6. role of social capital in water mgmt and adaptation to water scarcity in srepok river basin
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3rd Mekong Forum on Water, Food & Energy. Presentation from Sessions 4 & 6: M-POWER Solutions for Mekong Region Governance
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6. role of social capital in water mgmt and adaptation to water scarcity in srepok river basin
- 1. Role of social capital in water management and adaptation to water scarcity in Srepok River Basin in Dak Lak province, Vietnam M’Nong people’s houses Nguyen Thi Thiem, Vietnam Livestock raising How to manage? Water scarcity Water port of M’Nong people Cassava and maize cultivation How to adapt? Srepok River Basin Paddy production Coffee production
- 2. Research questions • What are the main forms and dynamics of local water management and adaptation to water scarcity by people in Srepok River Basin in Daklak province? • How are these forms of management and adaptation linked or dependent on certain forms of social capital? • To what extent is the effectiveness of these forms of water management and adaptation determined by the density of relevant social capital in the locality? • What are the impacts of government management approach or schemes to existing social capital-based management?
- 3. Join in local government management Villager Villager Villager Formal institutions Villager To manage Common water resource Villager Join in self-governance by entire community Villager Villager Three main forms of WM and adaptation Villager Water scarcity Institutions HH HH HH To adapt HH HH HH Join in groups and organizations
- 4. A shared drilled well by Household group Shared water pumping Facilities by HHs Shared dug canal of HH group Coffee garden Reservoir managed by commune government Dug pond of HH group
- 5. Water scarcity Concrete canal managed by commune government Villager Villager Adaptation Management Villager Formal institutions Villager Social capital Villager Villager Strict rule Cooperation Trust Villager Trust Villager HH HH Traditional institutions Stream self-governed by entire community Exchange HH Reciprocity HH Cooperation HH HH Dug pond shared by household group
- 6. At community level Water scarcity context Pai Ar village: Du Mah village: Strong village rule, Weak village rule, many groups, few groups, much exchange less exchange Comparative case study Comparison between two villages Performance of WM & adaptation to WS Social capital Density Performance Functions Governance Mechanisms structure Decision making & plan Water allocation Resource mobilization Outcomes Maintain & protection
- 8. Findings Social capital Diverse reciprocity and exchange between households
- 9. Findings Governance structure Strict rule ensures tight governance structure Strict rule village Source: Group discussion, 2012 Weak rule village
- 10. Findings Strict rule Decision making and plan Strict rule ensures a formal procedure of decision making & plan Weak rule Source: Group discussion, 2012
- 11. Findings Decision making and plan Strong rule enforcement involves participation and role of local people in decision making Strong rule ensures decisive role of traditional institution trusted by people in decision making
- 12. Findings Resource mobilization; maintenance and protection The case 2 also indicates that Strict rule promote collective action and linkage among insiders against outsiders to protect water resources People give up economic value to protect water resources
- 13. Findings Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak rule
- 14. Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak rule Findings Assessment village water port by surveyed households in two villages Du Mah 27,27% Pai Ar 27,27% 11,76% 41,18% H ousehold's assessment on water-port Very good Good 47,06% 45,45% Source: Household survey, 2013 Average Poor
- 15. Findings Patterns and outcomes of water management affected by strong rule and weak rule Pai Ar’s water port - Strict rule village Du Mah’s water port – Weak rule village Source: Author’s field observation, October, 2012
- 16. Findings Water management and adaptation by HH groups based on social capital Sympathy and trust allow changing membership requirements into advantageous criteria for members Source: Group interview, November, 2012
- 17. Findings Decision making and plan Trust promotes flexibly change of decision making & plan Procedure of decision making and plan affected by social capital component
- 18. Findings Water allocation Sympathy between members dominates water allocation Rules of water allocation associates with the same production procedure and technique applied by all members that contributes to effective water use Reciprocity and exchange in water collection contribute to save time and timely provide water for the fields Resign right to use water to other members in case of serious water shortage
- 19. Findings Resource mobilization Mechanism of resources contribution in groups affected by social capital
- 20. Findings Outcomes Save time labor in WM and adaptation Effectivie water allocation and use Timely in water irrigation Social capital based WM and adaptation More investment in WM and irrigation system Creation new irrigation systems Participatory approach Reduction cost of WM
- 21. Findings Household’s livelihood strategy coping with water scarcity based on social capital
- 22. Findings Water management by local government of irrigation system and difference to social capital based management Top-down approach Unequal distribution of water Poor design and management Does not involve participation of local people, traditional institutions Villagers broke the concrete canal because of inconvenience Someone stop water flow for his field Concrete canal manged by local government
- 23. Findings Problems should be improved towards good water governance and adaptation Weak linkage between villages which use and manage the same irrigation system
- 24. Findings Problems should be improved towards good water governance and adaptation Weak connection and cooperation between groups which are using the same water source
- 25. Recommendations • Recommendations for strengthen the role of social capital in water management and adaptation to water scarcity • Policy recommendations and measures for water management and adaptation to water scarcity at community level • Recommendations for further research
- 26. Thank you for your attention and comments