Contenu connexe Similaire à Achieving Net Zero Energy at Conventional Cost (20) Achieving Net Zero Energy at Conventional Cost1. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
IOWA NEST RESIDENCE
Achieving Net Zero Energy
At Conventional Cost
Carl S. Sterner, Assoc. AIA, LEED AP
Owner, Sterner Design LLC
Director, Sol Design + Consulting
20 April 2017
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
2. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Topics
1. How early analysis informed design
! 5 studies that set the design on track
2. Monitoring
! how are we doing?
3. Designing for a conventional budget
! 3 strategies / lessons learned
4. Building science
! thermal + air + vapor barriers
3. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Project requirements
• ~2400 s.f. residence
• Net Zero Energy
• Underground / of the land
• Avoid conventional AC if possible
• Do all of this on a conventional budget
4. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The site
10. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The design
17. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
! FOLLOW OUR PROGRESS @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
18. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Pre-design & Schematic Analysis
5 questions
that informed design
19. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Can performance
inspire design?
The question behind them all:
20. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
1.
What passive design strategies
are most important?
22. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
+
! STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
How was this done?
23. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Overlaying cost = “most bang for the buck”
24. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Building form??
Earth berming??
Space layout / thermal zoning??
Peak Loads!
What I would do differently:
25. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
A study I should’ve done:
(Glazing ratio + bldg
form with optimal
shading)
28. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategy: Earth Berming ! air temp + radiant temp
29. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategy: Thermal Mass ! air temp + radiant temp
30. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategy: Shading ! air temp + radiant temp
31. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategy: Natural Ventilation + Ceiling Fans ! air movement
32. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Comfort
analysis (PMV)
Design case
without natural
ventilation =
uncomfortable
33. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Not possible to get into range without dehumidification …
! STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
34. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
… but comfort is personal. Clients are willing to try for no A/C.
! STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
35. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategy: Plan for the Future ! add dehumidification / cooling
36. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
How the analysis thus far
informed the design …
38. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Performance Concept: Insulated mass + operable envelope
41. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
3.
Which design option is best?
(And why?)
42. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
OPTION 1: REVEAL
OPTION 2: BEACON
EUI
EUI
Concepts
43. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
OPTION 3: GLASS PAVILIONS
OPTION 4: TERRACE
EUI
EUI
Concepts
44. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
OPTION 5: ROLLING HILLS
Daylight Legend Energy Legend
EUI
Concepts
47. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
! STEP-BY-STEP PROCESS @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
Concept Comparison
48. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Envelope area vs EUI
Glazed area vs cooling
Glazed area vs EUI
Envelope area vs heating
What’s driving energy performance?
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
50. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
4.
What’s the best combination of
strategies?
52. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
! STEP-BY-STEP
PROCESS @
WWW.IOWANEST.COM
53. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Sefaira analysis was used to test m
and discover the best path toward
Response Curves were used to fur
parameters, based on the latest ve
the Sustainable Design Narrative fo
The complete Sefaira analysis can
apps.sefaira.com/concept/project/
single?id=30986&cid=94270&did=Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
54. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
NET ZERDRAFT SET - NOT FOR CONSTRUCTION
NEST RESIDENCE // Fremont, IA
TERNER DESIGN // 1555 Pullan Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45223
Copyright © 2015 Sterner Design. All rights reserved.
What are the optimal envelope properties?
55. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
We’ve come a long way …
Energy Footprint (kBTU)
Peak Space Heating Demand (ton)
Energy Footprint (kBTU)
Peak Space Heating Demand (ton)
Code Baseline
As Designed
57. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Productive glass + productive mass
Typical configuration =
Portions of the glass are unproductive
This design =
100% of the glass is “productive”
as a passive solar collector
59. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Direct sunlight analysis for shading optimization
60. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Is there enough daylight?
