Proposal Writing

1. Ms. Chanda Jabeen
Lecturer
RN, RM, BSN
M.Phil. Epidemiology & Public Health
PhD (Scholar) Epidemiology & Public Health
UNIT-IX: WRITING
RESEARCH PROPOSAL

2. OBJECTIVE
At the completion of this unit learners will be able
to
 Define research proposal.
 Describe purposes of writing research proposal.
 Follow and complete the provided guidelines for
writing research proposal.

3. What is a research proposal
 A research proposal is a written document
specifying what the investigator proposes to
study and is written before the project has
commenced.
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4. Purpose of a Research Proposal
 Research proposal is intended to convince
others that you have a worthwhile research
project and that you have the competence and
the work-plan to complete it.
 The purpose of a proposal is to sell your idea to
the funding agency. This means that the
investigator must convince the funding agency
that:
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5. Purpose of a Research Proposal
 The problem is significant and worthy of study.
 The technical approach is novel and likely to
yield results.
 The investigator and his/her research team
is/are the right group of individuals to carry
out and accomplish the work described in the
research proposal.
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6. Parts of Proposal
 Introduction
 Background of the
Study
 Statement of the
Problem
 Theoretical
Framework
 Conceptual
Framework
 Assumptions and
Hypothesis
 Scope and
Delimitations of the
Study
 Limitations of the
Study
 Definition of Terms

7. Introduction
 Discusses four (4) relevant ideas:
 TOPIC or subject matter: define and elaborate
using methods of paragraph development like
classification and giving examples
 IMPORTANCE of the Topic: cite the role that the
topic plays in your life and the benefits you
derive from it.
 REASONS for Choosing the topic: emphasized
what motivated you to choose the topic.
 PURPOSE of the Study: discusses the objective
of the study.

9. Background of The Study
 consists of statements on what led the
investigator to launch the study.
 may have been generated by some
empirical observations, the need to
explore the problem and some other
relevant conditions.
 describe as clearly as possible the
problem intended to be addressed and
refer to the relevant literature in the field.

10. Background of the Study
 it is an overview of factors which have
led to the problem, comprise the
problem and historical significance
relative to the problem.

12. Statement of the Problem
 There should be a general statement of
the whole problem followed by the
specific questions or sub problems into
which the general problem is broken up.

15. Theoretical Framework
 This is the foundation of the research
study. These are highly related theories
and principles that were established and
proven by authorities
 refers to the set of interrelated construct,
definitions, and prepositions that
presents a systematic view of
phenomena

16. Theoretical Framework
 an organized body that explains what
has been done and what has been said
on the topic or problem being
investigated.

17. What must be obtained from a
theory?
 The name/s of author/s of the theory
must be taken including the place and
the time / year when he or she
postulated such a principle or
generalization.
 the part or parts of the theory that are
relevant to your study
 synthesis by relating to your findings

20. Conceptual Framework
 a tentative explanation or theoretical
explanation of the phenomenon or
problem and serves as the basis for the
formulation research hypotheses.
 consists of the investigator’s own
position on a problem after his exposure
to various theories that have bearing on
the problem

21. Conceptual Framework
 The conceptual framework becomes the
central theme, the focus, the main thrust
of the study. It serves as a guide in
conducting investigation.
 Paradigm. A paradigm is a
diagrammatic representation of a
conceptual framework. It depicts in a
more vivid way what the conceptual
framework wants to convey.

22. Conceptual Framework:
Paradigm

23. Hypothesis
 Hypothesis is a tentative answer to a
research question, it can be derived
 from the observation before the research is
conducted. This is called inductive
hypothesis.
 from the theory. This is called deductive
hypothesis.

25. Kinds of Hypothesis
 Research hypothesis is usually
developed from experience, literature or
theory, or combination of these. This is
the expected relationship
between variables.
 Null hypothesis is the one that states
NO relationship between varibales. The
function is to let the research test the
hypothesis statistically.

26. Scope and Delimitations
 The scope and delimitations should
include the following:
 A brief statement of the general purpose of
the study.
 The subject matter and topics studied and
discussed.
 The locale of the study, where the data were
gathered or the entity to which the data
belong.

27. Scope and Delimitations
 The population or universe from which the
respondents were selected. This must be
large enough to make generalizations
significant.
 The period of the study. This is the time,
either months or years, during which the
data were gathered.

29. Limitations of the Study
 include the weaknesses of the study
beyond the control of the researcher.
 The weaknesses spring out of the
inaccuracies of the perceptions of the
respondents.

31. Variables
 is the operationalized way in which the
attribute is represented for further data
processing.
 Values of each variable statistically
"vary" (or are distributed) across the
variable's domain
 Basically, a variable is any factor that
can be controlled, changed, or
measured in an experiment.

32. Types of Variables
 The independent variable is the one
condition that you change in an
experiment.
 The dependent variable is the variable
that you measure or observe. It is the
factor that is dependent on the state of
the independent variable.

33. Types of Variables
 A controlled variable or constant
variable is a variable that does not
change during an experiment.
 Extraneous variables are "extra"
variables that may influence the
outcome of an experiment, but aren't
taken into account during measurement.

34. Significance of the Study
 The rationale, timeliness and/or
relevance of the study. The rationale,
timeliness and/or relevance of the study
to existing conditions must be explained
or discussed.
 Possible solutions to existing problems
or improvement to unsatisfactory
conditions.

35. Significance of the Study
 Who are to be benefited and how they
are going to be benefited. It must be
shown who are the individuals, groups,
or communities who may be placed in a
more advantageous position on account
of the study.
 Possible contribution to the fund of
knowledge.

37. Definition of Terms
 Only terms, words, or phrases which
have special or unique meanings in the
study are defined.
 Terms should be defined operationally,
that is how they are used in the study.
 The researcher may develop his own
definition from the characteristics of the
term defined.

38. Definition of Terms
 Definitions may be taken from
encyclopedias, books, magazines and
newspaper articles, dictionaries, and
other publications but the researcher
must acknowledge his sources.
 Definitions should abe brief, clear, and
unequivocal as possible.
 Acronyms should always be spelled out
fully

40. References
Kumar, R. (2016). Nursing Research and Statistics.
New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research:
Generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing
Practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). Essential of nursing
research: Methods, appraisal, & utilization.
(6thed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott.