Diminishing the perceived
need for black open access
INDIANA UNIVERSITY-PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Tina Baich, IUPUI University Library, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA

OA = Open Access

Agenda
• Overview of OA,
including black OA
• Discovery problems
and new tools to
uncover green and
gold OA
• Library action plan to
combat black OA

Open Access Landscape

What is open access
literature?
digital
online
free of charge
free of most copyright
and
licensing restrictions
Peter Suber

Self-Archiving
§ No peer review
requirement
§ More than articles
§ Institutional or Subject
§ No cost to author
Open Access
Publishing
§ Peer reviewed articles
§ Publisher
§ Subsidized publishing
costs

Hybrid Publishing
• Mixes OA and subscription content in a single
journal or within journal portfolio
• OA journals with a traditionally subscription
reliant publisher
• Funded by Article Processing Charges (APC)
charged to authors

Unauthorized Sharing, or black open access

3 Levels of Black Open Access
BlackOpenAccess Oblivious offender
Phisher
Hijacker
Adapted from J. Herron (2017)

Oblivious offender
Shares own work
Likely does not intend to violate author
agreements or copyright law

Phisher
Requests or supplies someone else’s work
Likely aware of copyright violation
Not large scale

Hijacker
Fulfills requests for someone else’s work
Illegal aggregation of content
Large scale

Discovery

Ease of access
Convenience

Pushes the
bounds of
legal and
ethical
behavior

Open Access Button (OAB)

Unpaywall

Library Action Plan

INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Impact of Unauthorized Sharing
1. Steers Traffic away from interlibrary loan and
existing subscriptions
2. Leads to false impression of user wants and
needs
3. Increases difficulty of justifying library funding if
services and materials are not being used
4. Increases subscription costs
5. Results in suspension of access

Discovery and Delivery

INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Discovery and delivery
1. Integrate OA discovery more fully into
existing library discovery systems.
2. Integrate library resource discovery more
fully in the web spaces where our users
live.

Library catalogs
Interlibrary loan systems
Link resolvers
and more?

Meet users where they are
“Linked Data is about using the Web to
connect related data that wasn't previously
linked, or using the Web to lower the
barriers to linking data currently linked
using other methods.”

Meet users where they are
RAMP
(Remixing Archival Metadata Project)

Meet users where they are
Wikidata and
Google Knowledge
Graphs
https://twitter.com/Google/status/909863097103536129/

Strategy and Education

Collection strategies
”Just in Case” versus “Just in Time”
Invest money, not just time, in open access

INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Users must understand
1. why they should not engage in
unauthorized sharing
2. why open access is an important
information policy issue
3. how to use library systems effectively

Educating users
• Adjust the frame
• Case study method
• Pair philosophical with
practical
• ILL communications

INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS

IUPUI
Questions?
Tina Baich
cbaich@iupui.edu

INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Reference (in order of appearance)
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INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
References (in order of appearance)
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INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
References (in order of appearance)
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INDIANA UNIVERSITY–PURDUE UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS
Photo credits
1. "Which Way" by oatsy40 is licensed under CC BY 2.0
2. “Just in Case…” by Todd Lappin is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0
3. “Framed” by Les Chatfield is licensed under CC BY 2.0
4. “Relentless Optimism” by steve_l is licensed under CC BY-NC 2.0