19. Houston–Galveston–Brazoria, TX CMSA
Charlotte–Gastonia–Rock Hill, NC/SC MSA
Jacksonville, FL MSA
Nashville, TN MSA
Indianapolis, IN MSA
Oklahoma City, OK MSA
Raleigh–Durham–Chapel Hill, NC MSA
Orlando, FL MSA
Greensboro–Winston-Salem–High Point, NC MSA
Atlanta, GA MSA
Austin–San Marcos, TX MSA
Kansas City, MO/KS MSA
Saint Louis, MO/IL MSA
Dallas-Fort Worth, TX CMSA
Las Vegas, NV–AZ MSA
Richmond–Petersburg, VA MSA
San Antonio, TX MSA
Tampa–St. Petersburg–Clearwater, FL MSA
Louisville, KY/IN MSA
Memphis, TN/AR/MS MSA
Detroit–Ann Arbor–Flint, MI CMSA
Columbus, OH MSA
Minneapolis–St. Paul, MN/WI MSA
Hartford, CT MSA
Miami–Fort Lauderdale, FL CMSA
West Palm Beach–Boca Raton, FL MSA
Denver–Boulder–Greeley, CO CMSA
Cincinnati–Hamilton, OH/KY/IN CMSA
Grand Rapids–Muskegon–Holland, MI MSA
Milwaukee–Racine, WI CMSA
San Diego, CA MSA
Rochester, NY MSA
Phoenix–Mesa, AZ MSA
Norfolk–Virginia Beach–Newport News, VA/NC MSA
Seattle–Tacoma–Bremerton, WA CMSA
Washington–Baltimore, DC/MD/VA/WV CMSA
Boston–Worcester–Lawrence, MA/NH/ME/CT CMSA
Los Angeles–Riverside–Orange County, CA CMSA
San Francisco–Oakland–San Jose, CA CMSA
Cleveland–Akron, OH CMSA
Salt Lake City–Ogden, UT MSA
Providence–Fall River–Warwick, RI--MA MSA
Pittsburgh, PA MSA
Chicago–Gary–Kenosha, IL/IN/WI CMSA
Buffalo–Niagara Falls, NY MSA
Philadelphia–Wilmington–Atlantic City, PA/NJ
Portland–Salem, OR/WA CMSA
Sacramento–Yolo, CA CMSA
New York–Northern New Jersey–Long Island, NY/NJ
New Orleans, LA MSA
0 10 20 30 40
Vehicle Miles Travelled
Per Person Per Day
20.
21. The Hypothesis
Metro areas that drive less spend less on
transportation.
Compact urban development and diverse
and functional transportation choices give
people alternatives to cars.
22. Income Spent on Transportation Increases with VMT
24.0%
22.0%
20.0%
Household Transportation Spending
R2 = 0.2762
18.0%
16.0%
14.0%
12.0%
10.0%
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
VMT/Person/Day
23. Estimating the Gain
Each vehicle mile traveled costs about 50
cents, including fuel, maintenance and
capital costs.
At current gas prices, fuel represents about
one-third of total vehicle costs.
24. Chicago’s Green Dividend
If we move Chicago from 21.2 miles per day
to 20.2 miles per day…
The Chicago Green Dividend =
$1.7 billion annually
25. Houston’s Green Dividend
If we move Houston from 37.7 miles per day
to 36.7 miles per day…
The Houston Green Dividend =
$1 billion annually
26. Denver’s Green Dividend
If we move Denver from 24.9 miles per day to
23.9 miles per day…
The Denver Green Dividend =
$440 million annually
