     • Psychological dependence
•   Poly drug user                     • Physiological dependence
•   Substance abuse                    • comorbidity
•   Substance dependence
•   Detoxification
•   Tolerance




                     40 Boardman Place                                     www.cjcj.org
                     San Francisco, CA 94103     © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013

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Challenges Treating Special Needs Offenders

  • 1. Special Needs Offenders Challenges of Community Treatment 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 2. Successful Treatment Providing support, understanding, and motivation to promote short and long term behavior change 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 3. Special Needs Offenders in the Community • Substance abuser • Sex offender • Mentally ill • Developmentally disabled • Lifestyle offenders • Homeless offenders • Chronic unemployed offenders 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 4. Types of Commonly Abused Substances • Alcohol • Stimulants • Hallucinogens • Depressants • Opiates • Marijuana 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 5. Types of Drug Users • Experimenters • Floaters • Compulsive users 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 6. Substance Abuse Intervention Models • Strict Abstinence with immediate Sanctions • Harm Reduction with permissible relapse 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 7. Common Substance Abuse Treatment Methods • Drug testing • Alcoholic/Narcotics Anonymous • Behavior modification • Outpatient Treatment • Methadone Treatment • Residential Treatment • Therapeutic Community 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 8. Examples of Treatment Models Methadone Treatment Therapeutic Community • Administered orally • 18-24 month program • Longer lasting effects • High end offenders • Combines in-patient and • Rigidly structured environment outpatient care • Uses peer pressure and • Monitored through testing confrontation • Focuses on re-socialization 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 9. Effectiveness of Drug Treatment • Non-prison treatment seven times more effective than punitive sentencing • Two to three times more effective than traditional shorter sentences (1996 Rand Study) 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 10. Substance Abuse and Crime Prevention Act of 2000 (Proposition 36) • Passed by 61% of California voters • Mandated new approach to treatment of substance abusers on probation and parole • Prioritized treatment over incarceration 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013
  • 11. Key Terms: Substance Abuse • Drug of Choice • Psychological dependence • Poly drug user • Physiological dependence • Substance abuse • comorbidity • Substance dependence • Detoxification • Tolerance 40 Boardman Place www.cjcj.org San Francisco, CA 94103 © Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice 2013