1. Hydrocarbon Fuels from Biomass using
IH2 Technology
Pat Leung, Alan Del Paggio
CRI Catalyst Company, Houston, Texas, United States
Terry Marker, Larry Felix, Martin Linck, Michael Roberts
Gas Technology Institute, Des Plaines, Illinois, United States

2. Disclaimer
The information contained in this material is intended to be general in
nature and must not be relied on as specific advice in connection with
any decisions you may make. None of CRI/Criterion Inc or any of its
affiliated companies are liable for any action you may take as a result of
you relying on such material or for any loss or damage suffered by you
as a result of you taking this action. Furthermore, these materials do
not in any way constitute an offer to provide specific products or
services. Some products or services may not be available in certain
countries or political subdivisions thereof.
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3. CRI Snapshot
• Evolution of Shell Catalyst Business with > 45 year history
• Part of CRI/Criterion, Inc
• US based global business
– Houston (HQ)
– London
– Singapore
• Research Facilities
– STCA 1000 staff using >80,000 m2 building space
– SBL >200 staff using ~10 acre site
– STCH (Westhollow) 1200 staff using >1mln ft2 building space
• Manufacturing Facilities in US, Germany, Belgium
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4. GTI Snapshot
• Not-for-profit gas research &services organization with a 70 year history
• Capabilities that span the natural gas value chain
• Energy Solutions
• Facilities
– 18 acre Chicago campus
– 28 specialized labs totaling 200,000 ft2
• Staff of 250
• >1,200 patents
• >750 products taken to market
Offices& Labs
Pilot Scale Gasification Campus Energy & Environmental Technology Center
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5. Why IH2 Technology?
Biofuels
Pharmaceuticals
Neutraceuticals
Algae
Cosmetics
Chemicals
Food/ feed
• Can consume either whole algae or post-extractive residue
• Improve site margins
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6. GTI‟s Design Principles
• Produce fungible hydrocarbon fuel/blend stock from a broad range
of inedible/residual biomass feed at low cost
• Require no infrastructure other than road/rail transport into and out
of the production
• Have minimal unsustainable impact on the surrounding environment
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7. Simple (4 major components)
1. Feed Conditioning:
– Sized, mixed and dried to moisture contents between 10-45wt%
2. 1st Stage Reactor (bubbling fluidized bed)
– Biomass meets catalyst and H2 at ~400C to remove >90% oxygen
3. 2nd Stage Reactor (low pressure fixed bed HT)
– 1st stage product „polished‟ over a second catalyst system
4. Hydrogen Manufacturing Unit (HMU)
– Converts C3- gases to renewable H2 sufficient to meet requirements
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8. Differentiators
• Feedstock flexibility with yields 67-157 gal/ton (MAF)
• Attractive economics
– Low capex (low pressure, non-corrosive, simple)
– Low opex
• Both stages exothermic
• Fungible with fossil fuels
– High purity hydrocarbon product
– High energy density (i.e. 18 kBTU/lb)
– Produces gasoline/jet/diesel simultaneously
– No oxygen
• Self-sufficient “renewable” H2
– Eases logistical constraints
– >94% GHG reduction except for algae
• Integrates existing technologies
• Catalysts are essential
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9. IH2 Process - Algae Scenario
Potential Revenue
Feed IH2 Sources
Green CO2
Char
Algae Cyclone System
Ash/Catalyst Fines
Hi Pressure
