1. Reinforcement
&
Punishment

2. Reinforcement
● Any stimulus added or removed contingent
upon a behavior that maintains or
increases the strength of the behavior.

3. Positive Reinforcement
● Is any action following a behavior that
increases likehood that action will occur
again.

4. Negative Reinforcement
● Always increases the chances that a
behavior will occur.

5. Punishment
● Is sometimes confused with negative
reinforcement. Punishment always
decreases the chances that a behavior will
occur.

6. Punishment
● Punishment has several disadvantages,
including: It's frequently ineffective, It can
convey the idea that physical aggression is
permissable and/or desirable,and it also
doesn't present to act through a different,
more appropriate behavior

7. Positive Punishment
● Is also called “punishment by application.”
● This is done by presenting or applying an
aversive stimulus once the behavior has
occurred.

8. Negative Punishment
● Is also called “punishment by removal.”
● In this version you would remove an
enjoyable stimulus once the behavior has
occurred.