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
61. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
PRE-DESIGN: Passive strategies • Net Zero Energy feasibility CONCEPT: Comparison • Correlation
SCHEMATIC / DEVELOPMENT: Envelope optimization • Shading design (direct sunlight) • Daylighting refinements
Summary of studies
63. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Data to date (January – April 2017)
! LIVE DATA @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM/MONITOR
64. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
! LIVE DATA @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM/MONITOR
Remarkable stability,
even though some insulation + air sealing still remains (as of April)
65. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Designing for Budget
3 strategies
(AKA hard lessons)
66. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Cost comparison vs conventional house in Iowa
67. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
But if you remove the green roof & custom corner lift-slide …
68. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
FINISHES ! DESIGN
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
! INTEGRATIVE DESIGN
ENCLOSURE
! DESIGN + MATERIALS
FOUNDATION ! DESIGN
PLUMBING ! DESIGN
Where did the savings come from?
70. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The original schematic design
71. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The original schematic design
= 2X over budget
73. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
1. # of corners
2. # of baths +
plumbing
length
3. shades as
“carved”
elements
74. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
A lot of complexity here
= a lot of cost
77. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Fewer corners + simpler plumbing + shading as additive
78. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
% cost Original Alternative A Alternative B A Small
Square footage (gross) 3,520 3,173 3,192 2,833
Sq. ft. concrete wall 19% 4,586 3,750 3,660 3,500
Sq. ft. glazing 10% 550 600 590 550
Sq. ft. green roof 10% 1,640 880 1,672 840
Sq. ft. hollow core precast 7% 2,432 2,293 2,432 2,033
Lin. ft. tunnel 5% 64 56 48 48
Sq. ft. exterior cladding 2% 3,022 3,683 2,496 2,200
Estimated cost (JH) $729,400
Estimated cost (CS) $547,592 $501,896 $524,041 $458,245
Less envelope area = less cost
79. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Less envelope area = better performance
80. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
ENCLOSURE
! DESIGN + MATERIALS
FOUNDATION ! DESIGN
So: we have 2x the insulation and 3x the airtightness of a
standard house, but spent only marginally more on the enclosure
82. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Structure
Insulation
Air barrier
ICFs = 3-in-1 solution: structure + insulation + air barrier
83. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The concrete forms a continuous air barrier
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
91. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
A crew of 2 just installed
• The formwork for the concrete structure
• R-45 continuous wall insulation
• A high-quality air barrier
= significant labor cost savings
92. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
3.
Use efficiency to reduce
HVAC costs.
(INTEGRATIVE DESIGN)
93. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Integrative Design in theory:
Better performance at LESS cost
94. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
How it worked here:
Tiny heating load ! smaller, cheaper heating system
Good passive design ! no A/C
95. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Designing the Enclosure
Thermal, air, and vapor control
97. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Continuous insulation
R-45 walls
R-60 roof
98. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Window detail:
Excellent windows (Zola) +
Overinsulation
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
! SEE THE DETAILS
@ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
100. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Air barrier =
ICF concrete core +
AB membrane over
roof sheathing +
good details
101. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Window detail:
Siga tapes on interior
from window to plywood
buck, and from buck
to ICF
! SEE THE DETAILS
@ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
103. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Why is this hard?
1. High insulation = cold surfaces
2. Cold surfaces + moisture = condensation
= rot + mold
= "
AND, in the Midwest …
104. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Summer =
Cold inside,
Humid outside !
Vapor drive
inward
105. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Winter =
Cold outside,
Humid inside !
Vapor drive
outward
106. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
The solution:
• Insulate potential condensation surfaces
• Use air barriers to keep moisture from getting
into assemblies (most moisture travels via air
movement, not diffusion)
• Don’t trap moisture in / let assemblies dry
107. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Strategies:
• Breathable assemblies
• Insulate sheathing"
(keep above dewpoint)
• Ceiling air barrier
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
108. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
To be continued …
! STAY UP-TO-DATE @ WWW.IOWANEST.COM
109. Copyright © 2017 Sterner Design, LLC
Thank you!
carl@sternerdesign.com
www.sternerdesign.com
www.iowanest.com