46. Bioethical questions begin with decisions about how to equip a craft. Given that crafts will have severe weight restrictions—known as “ upmass ” in NASA parlance—every decision to include one piece of equipment is a decision to exclude something else. How do we balance different likelihoods and needs? Given a calculus between three measures—severity of a condition, likelihood of occurrence, and effectiveness of countermeasures - how do we decide which kinds of potential health events we will address? Once a craft is equipped, decisions must be made about allocation. Who decides what medical resources are used for whom? In some instances, it may not be prudent to use up a scarce resource on an injured or ill crewmember early in a mission, under the assumption that the resource may be needed later and restocking is not possible. Principles of triage should be worked out in advance of a mission and be part of medical and bioethical policy. Imagine a crewmember who discovers a life-threatening illness with two years left on a mission. Should we allow the crewmember to continue, to risk or even sacrifice his or her life for the mission? Do we give them that choice? What of a crew member with a severe head injury who is disabled? A disabled astronaut removes two crew members from their normal duties: the injured member and the crewmember caretaker. A mission may not be able to sacrifice the work of two of its members. And what if a crewmember does perish? Do we store the body for two years for return to earth, or give the member a “burial at space”?