Steam
HMU
Wood/Forest C3- Gases (Renewable H2)
Residue
4
Distilled
Hydrocarbon
Products Distilled
Agriculture
Gasoline,
Residue C 4+
2 3 Jet and Diesel
Fuel / Blend Stock
Hot Water
Bubbling Fluidized Bed Fixed Bed HT
Proprietary Catalyst Proprietary Catalyst
Energy Crops 340-470C 150-250C
<500psig <500psig N/S stream
for Fertilizer
MSW 1st Stage 2nd Stage
(Garbage/RDF)
Char
Feed Conditioning 1
Sizing , Drying & Feeding
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10. Liquid Yields and Feedstock Flexibility
Wood Parabel Aquaflow Bagasse Blue Marble Corn Stover
Lemna Wild Seaweed
MicroAlgae
Feed wt % C 49.7 46.3 43.1 43.1 34.0 40.2
Feed wt % H 5.8 5.8 6.1 5.0 4.43 5.0
Feed wt % O 43.9 35.7 20.4 35.3 23.6 35.7
Feed wt % N 0.11 3.7 6.5 0.34 4.6 1.0
Feed wt % S 0.03 0.3 0.7 0.10 1.9 0.05
Feed wt % Ash 0.5 8.2 23.1 16.2 29.4 18.1
Feed H/C 1.40 1.50 1.70 1.39 1.56 1.49
Typical % C4+ TLP (MAF) 28 30 46 30 35 21
C4+ Gallon/Ton (MAF) 92 100 157 100 119 67
Product Oxygen bdl* bdl bdl bdl bdl bdl
* bdl is < 0.1%
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11. IH2 Liquid Products
Total Liquid Product from Total Liquid Product from Gasoline/Jet/Diesel Product from
1st Gen Catalyst 2nd Gen Catalyst 3rd Gen Catalyst
Hydrocarbon
Hydrocarbon
Water
Water
GOAL
“B3” Quality “B25” Quality “B60+” Quality Stand
Alone
“B100”
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12. IH2 Process Cost Estimates
• Estimates made by NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory)
• Based on 2000mt/d wood-fed unit, nth plant, green field
• Land acquisition & development costs included
• 2000mt/d wood (50% moisture fed, dried to 10% moisture at 1st stage)
• Total Installed Equipment Cost (TIC) = $123.9 mln (2012 USD)
• Total Capital Investment = $256.1 mln (2012 USD)
• Wood feedstock cost used in the model = $71.97/ dry ton
• Feed Stock ~55% of Operating Cost (cost for algae feedstock ???)
• NREL Capex and Opex have been validated by a Global Engineering
Construction Company (KBR)
• Minimum Fuel Selling Price = $1.76 per gallon (2012 USD) or
€ 0.376 per liter
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13. IH2 Technology Deployment
• Bench Scale
– Since 2009 @ 0.5kg/hr
• Pilot Scale
– February S/U, continuous @ 50kg/d
– Confirmed Yield Structure (Wood)
– Confirmed Catalyst Life (Wood)
• Pre Commercial Scale
– Basic Engineering 5t/d demo(s)
• Commercial Scale
– Target 1/1/14 begin Basic Engineering
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14. Commercial Timeline, Current Status
Demo Scale
Lab Scale Pilot Scale Commercial
(Brownfield)
1Q10
Process
2Q10 Variables and
Semi- Wood, 50-200t/d
3Q10 Continuous
4Q10 Operation Crop Residues, 5-10t/d
Construct 50kg/d
1Q11 Pilot Plant Micro Algae, 5t/d
2Q11 MSW, 5t/d
Receive Unit
3Q11 Refinery Integrated, 1000t/d
4Q11
Shake Down
1Q12
2Q12
3Q12
Continuous Pilot
4Q12 Plant Operation
1Q13
2Q13
3Q13
4Q13
1Q14
2Q14 Engineering
3Q14
4Q14 Construction
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15. Summary
• The IH2 technology is
– a cost-effective catalytic thermochemical process developed by
Gas Technology Institute (GTI) with own, US DOE, CRI funds, and
other in-kind contribution
– a process that converts biomass directly to hydrocarbon fuels /
blend stocks using proprietary CRI catalysts
– feedstock flexible, able to consume broad range of biomass
(straight, mixed and varied feeds)
– needing only transport in/out of the site
– nearly carbon-neutral for wood and crop residue
– globally available exclusively from CRI
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